跨文化交际 名词解释(2)

(15) High-context culture: Most of the information lies either in the setting or in the people who are part of the interaction. Very little information is actually contained in the verbal message.

(16) Low-context cultures: The verbal message contains most of the information and very little is embedded（嵌入） in the context or the participants.

(17) Activity orientation（活动观）: Activity orientation is the way a culture views activity. There common modes of activity expressions are: being orientation（存在观）, being-in-becoming orientation and doing orientation.

(18) Nonverbal communication: Nonverbal communication involves all those nonverbal stimuli（刺激） in a communication setting that are generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receive.

(19) Paralanguage（副语言）: Paralanguage involves the linguistic elements of speech that is, how something is said and not the actual meaning of the spoken words. Most classifications divide paralanguage into 3 kinds of vocalizations（发声）: vocal characterizers, vocal qualifiers and vocal segregates.

(20) M-time: People in M-time culture tend to think of time as something fixed in nature, something around us and from which we cannot escape; an ever-present part of the environment. They see time as lineal, segmented and managed.

(21) P-time: For P-time culture, time is less tangible and hence feelings of wasted time are not as prevalent as in M-time culture.

2