机械原理作业设计说明书
课程名称: 机械原理 设计题目: 连杆机构运动分析 院 系: 班 级: 设 计 者: 学 号: 设计时间:
连杆机构运动分析
题目:如图1-1所示机构,已知机构各构件的尺寸为AB=100mm,
BC=2.73AB,CD=1.36AB,CG=2.32AB,BG=4.9AB,AF=2.36AB,AD=2.87AB,DF=2AB,GE=1.45AB,EF=2.82AB,GM=1.36AB,MK=1.91AB,KD=0.54AB,KF=2.18AB,HF=3.1AB,DH=3.63AB,构件1的角速度为 1 10rad/s。试求构件2上G点的轨迹及 135o,
构件4、构件6和构件8的角位移、角速度和角加速度,并对计算结果进行分析。
X
M
G
E
K
A
Y
H
图1 解:
1、建立坐标系
建立以点H为原点的固定平面直角坐标系D-x,y,如图1所示。
1.对机构进行结构分析
该机构由I级杆组RR(原动件AB)、II级杆组RRR(杆2、9)、II级杆组RRR(杆5、6)、II级杆组RRR(杆7、8)和II级杆组RPR(杆4、滑块3)组成。I级杆组RR(原动件AB)如图2所示,II级杆组RRR(杆2、9)如图3所示,II级杆组RRR(杆5、6)如图5所示,II级杆组RRR(杆7、8)如图6所示,II级杆组RPR(杆4、滑块3)如图7所示。
图2 I级杆组RR 图3 II级杆组RRR
图5 II级杆组RRR 图6 II级杆组
RRR
图7 II级杆组RPR
2.各基本杆组运动分析
1. I级杆组RR(原动件AB)
如图2所示,已知原动件杆1的转角 0 -360 pi
角速度 1 10rad/s 角加速度
0 运动副A的位置坐标为 xA 542.3mm,yA 41.5mm
速度为 x
A 0,y A 0
A 0, A 0 加速度为 xy
原动件杆1的长度 lAB 100mm
所以,运动副B的位置、速度和加速度分子如下: 1 位置分析
xB xA lABcos( i ) yB yA lABsin( i ) 2 速度分析
vxB vxA w lAB sin( i ) vyB vyA w lAB sin( i ) 3 加速度分析
axB axA w2lABcos( i ) elABsin( i ) ayB ayA w2lABsin( i ) elABcoa( i ) 求出运动副B的xB,yB,vxB,vyB,axB,ayB各个运动参数。 2. II级杆组RRR(杆2、9)
B,y B)、加速如图4所示,已求出运动副B的位置(xB,yB)、速度(x B, B),已知运动副D的位置坐标 度( xy
xD 303mm,yD 200mm
D 0,y D 0 速度为 x
D 0, D 0 加速度为 xy
杆长 lBC 273mm,lCD 136mm 所以 B、D连线与x轴的夹角为: BD 2 yD yB
xD yB
杆BC的位置角为:
i BD CBD 杆BC的角速度为:
i i
D x B) Sj(y D y B)Cj(x
G1
式中 G1 CiSj CjSi Ci licos i Si lisin i Cj ljcos j Sj ljsin j 杆BC的角加速度为:
i i
G2Cj G3Sj
G1
i2Ci 2 D B 式中 G2 xxjCj i2Si 2 D B G3 yyjSj
将已知量带入可求得 i, i, i。 3. II级杆组RRR(杆5、6)
G,y G)、加速度如图5所示,已求出G点的位置(xG,yG)、速度(x G, G),已知K点的位置坐标为 ( xy
xK 249.8,yK 209.5
K 0,y K 0 速度为 x
K 0, K 0 加速度为 xy
杆长 lGM 136mm,lMK 191mm
1 位置分析
运动副M的位置方程为:
xM xK licos i xG ljcos j,yM yK lisin i yG ljsin j 杆MK的转角位为:
B2 0 A0 B20 C2
0i 2arctan(
A) 0 C0
式中 A0 2li(xD xB),B0 2li(yD yB)
C22
l2(x20 li lGKj,lGK
D xB)2 (yD yB)) 杆GM的转角位为: y yD
j Cx)。 C xD
2 速度分析
杆MK的角速度为:
Cj(x
x B) Sj(y D y B)i
Di G
1
杆GM的角速度为:
Ci(x
x B) Si(y D y B)j
D j G
1
式中 G1 CiSj CjSi Ci licos i Si lisin i Cj ljcos j Sj ljsin j 运动副M的速度为:
ilisin i x jljsin j,y ilicos i y jljcos j M x K- G M y K G x
3 加速度分析
杆MK的角加速度为:
i i
G2Cj G3Sj
G1
杆GM的角加速度为:
j j
G2Ci G3Si
G1
i2Ci 2 D B 式中 G2 xxjCj i2Si 2 D B G3 yyjSj
运动副M的加速度为:
ilisin i i2licos i, ilicos i i2lisin i M K- M K xxyy
4. II级杆组RRR(杆7、8)
G,y G)、加 如图6所示,已求出G点的位置(xG,yG)、速度(x G, G),已知F点的位置坐标为 速度( xy
xF 310,yF 0
K 0,y K 0 速度为 x
K 0, K 0 加速度为 xy
杆长 lEF li 282mm,lGE lj 145mm 1 位置分析
运动副E的位置方程为:
xE xF licos i xG ljcos j,yE yF lisin i yG ljsin j 杆EF的转角位为:
B0 A02 B02 C02
) i 2arctan(
A0 C0
式中 A0 2li(xD xB),B0 2li(yD yB)
2
l2(xD xB)2 (yD yB)2) C0 li2 lGKj,lGK
杆GE的转角位为: j C2 速度分析
杆EF的角速度为:
i i
D x B) Sj(y D y B)Cj(x
G1
y yD
)。 xC xD
杆EG的角速度为:
j j
D x B) Si(y D y B)Ci(x
G1
式中 G1 CiSj CjSi Ci licos i Si lisin i Cj ljcos j Sj ljsin j 运动副E的速度为:
ilisin i x jljsin j,y ilicos i y jljcos j E x F- G E y F G x
3 加速度分析
杆EF的角加速度为:
i i
G2Cj G3Sj
G1
杆GE的角加速度为:
j j
G2Ci G3Si
G1
i2Ci 2 D B 式中 G2 xxjCj i2Si 2 D B G3 yyjSj
运动副E的加速度为:
ilisin i i2licos i, ilicos i i2lisin i E F- E F xxyy
5. II级杆组RPR(杆4、滑块3) 1 位置分析
杆4的转角为: j B0s A0B0
)
A0s B0C0
式中 A0 xG xH B0 yG-yH C0 li lk 0 s A02 B02 C02 2 速度分析
杆4的角速度为:
j j
B y D)cos j (x B x D)sin j(y
G4
式中 G4 (xB xD)cos i (yB yD)sin j 3 加速度分析
杆4的角加速度为:
j j
G6cos j G5sin j
G4
2 B D 式中 G5 xxj(xB xD) 2s jsin j 2 B D G6 yyj(yB yD) 2s jcos j
s
B x D)(xB xD) (y B y D)(yB yD)(x
4. 用VB编程
Public s4(3600) As Double Public v4(3600) As Double Public a4(3600) As Double Public s6(3600) As Double Public v6(3600) As Double Public a6(3600) As Double Public s8(3600) As Double Public v8(3600) As Double Public a8(3600) As Double Public XG(3600) As Double Public YG(3600) As Double Public XB(3600) As Double Public YB(3600) As Double Public XC(3600) As Double Public YC(3600) As Double
G4
Public pi As Double Public pa As Double Sub main() Dim i As Long
Dim f1(3600) As Double Dim RR1 As RR Dim RR2 As RR Dim RRR1 As RRR Dim RRR2 As RRR Dim RRR3 As RRR Dim RPR1 As RPR Dim d1 As Double Dim d2 As Double Dim ss As Double Dim vXG(3600) As Double Dim vYG(3600) As Double Dim aXG(3600) As Double Dim aYG(3600) As Double Dim vG As Double Dim aG As Double Set RR1 = New RR Set RR2 = New RR
Set RRR1 = New RRR Set RRR2 = New RRR Set RRR3 = New RRR Set RPR1 = New RPR pi = 3.1415926 pa = pi / 180
For i = 0 To 3600 Step 1 RR1.f = i * pa / 10: RR1.delt = pi RR1.w = 10: RR1.e = 0 RR1.L = 100 RR1.XA = 542.3 RR1.YA = 41.57 RR1.vXA = 0 RR1.vYA = 0 RR1.aXA = 0: RR1.aYA = 0 RR1.cal
XB(i) = RR1.XB: YB(i) = RR1.YB RRR1.XD = RR1.XB: RRR1.YD = RR1.YB RRR1.vXD= RR1.vXB: RRR1.vYD = RR1.vYB RRR1.aXD= RR1.aXB: RRR1.aYD = RR1.aYB RRR1.XB = 303:
RRR1.YB = 200 RRR1.vXB = 0 RRR1.vYB = 0 RRR1.aXB = 0 RRR1.aYB = 0
RRR1.Lj = 273: RRR1.Li = 136 RRR1.M = -1 RRR1.cal XC(i) = RRR1.XC YC(i) = RRR1.YC
RR2.XA = RRR1.XD: RR2.YA = RRR1.yD RR2.vXA = RRR1.vXD: RR2.vYA = RRR1.vYD RR2.aXA = RRR1.aXD: RR2.aYA = RRR1.aYD RR2.f = RRR1.fj - 0.07157 * pi: RR2.delt = pi RR2.v= RRR1.vj: RR2.e = RRR1.aj RR2.L = 490 RR2.cal
XG(i) = RR2.XB: YG(i) = RR2.YB RRR2.XB = RR2.XB: RRR2.YB = RR2.YB RRR2.vXB = RR2.vXB: RRR2.vYB = RR2.vYB RRR2.aXB = RR2.aXB: RRR2.aYB = RR2.aYB RRR2.XD = 249.8: RRR2.YD = 209.5
RRR2.vXD = 0: RRR2.vYD = 0 RRR2.aXD = 0: RRR2.aYD = 0 RRR2.Li = 191: RRR2.Lj = 136 RRR2.M = 1 RRR2.cal
f6(i) = RRR2.fi / pa: v6(i) = RRR2.vi: a6(i) = RRR2.ai RRR3.XD = RR2.XB: RRR3.YD = RR2.YB RRR3.vXD = RR2.vXB: RRR3.vYD = RR2.vYB RRR3.aXD = RR2.aXB: RRR3.aYD = RR2.aYB RRR3.XB = 310: RRR3.YB = 0 RRR3.vXB = 0: RRR3.vYB = 0 RRR3.aXB = 0: RRR3.aYB = 0 RRR3.Li = 282: RRR3.Lj = 145 RRR3.M = -1 RRR3.cal
f8(i) = RRR3.fi / pa: v8(i) = RRR3.wi: a8(i) = RRR3.ei vXG(i) = RR2.vXB: vYG(i) = RR2.vYB aXG(i) = RR2.aXB: aYG(i) = RR2.aY LHG(i) = Sqr((XG(i) - 0) ^ 2 + (YG(i) - 0) ^ 2) If XG(i) > 0 And YG(i) >= 0 Then f4(i) = Atn((YG(i) - 0) / (XG(i) - 0))
vG = vXG(i) * Sin(f4(i)) + vYG(i) * Cos(f4(i)): v4(i) = vG / LHG(i)
aG = aXG(i) * Sin(f4(i)) + aYG(i) * Cos(f4(i)): a4(i) = aG / LHG(i) End If
If XG(i) = 0 Then f4(i) = pi / 2
v4(i) = vXG(i) / LHG(i) a4(i) = aXG(i) / LHG(i) End If
If XG(i) < 0 And YG(i) > 0 Then ss = Atn(-(YG(i) - 0) / (XG(i) - 0)) f4(i) = pi + Atn((YG(i) - 0) / (XG(i) - 0))
vG = vXG(i) * Cos(ss) + vYG(i) * Sin(ss): v4(i) = vG / LHG(i) aG = aXG(i) * Cos(ss) + aYG(i) * Sin(ss): a4(i) = aG / LHG(i) End If f4(i) = f4(i) / pa Next i
位移显示. Show End Sub
5. 计算结果图
G的运动轨迹如图8所示。
构件4的角位移、角速度、角加速度分别如图9、图10、图11所示。 构件6的角位移、角速度、角加速度分别如图12、图13、图14所示。