【志鸿优化设计】2014届高考英语一轮复习 语法专题 数词和主谓一致 外研版

语法专题十 数词和主谓一致

一、数词

数词分为两种：基数词（表示数目）和序数词（表示顺序）。

考点一 dozen与score的用法

1．dozen（一打，十二），score（二十）与具体数词或与many，several 等连用时，后不加s，所修饰的名词前常省去of。如：two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋，many dozen pencils好多打铅笔；dozen，score的复数形式后接of时，表示“许多”，是概数。如：dozens of eggs几十个鸡蛋，scores of pencils几十支铅笔。此外，有“数词＋score＋of＋名词”这种用法。如：two score of eggs 40个鸡蛋，three score of people 60个人。

2．当所修饰的名词之前有限定词these，those，my，your等或是修饰人称代词宾格them，us，you时，这时需要加of。如：two dozen of these pens，three score of them。

考点二 分数的表达法

分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子大于1，则分母用复数。如：one­fourth（a quarter）1/4 two­fifths 2/5

Two­thirds of the money was spent on food.

考点三 年龄的表达法

表示某人的确切年龄，用“基数词＋years old”或者“at the age of＋基数词”，也可直接用基数词；表示某人几十多岁时，用“in one's＋逢十的基数词的复数（如tens，twenties，thirties等）”来表达。

She is still in her twenties.她才二十几岁。

考点四 年代的表达法

表示“几十年代”时，在阿拉伯数字后加s或's。

My grandpa was born in 1910's.

二、主谓一致

谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。在判定一个句子主谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。“语法一致”也就是平常说的从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词亦为复数形式。“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致问题。主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定，也采用复数形式。“就近一致”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和与其最近的主语保持一致。

考点一 谓语动词用单数的情况

1．主语为表示时间、距离、金钱、度量、容量、书名等整体概念的名词时。

Ten miles is not a long way for me.

2．由and连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语，前面由不定代词every/each/no修饰时。

Every student and every teacher is in the classroom.

3．and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，因而两个名词共用一个冠词时。 The writer and artist has come.

Bread and butter is her favourite food.

4．the number of＋复数名词作主语时。

The number of professors present at the meeting is 1800.

5．动名词（短语）、不定式、从句等作主语时。

What he said is very important for us all.

6．one and a half＋复数名词；more than one＋单数名词；many a＋单数名词作主语时。

More than one student has gone to Beijing.

7．“the＋形容词”表示一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数。

The new is sure to replace the old.

考点二 谓语动词用复数的情况

1．有些集合名词，如：clothes，cattle，folk，people，police，poultry（家禽）等作主语，后面的谓语动词多用复数形式。

The police are searching for the murderer.

2．“the＋形容词或分词”表示某一类人时动词用复数。 The old are living a happy life now.

3．由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式（不可数名词同样）。 Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop.

考点三 谓语动词单复数视情况而定

1．集合名词如：group，family，class，government，team，public，enemy，crowd，audience，club，party，crew等作主语时，如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式，如果侧重其成员，谓语动词用复数形式。

The family which is not big like watching football games.

2．主语是单复数同形的名词如：deer，sheep，fish，series，species，means，works，aircraft等时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。

A new means has been used by our government.

Many means have not come into effect.

3．代词none，neither，all等作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于所指代的内容。 All our hope has gone.

All the students have come on time.

4．population表示“人口”，即一个国家或地区的居民数目，它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，它作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。

The population of Canada is about 29 million.

Eighty percent of the population in this country are farmers.

考点四 “名词（或代词）＋介词短语”作主语时的主谓一致

1．有时主语与谓语动词之间插入一个介词短语，该短语对谓语动词不产生影响。 The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly.

2．当主语后面跟有with，together with，along with，accompanied by，like，in addition to，as well as，as much as，more than，rather than，no less than，except，but，besides，including等连接的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数要与它们前面的主语取得一致。

The singer together with his agent has arrived.

考点五 “名词（或代词）＋of＋名词”作主语时的主谓一致

1．由“some，plenty，a lot，lots，most，the rest，all，half，part或分数、百分数＋of＋名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。一般来说，如果of后面所接名词为复数形式，谓语动词为复数；如果of后面所接名词为单数形式或不可数名词，谓语就用单数形式。

About one third of the books are well worth reading.

Over 30% of the work has been finished.

2．由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”和“名词＋of this kind”等，以及type，sort，part，piece，section，pair等构成的同类型短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。

This kind of animals is dangerous.

Animals of this kind are dangerous.

3．“a large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。

“large amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。

“a large quantity of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。

“a large quantity of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。

“large quantities of＋不可数名词/复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。

“a good/great deal of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。 Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market.

考点六 就近原则

1．由or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，采用就近一致原则，即谓语动词和与它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin's movies.

Are either you or your brother going to the party?

2．there be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。

There are some envelopes and paper for you.

考点七 定语从句中的主谓一致

1．在定语从句里，关系代词that，who，which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

Those who have seen the film please put up your hands.

2．“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，从句中谓语动词要用复数形式。

Tom is one of the boys who have gone abroad.

3．“the only one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。

He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.

1．（2012·陕西高考）The basketball coach，as well as his team，______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.

A．were B．was

C．is D．are

2．（2012·湖南高考）All the scientific evidence ______ that increasing use of chemicals in farming ______ damaging our health.

A．show；are B．shows；are

C．show；is D．shows；is

3．（2011·安徽高考）The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which ______ saved for other purposes.

A．is B．are

C．was D．were

4．（2011·湖南高考）One­third of the country ______covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ______ black people.

A．is；are B．is；is

C．are；are D．are；is

5．（2011·江苏高考）The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ______ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.

A．suggest B．suggests

C．suggested D．suggesting

6．（2013·安徽皖南八校第二次联考）It is either he or you ______in charge of the project and supposed to finish it punctually.

A．who is B．that is

C．who are D．which are

7．（2013·云南昆明摸底调研）The girl found the T­shirt sold online was______that in the supermarket.

A．as half cheap as B．cheap as half as

C．the half price of D．half the price of

8．（2013·北京东城第二次联考）The basketball coach，as well as his team，______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.

A．were B．was

C．is D．are

9．（2013·四川南充月考）The driver，______ the passengers，______ responsible for the accident.

A．more than；are B．rather than；is

C．other than；were D．less than；was

10．（2013·陕西西安月考）My sister，as well as her classmates who ______late for class，______criticized by Mr Hunt.

A．were ；was B．was；were

C．was；was D．were；were

11．（2013·河南开封模拟）______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass.

A．Two fifth；is B．Two fifths；are

C．Two fifth；are D．Two fifths；is

12．Everyone，men and women，old and young ______ sports and games.

A．is enjoy B．were enjoying

C．enjoys D．enjoy

13．Mayor as well as volunteer workers ______ the newly­built stadium.

A．is cleaning B．are cleaning

C．were cleaning D．have cleaned

14．Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln.

A．have known B．knows

C．is known D．are known

15．The public ______ the best judge because the public always ______ their thoughts.

A．are；express B．is；express

C．is；expresses D．are；expresses

16．The family as well as their dog ______ on the roof by the flood.

A．was trapped B．trapped

C．were trapped D．trapping

17．Cattle ______ well in the country market at present，according to the evening news.

A．sell B．sells

C．is being sold D．will be sold

18．All the furniture in my office ______ made in Hong Kong.

A．is B．are

C．were D．had been

19．Every means ______to prevent the water from ______.

A．are used；polluting B．get used；pollution

C．is used；polluted D．has been used；being polluted

20．Is it he or you ______ in charge of the job?

A．who is B．that is

C．who are D．whom are

21．I think Class One ______ to win because Class One ______ all football lovers.

A．is likely；are

B．are likely；are

C．is likely；is

D．are likely；is

22．Britain ______ many other industrialized countries，______ major changes

over the last 100 years.

A．together with；have experienced

B．as well as；have experienced

C．in common with；has experienced

D．instead of；has experienced

23．Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes______ sent to the disaster­hit area since the powerful earthquake occurred.

A．has been B．have been

C．is being D．are being

24．What the children in the mountain village need ______ good books.

A．is B．are

C．have D．has

25．A teacher of English and head teacher ______ us something about volunteer workers.

A．are telling B．is telling

C．are given D．were given

26．Nothing but several glasses ______ bought by my father the day before yesterday.

A．was B．were

C．have been D．would be

27．（2013·广西桂林中学模拟）It's said that ______ of the students ______ absent.

A．three­fifth；are

B．three­fifths；is

C．third­fifth；is

D．three­fifths；are

28．（2013·湖南湘中名校联考）Not Jack，but you and I ______to blame for the accident.We were so careless.

A．am B．is

C．are D．should

29．（2013·湖南湘中名校联考）—What a lot of money！Is it meant for me? —Yes，darling.If you get full marks in the exam，you'll have ______ that.

A．more than twice than

B．more than twice as much as

C．twice as much than

D．as much twice as

30．（2013·湖南重点中学月考）More than one doctor ______ involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.

A．were B．was

C．are D．is

31．（2013·吉林油田高中摸底）The girl sitting by the window is the only one of the students who ______ from the countryside in our class.

A．was B．were

C．is D．are

32．（2013·银川一中二次月考）—Did you go to the show last night?

—Yeah.Every boy and every girl in the area ______ invited.

A．were B．was

C．has been D．have been

参考答案

1．B as well as 连接两个并列的名词作主语时，根据其前面的名词来确定谓语动词的形式。句意：由于出色的表现，比赛结束不久，这位篮球教练和他的队员们接受了采访。由句意可知动作发生在过去，故选B项。

2．D 第一个空的主语为不可数名词evidence，故其谓语动词要用单数shows；第二个空的主语为use，谓语动词也要用单数形式。句意：所有的科学证据都表明农业中对化学品日益增长的使用正损害我们的身体健康。故D项正确。

3．D 句意：这家工厂用了65%的原材料，剩余的被作为它用。raw materials是先行词，which引导的定语从句中，the rest作主语；the rest作主语时，谓语的数由其后的名词而定，而which＝raw materials，所以谓语要用复数形式；由主句中的时态可知，从句中要用一般过去时态。故选D项。

4．A “国家三分之一的领土”在概念上是单数，故系动词用单数；而 “国家公民的大多数”是复数，故系动词用复数。句意：这个国家三分之一的领土被树木覆盖且多数公民为黑人。故选A项。

5．B 句意：目前许多人仍然在公共场所吸烟的事实表明我们需要开展一场全国范围的运动来提高人们对吸烟危险性的认识。分析句子结构可知，主语是the fact，其后的that引导的是同位语从句，因此主句的谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，结合上下文时态可确定，此处用一般现在时。

6．C either...or...连接主语时，谓语动词要和临近的主语一致。先行词是you，故用are。

7．D 句意：这个女孩发现网上卖的T恤衫是超市里卖的价格的一半。倍数的表达有三种方式：1）倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as＋被比对象，这一句型中，如果形容词修饰一单数可数名词，那么要把形容词提到冠词的前面来，即：倍数＋as＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋as＋被比对象；2）倍数＋形容词或者副词的比较级＋than＋被比对象；3）倍数＋the＋size/width/depth/length/height＋of＋被比对象。这里考查的是第三种形式。

8．B as well as连接的名词作主语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语一致。这里和the basketball coach一致，而且是过去时，故选B项。

9．B 句意：是这个司机而不是乘客应为此次事故负责。名词＋rather than＋另一名词作主语时，谓语动词与第一个名词取得人称和数的一致。故B项正确。

10．A 第一个空为定语从句中的谓语动词，修饰先行词classmates，为复数名词，故谓语动词要用复数形式；as well as 连接的两个名词作主语时谓语动词要与第一个取得一致，因此第二个空要用单数形式。故只有A项正确。

11．D 句意：那个地区五分之二的陆地都被绿树草地所覆盖。two­fifths表示“五分之二”，分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与of后的名词取得一致。land为不可数名词，故正确答案为D项。

12．C 本句主语是不定代词everyone，表示单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。因此选择C项。

13．A 名词＋as well as ＋另一名词作主语时，谓语动词要与前面的名词保持人称和数的一致，此处mayor是单数名词，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。

14．B 主语many a student 意思是复数，形式是单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。

15．B 前一个public（公众）表示的是集体、整体，故谓语动词要用单数形式。后一个public表示的是个体，即公众中每个成员，故谓语动词要用复数形式。因此B项正确。

16．C 分析句子结构可以看出，句子缺少谓语动词。as well as 当作介词使用，后面的成分不能作主语，主语是the family，在这里指的是一家人，侧重个体成员，所以谓语动词用复数形式。人是被洪水困住的，所以用被动语态。句意：那家人还有他们养的狗都被洪水困在了屋顶。

17．A 有些集合名词作主语时，应以复数看待。这类名词有people，cattle，police等。 故此处谓语动词要用复数形式，故A项正确。

18．A 此处furniture作主语，为不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数形式。

19．D 本题考查单复数同形的名词作主语时谓语动词的形式。这一类动词有means，

works，species等。句意：（政府）用尽一切办法来阻止水受污染。

20．C 此处为强调句型，强调了主语 he or you，根据强调句型结构“It is/was＋被强调部分＋ that/who＋其他”，首先排除D项；谓语的单复数根据所强调的主语he or you确定，or连接并列主语时采用就近一致原则，因此根据you确定谓语为are。

21．A 前一个Class One是“一班”，指集体，故谓语动词要用单数形式；后一个Class One指一班的同学们，指所有个体，故谓语动词要用复数形式。

22．C in common with意为“和 一样”，谓语动词单复数跟前面的主语保持一致。句意：与其他工业化国家一样，英国在过去100年里经历了重大的变化。 A、B两项第一空together with，as well as意思及用法与in common with类似，均错在第二空；D项instead of “而不是”，不合句意。

23．A 这里的主语是some necessary equipment，所以谓语动词用单数形式。时间状语为since＋过去时，所以谓语动词要用完成时。

24．B what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据后面的名词的数来决定，此处要用非第三人称单数形式。

25．B 句意：一位英语老师兼班主任正在给我们讲有关志愿者的一些事情。句中and 连接的teacher和head teacher共用一个不定冠词，说明是同一个人，谓语用第三人称单数形式。

26．A 此处是由but连接的nothing和several glasses放在主语的位置上，真正的主语是nothing，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。

27．D 五分之三的正确表达为“three­fifths”，分数/百分数＋of＋名词作主语时，谓语动词要与of后的名词取得一致。此处指students，故D项正确。

28．C not...but...作主语时谓语动词的数要与but后的名词取得一致，and连接两个并列的不同概念的名词时谓语动词要用复数形式，故此处选择C项。

29．B A＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B或者A＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B，故此处只有B项正确。

30．B more than one＋单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，且根据句中took可知要用过去时，故只有B项正确。

31．C 句意：坐在窗边的这个女孩是我们班唯一一个来自农村的学生。此处为定语从句中的主谓一致。先行词为one，而不是students，故谓语动词用单数，且时态为现在时态，故只有C项正确。

32．B every＋单数名词＋and＋every＋单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，根据第一句话中的“did”可知时态要用一般过去时。故B项正确。