2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研国际商务英语,考研真题

育明教育—中国考研专业课第一品牌,翻译硕士考研,首选育明,翻硕录取率趋近100%

育明教育—中国考研专业课第一品牌,翻译硕士考研,首选育明,翻硕录取率趋近100%

育明教育—中国考研专业课第一品牌,翻译硕士考研,首选育明,翻硕录取率趋近100%

育明教育—中国考研专业课第一品牌,翻译硕士考研,首选育明,翻硕录取率趋近100%

育明教育—中国考研专业课第一品牌,翻译硕士考研,首选育明,翻硕录取率趋近100%

育明教育—中国考研专业课第一品牌,翻译硕士考研,首选育明,翻硕录取率趋近100%

育明教育—中国考研专业课第一品牌,翻译硕士考研,首选育明,翻硕录取率趋近100%

国际商务英语—名词解释

Visibletrade有形贸易:Theformofcommoditytrade,i.e.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.(includingcashtransaction-bymeansofmoneyandmarket,andcountertrade)

Invisibletrade无形贸易:Theformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.iscalledinvisibletradeorserviceindustries.

FDI(foreigndirectinvestments)ismadeofreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedinahostcountry.

Portfolioinvestment证券投资:Purchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling.

Stocks股票:Capitalstocksorbonds.

Bonds债券:Thepapersissuedbyagovernmentorafirmwithpromisetopaybackthemoneylentorinvestedtogetherwithinterest.

Licensing许可经营:Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry.Theychooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostatbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.

Franchising特许经营:afirmcalledthefranchisee,isallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,calledthefranchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logos,andoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.

Franchiser特许方:Afirmwhoprovidesthefranchiseewithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.

Franchisee被特许方:Afirmisallowedtooperateinthenameofanother.

Managementcontract管理合同:Underamanagementcontract,onecompanyoffersmanagerialorotherspecializedservicestoanotherwithinaparticularperiodforaflatpaymentorapercentageoftherelevantbusinessvolume.

Turnkeyproject“交钥匙”工程:afirmsignsacontractwithaforeignpurchaserandundertakesallthedesigning,contractingandfacilityequippingbeforehandingitovertothelatteruponcompletion.

Internationalinvestment国际投资:Supplyingcapitalbyresidentsofonecountrytoanother.

育明教育—中国考研专业课第一品牌,翻译硕士考研,首选育明,翻硕录取率趋近100%

Internationalbusiness国际商务:Transactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountries.Sometimesbusinessacrossthebordersofdifferentcustomsareasofthesamecountryisalsoregardedasimportandexport.

BOTisapopularvariantoftheturnkeyprojectwhereBstandsforbuild,OforoperateandTfortransfer.ForaBOTproject,afirmoperateafacilityforaperiodoftimeafterbuldingitupbeforefinallytransferringittoaforeigncompany.

GNP国民生产总值:GrossnationalProduct.Themarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedbythepropertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofaneconomy.

GDP国内生产总值:GrossDomesticProduct.Themarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithinthegeographicareaofaneconomy.

PercapitaGDP人均国内生产总值:ItiscalculatedbydividingitstotalGDPbyitspopulation,whichrevealstheaverageincomelevelofconsumers.

Incomedistribution收入分布:Theproportionsofitsrich,middleincomeandpoorpeople.capabilityat/incostfor/ofatreasonablecostsleviedontakeintoaccountwithoutreferenceto(不针对)makeeffortstoengagein

Freetradearea自由贸易区:Themembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselveswhilestilladoptseachownexternalpolicy

Customsunion关税同盟:Themembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselvesandadoptthesameexternalpolicy

Commonmarket共同市场:Themembersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsotofactorsofproductionandadoptthesameexternalpolicy.

EconomicUnion(EU)经济同盟:Themembersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsotofactorsofproduction,adoptthesameexternalpolicyandharmonizetheirtaxation,governmentexpenditure,industrypoliciesandusethesamecurrency.

ParentMNCheadquarter跨国公司母公司总部istheoriginalinvestingmultinationalcorporation.ItisalsotheinternationalheadquartersoftheMNE.

MNC跨国公司=TNC:Multinationalcorporation,aremadeupofvastnumbersofforeignsubsidiaries,companiesinwhichover50percentisownedbytheparentcompany.

MNE跨国企业:Multinationalenterprise:Atypicalmultinationalenterpriseshallbedefinedasabusinessorganizationwhichowns(whetherwhollyorpartly),controlsandmanagesassets,oftenincludingproductiveresources,inmorethanonecountry,throughitsmembercompanies

育明教育—中国考研专业课第一品牌,翻译硕士考研,首选育明,翻硕录取率趋近100%

incorporatedseparatelyineachofthesecountries.Eachmembercompanyisknownasamultinationalcorporation.

Homecounty母国:Thecountrywheretheheadquarteroftheinvestorislocated.

Hostcountry东道国:Thehostcountryisaforeigncountrywheretheinvestoroperates.

Absoluteadvantage绝对利益:Itholdsthatacommoditywillbeproducedinthecountrywhereitcostsleastintermsofresources(capital,landandlabor)

Comparativeadvantage比较利益:Evenifacountryislessefficientthananotherintheproductionofbothcommodities,thereisstillabasisformutuallybeneficialtrade.

Internationaltrade国际贸易:Theexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedinonecountrywiththoseproducedinanothersufficient.

Primarycommoditiesthosecommoditiesnotprocessedoronlyslightlyprocessedusuallyfarmproduceorrawmaterials.

Specialization专业化:Torestrictone’seconomicactivitiestocertainparticularfields.

Importduties进口关税:Tariffsleviedongoodsenteringanarea

Exportduties出口关税:Taxesleviedongoodsleavinganarea

Tariff关税:Ataxleviedonacommoditywhenitcrossestheboundaryofacustomarea.

Quota配额:Aquotalimitstheimportsorexportsofacommodityduringagivenperiodoftime.Itisthemostcommonformofnon-tariffbarriers.

Drawback退税:Dutiespaidonimportedgoodsthatarerefundedifthegoodsarereexported.

Most-favored-nation(MFN)treatment最惠国待遇:AtarifftreatmentunderwhichacountryisrequiredtoextendtoallsignatoriesanytariffconcessionsgrantedtoanyparticipatingcountryContractproperthemainbodyofacontract

Incoterms国际贸易术语解释通则:Itisasetofinternationalrulesfortheinterpretationofthemostcommonlyusedtradetermsinforeigntrade.Thus,theuncertaintiesofdifferentinterpretationsofsuchtermsindifferentcountriescanbeavoidedoratleastreducedtoaconsiderabledegree.

Tradetermsaretermsusedininternationaltradetodescribethegeneralinformationaboutthe

育明教育—中国考研专业课第一品牌,翻译硕士考研,首选育明,翻硕录取率趋近100%

trade,suchastheunitpriceportofshipment,portofdestinationandthekindofcurrency.

Protectionismisatradebarriertointernationaltradeforthepurposeofprotectinganation’sowndomesticmarketandindustries.Itincludestariffbarriersandnon-tariffbarriers.

Amultinationalenterpriseisabusinessorganizationwhichowns,controlsandmanagesassets,inmorethanonecountry,throughitsmembercompaniesincorporated.

Multi-modeltransportation:

Inquiry/enquiry询盘、询价:Itismadebythebuyerstogetinformationaboutthegoodstobeorderedsuchasquantity,specifications,prices,timeofshipmentandotherterms.

Quotation报盘:Estimateofhowmuchsomethingwillcost

Counteroffer还盘:Newoffermadebytheoriginaloffereetotheoriginalofferer

Offeree收盘人

Afirstenquiry首次询价:AnenquirysenttoanexporterwhomtheimporterhasneverdealtwithAcontract一个合同:Anagreementwhichsetsforthbindingobligationsoftherelevantparties

Afirmoffer一个实盘:Statementthatyouarewillingtopayacertainamountofmoneytobysomething.

Forcemajeure不可抗力:isadefaultofthecontractwhichisgivenrisetonotbecauseofthecontractingparties’default,butoftheuncontrollablecauses.Onetypeofthecauseisthenaturalforceandtheotherissocialcause.Orsocialornaturalcalamitiesthattakeplacebeyondthecontrolofacontractingparty

Hyperinflation极度通货膨胀isakindofinflationinwhichthemarketpricesaresoaringquickly.Thedevaluationrateofthecurrencyisastronomical.Thenormaleconomicactivitiesareoutoftheorder,andfinallyleadtothecollapseofthewhole

monetarysystem.

inflation:Riseinpricesbroughtaboutbytheexcessdemand,expansionofmoneysupply,creditetcDevaluation贬值

Barter易货贸易:Thedirectexchangeofgoodsandservices,whichiscompletedinashortperiodoftime.

育明教育—中国考研专业课第一品牌,翻译硕士考研,首选育明,翻硕录取率趋近100%

Counterpurchase反向购买、互购贸易:Theassumptionbyanexporterofatransferableobligationthroughseparatebutlinkedcontracttoacceptasfullorpartialpaymentgoodsandservicesfromtheimporterorimportingcountry.

Buyback回购贸易:Anagreementbyanexporterofplantandequipmenttotakebackinthefuturepartoftheoutputproducedbythesegoodsasfullorpartialpayment.

Remittance汇付:Thismethodisalwaysemployedbythepartieswhoarefamiliarwithandtrusteachother

Documentarydraft跟单汇票:Thedraftisaccompaniedbytherelevantdocuments.

Documentarycollection跟单托收:Itismeansofensuringthatthegoodsareonlyhandedovertothebuyerwhentheamountshownonabillofexchangeispaidorwhenthecustomeracceptsthebillasacontracttopaybyaspecifieddate.

Payee收款人、领款人:Thepersonreceivingthepayment.

Sightdraft即期汇票:Thedraftcallsforimmediatepaymentonpresentationtothedrawee.

Usancedraft远期汇票Termdraft=Tenordraft:Thedraftispayableatalaterdateonpresentationtothedrawee.

Draft汇票:=Billofexchange.Itisanunconditionalordertoabankoracustomertopayasumofmoneytosomeoneondemandoratafixedtimeinthefuture.

Drawer出票人:Thepersonwhodrawsthedraft(usuallytheexporter)

Drawee受票人:Thepersontowhomthedraftisdrawn.

Cleandraft光票:Thedraftwithoutdocuments

Applicant(OpenerorPrincipal)申请人:ThepersonwhoinstructshisbanktoissueanL/C.(theimporter)

applicantofanL/C:TheimporterthatgoestoabankfortheestablishmentofanL/C

Openingbank(Issuingbank,Establishingbank)开证行:Thebankthatissuesthecredit.

育明教育—中国考研专业课第一品牌,翻译硕士考研,首选育明,翻硕录取率趋近100%

Openingbank:thebankthatissuestheletterofcreditiscalledtheopeningbank.

Beneficiary受益人:Theexporterinwhosefavorthecreditisopened

Correspondentband往来行、关系行:Thebankintheexporter’scountry,whichtheopeningbanksendsthecredittoit

Advisingbank通知行:Thebankintheexporter’scountry,whichadvisestheexportertheL/C,isreceived.

Confirmingbank保兑行:Thebankaddsitsconfirmationtothecredit.

TheletterofCredit(L/C、L/C)信用证:Thecreditisaletterissuedbyabankattherequestoftheimporterinwhichthebankpromisestopayuponpresentationoftherelevantdocuments.Payingbank付款行:Thebankacceptsornegotiatesthebillofexchange.

Negotiatingbank议付行:Thebankbuystheexporter’sdraftsubmittedtoitunderacredit.Recipient:Apersonoranorganizationetc.thatreceivessomething

2015年8月

资料来源：育明考研考博官网