The Standard of Translation

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The

Standardof Translationmade by 816

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What’s the function of translation criteria ? A for plumb-line measuring the professional level of translation ; A goal set for translator to strive after.

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Principles and Criteria of Translation a yardstick to guide the translation practiceand measure or assess the quality of translated version. The principles guide the translators’ practice, and the criteria lay emphasis on readers’ or critics’ evaluation of the translated text. In most cases, they are the two aspects of the same thing.

翻译的标准 翻译的标准:所谓翻译标准，亦曰翻译原则；1.即 指导翻译实践；2.评价译文质量的尺度,即翻译批评 (translation criticism)的标准。

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Part oneSome views on the principles and criteria of translation put forward by famous translators and theorists.

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Zhi Qian支谦 支谦 He put forward his norms that the translator of Buddhist classics should follow the original intention of the author without any embroidery (因循本旨，不加文饰).

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Dao An 道安 He suggested that a translator should translate according to the original without any addition and deduction. (案本而传，不令有损言游字)

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Xuan Zang 玄奘 Translation must be truthful and intelligible to the populace (既须求真，有须喻俗). Yan Fu 严复 He sets down the famous triple criteria for translation, namely, faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance ,which has been producing lasting influence on Chinese translation. “译事三难：信、达、雅。求其信已大难矣， 故信矣不达，虽译尤不译也，则达尚焉。”

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Chongde(刘重德 刘重德) Liu Chongde(刘重德) faithfulness, expressiveness and fitness (closeness) (刘重德修正了严复“信、达、雅”的翻 译标准，提出了“信、达、切”的观点， 所谓“切”就是：“实事求是，酌情处 理，恰如其分，切合原文风格”)

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(鲁迅 鲁迅) Lu xun (鲁迅A translation must have both intelligibility and the style of the original text. 凡是翻译，必须兼顾着两面，一当然力 求其容易解，一则保存着原文的丰姿。

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Fu Lei (傅雷) 傅雷) 傅雷 a famous translator, writes in the preface to his translation of Balzac’s Old Goriot translation ought to be like copying a picture ; the ultimate aim lies in the resemblance in spirit rather than that in form. (“以效果而 “ 论,翻译应当像临画一样，所求不在形似 而在神似。”)

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Qian Zhongshu 钱钟书 transmigration theory 化境论 文学翻译的最高境界是“化” It focuses on the translator’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese readers.

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Multiple and Complementary

criteria

translation 翻译标准多元互补论

辜正坤教授在全国首届翻译理论研讨会上提出 辜正坤教授在全国首届翻译理论研讨会上提出 翻译

标准多元互补论” 了“翻译标准多元互补论”。 1.“翻译标准是多元的而非一元的。” 2.“翻译标准既是多元的，又是一个有机的 然而变动不居的标准系统。在这个系统中，最 高标准是最佳近似度。最佳近似度是一个形同 虚设的抽象标准，真正有实际意义的是一大群 具体标准。” 3.“具体标准中又有主标准和次标准的区 别。” 4.“多元翻译标准是互补的。”

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Part two Principles and Criteria of Translation for beginners of translation 1. faithfulness/accuracy 2. smoothness/fluency

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By faithfulness/accuracy, we mean being faithful not only to the original contents, to the original meaning and views, but also to the original style. By smoothness, we mean not only easy and readable rendering, but also idiomatic expression in the target language.

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外国学者及翻译家的学说

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外国学者及翻译家的学说

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外国学者及翻译家的学说

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Practice Jane doesn’t work hard because she wants to earn money . 因为简想赚钱，所以才不卖力。 简不是因为想赚钱才卖力干的。(T)

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The president stands here ,hat in hands , begging congress for their votes . 总统手里拿着礼帽站在那里，乞求着国 会投他的票。 总统立在那里，毕恭毕敬地请求国会投 他赞成票。(T)

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爱就是只要别人幸福快乐，我们就能 幸福快乐！ TO love is to place our happiness in the happiness of another .

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1.To sum up, the commonest criteria in translation are faithfulness and smoothness. 2.We must respect the original contents and style of the work. 3.The version must be clear and distinct, and avoid to use the jerky style of writing, make sure other people can understand it at ease.