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初中英语八种时态归纳复习

发布时间:2021-06-05   来源:未知    
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初中英语八种时态归纳复习

一、一般现在时:

概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.

基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词

否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。

二、一般过去时:

概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词

否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。

三、现在进行时:

概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.

基本结构:am/is/are+doing

否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.

一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。

四、过去进行时:

概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

基本结构:was/were+doing

否定形式:was/were + not + doing.

一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。

五、现在完成时:

概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.

基本结构:have/has + done

否定形式:have/has + not +d one.

一般疑问句:have或has。

六、过去完成时:

概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。

时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.

基本结构:had + done.

否定形式:had + not + done.

一般疑问句:had放于句首。

七、一般将来时:

概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.

否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。

八、过去将来时:

概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。

时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

基本结构:①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.

否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.

一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should提到句首。

冠词基本用法速记口诀:

名词是秃子,常要戴帽子,

可数名词单,须用a或an,

辅音前用a,an在元音前,

若为特指时,则须用定冠,

复数不可数,泛指the不见,

碰到代词时,冠词均不现。

【妙语诠释】冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一,也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有:①名词在一般情况下不单用,常常要和冠词连用;② 表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an,确指时要用定冠词the;③如复数名词表示泛指,名词前有this,these,my,some等时就不用冠词

定冠词:

特指双熟悉

上文已提及

世上独无二

叙述最高级

某些专有名

习语和乐器

记忆定冠词的一些用法:

特指、重提和唯一,岛屿,海峡和海湾;海洋,党派最高级,沙漠,河流与群山;方位、顺序和乐器,年代,团体与机关;船名,建筑和组织,会议,条约与报刊;姓氏复数,国全名,请你记住用定冠。

下列情况免冠词:

代词限定名词前

专有名词不可数

学科球类三餐饭

两季星期月份前

颜色语种和国名

称呼习语和头衔

谓语be的用法:

我用am,你用are

除此之外的单数

包括他她还有它

统统都是用is

我们你们和他们

只要复数都用are

一般疑问句和否定句的变化:

一般问句并不难,

谓语调到主语前。

大写小写有变化,

句末要把问号加。

第一人称常变二。

否定句就更简单,

中间加上一not,

谓语动词提到前。

现在进行时很好记

结构be+动词ing。

be由主语来决定,

句中常用标志词,

now,look,listen!

一般现在时:

肯定句的现在式。

不是三单用原形,

是三单就加s,es,

若是否定疑问句,

没有be就加个do,

碰到三单加does。

如把does加在前,

动词就要还原形。

一般过去时:

肯定句的过去式。

规则动词加ed,

不规则的必须记。

否定形式疑问句,

没有be加did。

如把did加在前,

动词也要还原形。

特殊的形容词、副词的比较级、最高级:

一分为二有两个,

一是远来一是老。

合二为一共三对,

坏病两多并两好。

还有一词双意含,

只译少来不译小。

比较等级的运用:

原级用在as…as间,

比较级用在than前。

and连接两个比较级,

说明“越来越怎样”。

三者以上最高级,

副词前可不加the。

still,even,和much,

比较级前“更怎样”。

还有alot和alittle,

也常修饰比较级。

英语中有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to

其口诀是:

一感二听三让四观看。

一感:feel

二听:hear、listen to

三让:let、have、make

四观看:observe、see、watch、look at

分开“一段时间”,some time表示“一段时间”;

相聚“在某一时”,sometime表示“在某一时”;

“有时”相聚加s, sometimes表示“有时,不时”;

“几次”分开带s, some times表示“几次,次数”。

时间名词前所用介词的速记歌

年月周前要用in,日子前面却不行。

遇到几号要用on,上午下午又是in。 要说某日上下午,用on换in才能行。

午夜黄昏须用at,黎明用它也不错。

at也用在明分前,说“差”可要用上to,

说“过”只用past,多说多练牢牢记, 莫让岁月空蹉跎

1. 依我的看法,这份工作很值得为之努力。

In my opinion, the job is well worth efforts. (be worth doing).

2. 许多人不愿意离开自己出生和长大的地方。

Many people are not willing to leave where they were born and raised.

3. 你可以免费从因特网上下载尽可能多的信息。

You can download from the Internet as much information as you need free of charge.

4. 当今世界,英语是决定能否有更加光明的前途的关键。

In today’s world, English holds the key to a brighter future.

5. 确保青少年健康成长是每一个人的责任。

It’s everyone’s responsibility to ensure teenager’s health growth.

6. 他建议我们可以互发电子邮件,以保持联系。

He suggested that we should keep in touch with others by E-mail.

7. 跟他说这么多没有意义,他不会在乎的。

There is no point talking so much with him, he will not care about it.

8. 已证明,手术是治疗心脏病患者最有效的方法之一。

It has been proved that operation is one of the most effective way to treat heart disease patients.

9. 石油价格的飞速上涨对世界经济产生了很大的影响。

The price of oil went up rapidly, which has a great affect on the world economy.

10. 据预测,总有一天人类将生活在月球上。

It is predicted that man will live on the moon one day.

11. 这个数据是以很多科学研究为基础的。

The data based on many scientific researches.

12. 除了课本,学生应该在业余时间多看各类书籍。

Apart from text books, students should read a variety of books in their spare time.

13. 中国政府致力于提高人民生活质量。

The Chinese Government is dedicated to improving the quality of people’s life.

14. 阅读英文报纸是扩大词汇量的好办法。

Reading English newspaper is a good way to enlarge your vocabulary.

15. 市民捐赠了几百吨的衣物去帮助遭受地震的人们。

The citizens helped people who had suffer from the earthquake by means of donating hundreds of tons of clothes.

16. 我们成功效率很高。

Our success rate is very high.

17. 如果你看到有人在偷东西,你会怎么做呢。

If you saw someone staling, what will you do? (see sb doing).

18. 她交叉双臂,看起来很生气。

She crossed her arms, looking very angry.

19. 我的意思是,我对现在的工作很满意。

What I’m getting at is that I’m satisfied with my present job.

20. 昨晚一定下过雨了,因为今天早上地面是湿的。

It must have rained last night for the ground is wet this morning.

同位语从句

1. 同位语从句:whether

whether可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用whether作为引导词。

He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.

他还没有做出决定是否去那里。

I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.

他是否适合这件工作我有点怀疑。

2. 同位语从句:that

些名词的后面可以接that引导的同位语从句:

We came to the decision that we must act at once. 我们做出决定:我们必须立即行动。

He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone. 他提议会议延期。

There was little hope that he would survive. 他幸存的希望很小。

在非正式语体中that可以省略。

以下名词常用于以上句型:

advice, announcement, argument, belief, claim, conclusion, decision, evidence, explanation, fact, feeling, hope, idea, impression,

information, knowledge, message, news, opinion, order, probability, promise, proposal, remark, reply, report, saying, statement,

suggestion, thought, treat, warning, wish, word

3. 同位语从句:what

what可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用what作为引导词

I have no idea what he is doing now. 我不知道他现在在干什么。

4. 同位语从句:how

how可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用how作为引导词

It’s a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。

5. 同位语从句:who等

who, whom, which, when, where, why用来引导同位语从句

The question who should do the work requires consideration.

谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。

She raised the question where we could get the fund.

她提出这个问题:我们到哪儿去搞这笔资金。

6. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别

1) 同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系;而定语从句是用来修饰先行词,是从属的关系。

2) that在同位语从句中没有词义,不充当句子成分;而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。

3) whether, what, how可以用来引导同位语从句;而它们不能用来引导定语从句。

4) 1. 从词义角度看问题

who, whom, which, when, where, why用来引导同位语从句是保持原来疑问词的含义;它们用来引导定语从句时,不具有疑问词的含义。

2.从搭配角度看问题

who, whom, which, when, where, why用来引导定语从句时对应性很强,如:先行词是“人”,引导词用“who”等,而它们引导同位语从句是先行词通常是“question, idea, doubt等”。

不用冠词的场合

1、专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名前一般不用冠词。

China, Johnson;

Air is matter.

Sound is invisible.

2、当名词已被指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格限制时。

This book is good.

I read my English book every day.

3、注:指示代词和物主代词亦不能并用。

*my that book, 应该说:that book of mine.

街名、广场名、公园名前。

Wall Street. Tian’anmen Square, Hyde Park.

4、省市、大学名前。

Hubei Province (但the Province of Hubei); Wuhan City(但the City of Wuhan); Qinghua University(但:the University of Qinghua)

5、湖泊前一般不用冠词。

East Lake, Salt Lake, Dongting Lake

6、山峰前不用冠词。

Mount Hua, Mount Tai, Mount Everest

7、月份、星期、节日、三餐饭的名词前。

March, Christmas, Sunday;

Have you had lunch?

Spring is the best season of the years.

(但月份或季节被限定则须冠词。I arrived here in the winter of 1993.)

8、称呼语,表示头街或职务作宾补或同位语的名词。

What’s this, John?

We made Li Hai monitor.

9、学科名、球类、棋类名词六前。

We like maths.

They often play football.

10、泛指的复数名词前。

Students must work hard at their lesson.

11、与by连用的交通工具或表示方式、手段的名词前。

by bus, by hand, by radio, by air, by water.

定冠词的用法

1、表特定的或上文提到的人或物。

The boy likes the film. Shut the door, please.

The old poor peasant has a son.

The son is a model worker.

2、表示世界上独一无二的东西。

the earth, the moon, the stars, the sun(但space前不用)

3、用在序数词、形容词或副词最高级前。

the second, the tallest, the last, the first.

4、用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派或组织机构等的专有名词前。

the United States; the People’s Republic of China; the Communist Party of China; the Chinese People’s Liberation Army; the No. 15 Middle School; the department of Education.

5、用在某些建筑物名称前。

The Great Hall of the People; the Monument to the People’s Heroes; the Great Wall; the Capital Theatre; the Space Museum; the Peace Hotel。

6、用在江河海洋,山脉群岛,海峡海湾等专有名词前。

The Changjiang River, the Red Sea, the Dabie Mountains, the English Channel, the Taiwan Straits, the Persian Gulf。

7、用在报纸、会议、条约等专有名词前。

the People’s Daily(但:China Daily) the New York Times, the 15th Party Congress, the Geneva Agreement

8、用在方位名词前,某些习惯短语中或结构搭配中。

on the left, in the east, in the morning, on the other hand, in the end, hit sb on the head, catch sb by the arm

9、用在形容词前表一类人。

the poor, the dead, the young, the rich, the wounded.

10、用在双方都知,不言而喻的名词前。

Give me the book. Who’s the man?

用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妇二人。

the Smiths, the Greens, the Wangs, the Turners

11、用在单数可数名词前泛指某类人或物(指整个一类)。

The horse is a useful animal.

The computer was invaded not long ago. (但更多时候表特指:The horse is ill. )

12、指世纪的年代。

in the 1890’s或in the 1890s

13、用在表示乐器的名词前。

play the piano (the guitar, the violin, the flute)

14、用在某国语言前,构成the … language的形式。

The English language is very widely used all over the world.

如果单用国家变来的语言名词形式,则不用the。

Chinese has the largest number of speakers in the world.

15、用于“论(或按)……计”之类的意思。

He got paid by the hour.

They sell the cloth by the meter.

初中英语句子成分

句子成分是 组成句子的各个部分。它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。

具体分析:

1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如:

The car is running fast.(名词)

We are students.(代词)

One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)

It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)

Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)

【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。

2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如:

He works in a factory.(实义动词)

I felt cold.(系动词+表语)

How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)

Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)

They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)

【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。

3.宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象,一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如:

He is doing his homework.(名词)

They did nothing this morning.(代词)

She wants to go home.(不定式)

We enjoy playing football.(动名词)

【注意】

①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有:give,buy,lend,pass, tell,leave等。如:

He bought me(间接宾语) a book.(直接宾语)

Pass me (间接宾语)the ball(直接宾语),will you?(间宾+直宾)

直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如:

Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)

Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)

②有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词。这类动词有:want,wish, hope,promise,decide,agree, choose,care等。如:

I hope to see you again.

③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语,而不用不定式。这类动词有:enjoy,finish,mind,practise,miss, suggest,keep(on)等。如:

Do you mind my opening the window?

④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。

a) forget to do sth表示“未发生的动作”,

forget doing sth表示“已完成的动作”。如:

Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)

I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)

b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下原来的事,去做另一件事”,

stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如:

I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。)

The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。)

4.定语:用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如:

What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词)

She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)

There are two students in the classroom.(数词)

We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)

The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)

【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语,则放在后面。

5.状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或从句放在句首或句末。如:

Thank you very much.(副词)

I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)

He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)

We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)

【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如:

He is old enough to go to school.

6.表语:用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become, smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等。如:

They are workers.(名词)

Two and three is five.(数词)

The story is very interesting.(形容词)

M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)

She is at home.(介词短语)

I feel terrible.(形容词)

The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)

7.宾语补足语:用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有:tell,let,help,teach, ask,see,have,order,make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如:

We elected him monitor.(名词)

I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)

The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)

He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词)

They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)

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