第47卷第13期 2011年7月
机 械 工 程 学 报
JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Vol.47 No.13 Jul. 2011
DOI:10.3901/JME.2011.13.098
基于叶尖定时的旋转机械叶片振动信号重建
李孟麟 段发阶 欧阳涛 叶德超
(天津大学精密测试技术及仪器国家重点实验室 天津 300072)
*
摘要:基于叶尖定时原理采集的旋转机械叶片振动信号是离散的欠采样信号,利用插值法对其重建的时域信号能反映叶片振动峰值等参数特征,为故障诊断提供依据。通过分析简谐振动的数学模型和信号采样及重构定理,提出在匀转速下利用若干均匀安装在机匣上的叶尖定时传感器采集叶片振动信息进行振动位移信号重建的新方法。利用高阶B样条函数构建的插值核函数具有快速收敛的特点,在减小信号截断误差的同时降低了算法复杂度,利于工程应用。介绍信号重建误差的来源,其测量精度对转速稳定性有较高要求,通过计算机仿真和模拟振动平台气激试验分析该方法性能,验证其在实践中的有效性。 关键词:叶尖定时 叶片振动 欠采样 信号重建 插值 中图分类号:TK14 V248
Reconstruction of the Blade Vibration Signal from Rotating Machinery
Based on Blade Tip-timing Measurement
LI Menglin DUAN Fajie OUYANG Tao YE Dechao
(State Key Lab of Precision Measuring Technology&Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072)
Abstract:The non-contact measurement vibration signals obtained by blade tip-timing sensor mounted on the machinery case are discrete undersampling signals. A method for the reconstruction of rotating blade vibration signal with interpolation technique at even speed is presented. The reconstructive signal is helpful for the identification of the blades vibration amplitude which is one of the features for rotating assemblies fault diagnosis. With the analysis of signal’s sampling and reconstruction model, the reconstruction is based on a finite number of samples by timelimited kernels which are constructed with the involvement of B-splines. The reconstruction has lower truncation error and less calculation as a result of the rapid constringency of higher-order B-splines. The simulation shows that the precision of signal reconstruction is highly dependent on the stability of sampling rate, which is related with the rotation rate. Gas excitation experimentation on the blade vibration test bed is introduced to test and verify the performance of this method in practice.
Key words:Blade tip-timing Blade vibration Undersampling Signal reconstruction Interpolation
0 前言
旋转机械的叶片振动监测对航空发动机、涡轮机、电站发电机组及各种轴流式压气机的安全运行至关重要。基于叶尖定时原理[1-3]的非接触旋转叶片测振技术克服了传统应变片法安装复杂、可靠性低、寿命短等缺点,广泛应用于叶片与转子模态分析、状态监测、故障诊断及预测等领域。
叶尖定时测振是将振动叶片相对于传感器的* 国家自然科学基金(50375110)和教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划 (NECT)资助项目。20100908收到初稿,20110510收到修改稿
到达时间序列{t}进行处理,得到叶片同步共振、异步颤振等的参数信息。然而,根据旋转机械的结构要求,在机壳上安装叶尖定时传感器的数量和位置都有限制,叶尖定时测振方法很难满足Nyquist采样定理,属于一种严重的欠采样,而对叶片及转子系统振动模态识别和振动分析则要求采用非混迭采样信号[4-6]。目前采用的基于叶尖定时原理的叶片振动参数辨识方法可准确辨识频率参数[7-11] ,对于位移参数只能确定采样时刻的瞬时值,文献[10-11]介绍了利用振动相位测量振幅的方法,文献[5-6, 12]提出了利用插值法重建相关欠采样信号时域波形,但并未介绍具体步骤也未验证其实际噪声性能。本