2010年12月英语四级真题及答案(含解析)(8)

57. By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ________.

［A］ university researchers know little about the commercial world

［B］ there is little exchange between industry and academia

［C］ few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university

［D］ few university professors are willing to do industrial research

58. The word “deterrent” (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that ________.

［A］ keeps someone from taking action ［C］ attracts people’s attention

［B］ helps to move the traffic ［D］ brings someone a financial burden

59. What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?

［A］ Flexible work hours. ［C］ Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.

［B］ Her research interests. ［D］ Prospects of academic accomplishments.

60. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.

［A］ do financially more rewarding work

［B］ raise his status in the academic world

［C］ enrich his experience in medical research

［D］ exploit better intellectual opportunities

61. What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?

［A］ Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market

［B］ Develop its students’ potential in research.

［C］ Help it to obtain financial support from industry.

［D］ Gear its research towards practical applications.

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers (鳏夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.

Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.

So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.