高中英语语法：被动语态 讲解与练习

高中语法：被动语态

Ⅰ. 含义与构成

1. 被动语态表示句中的主语接受谓语动作，也就是说，主语是谓语动作的承受者。谓语动词用作被动语态的句子叫做被动句。

2. 构成：be + 过去分词（be有时可用become 或get代替）

Be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。

3. 被动语态的各种时态形式有：

★ 一般时态：be + 过去分词

English is spoken in many countries.

Romeo and Juliet was written by Shakespeare.

Many believe that one day the earth will be destroyed if people do not learn to live

in peace.

★ 进行时态：be + being + 过去分词

His plan is being carried out successfully.

The new curtains were being hung when the visitors showed up.

The car will be being cleaned by my brother.

★ 完成时态：have + been + 过去分词

I’ve been robbed.

The outcome of the election was announced before all of the votes had been counted.

Everything will have been done by the end of this month.

【练一练】

1. (2010 湖南) This coastal area _________ a national wildlife reserve last year.

A. was named B. named C. is named D. names

2. (2010 全国1) The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune

_________.

A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had

made

3. (2010 上海) The church tower which _________ will be open to tourists soon. The work is

almost finished.

A. has restored B. has been restored

C. is restoring D. is being restored

4. (2010 北京) In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the

words _________.

A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have

dropped

5. (2010 陕西) It is reported that many a new house _________ at present in the disaster area.

A. are being built B. were being built

C. was being built D. is being built

6. (2010 福建) Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money –making jobs

they _________ before they leaving their hometowns.

A. promised B. were promised

C. have promised D. have been promised

7. (2010 天津) Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _________ at the culture

show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.

A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting

C. are being exhibiting D. is being exhibiting

8. (2010 四川) You’ve failed to do what you _________ to and I’m afraid the teacher will

blame you.

A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were

expected

Ⅱ. 用法

1. 要用到被动语态的情况

1） 强调动作的承受者：

Frank was hit by a car.

A new idea has been suggested.

2） 说话者不知道动作的执行者，或者认为没有必要指出：

This bridge was built in 1700.

The house is being repaired.

3） 说话者希望所说的内容显得更加客观，避免就一些自己不太肯定的事表态：

此类通常为表示\"据说\"或\"相信\" 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare,

expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成，如： It is said that…

据说；It is reported that… 据报道；It is believed that… 大家相信；It is hoped

that… 大家希望； It is well known that… 众所周知

It is said that Japan’s industrial progress after the war was very remarkable.

4） 在文章标题、广告、新闻中

Waitress wanted.

Millions of pounds’ worth of damage has been caused by a storm which swept across

the north of England last night.

2. 感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前

要加"to"：

The teacher made me go out of the classroom.

--> I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）.

We saw him play football on the playground.

--> He was seen to play football on the playground.

3. 情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be +过去分词，

Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 煤可以产生工农业

需要的电。

4. 短语动词的被动语态：短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：

My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.

Such a thing has never been heard of before.

5. 主动形式表被动意义

1） 系动词look. Sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, seem… + adj. / n. 构

成系表结构:

The steel feels cold.

His plan proved (to be) practical.

2） 表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut

等：

Work began at 7o’clock this morning.

The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day.

3） 表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如read, write, act, iron, cut, drive, sell, wash,

clean等。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语：

This coat dries/ washes/ irons easily.

The book sells well.

This novel reads well. .

4） blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等:

I was to blame for the accident.

Much work remains.

5） 在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve + V-ing 表示被动：

The door needs repairing. = The door needs to be repaired.

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