4.5《新编英语语法教程》_4-5讲ppt

Lecture 4

Noun and Noun Phrasep.p. 39--52

IntroductionThe noun phrase is a phrase with a noun as its head. It is the noun head that determines the way the noun phrase is organized.名词词组的结构 (限定词)+(前置修饰语)+ 名词 +(后置修饰语) a most lovely little boy in red at play a most lovely little boy living next door a most lovely little boy whose mother is a doctor

I. Classification of nouns and function of noun phrases1. Classification on nouns (p. 39)

类 别按 构 词 法 按 词 汇 意 义普 通 名 词 简单名词 复合名词 派生名词 个体名词 集体名词 物质名词 抽象名词 专有名词

定

义

例

词

包含一个自由词素的名词 由两个或两个以上自由词 素合成的名词 由动词、形容词、简单 名词+词缀构成的名词 表示同一类人或物，以及 抽象概念的名词

man, chair, land, ship armchair, farmland, seaside, roommate arrangement, expectation, ability, greatness boy, house, tiger family, team, cattle, police air, snow, bread, rice glory, honesty, education

表示人、国家、地方、机 Ander, China, The People’s Congress, the New York 构、组织等的专有名称Times, the Democratic Party

按语 法特 征

可数名词

单数式复数式

可以计数的个体名词和集 体名词，称为可数名词物质名词、抽象名词、和 专有名词通常是不可计数 的名词

a car, a familytwo cars, many families sand, water, coffee, failure, knowledge

不可数名词

个体名词 可数名词

普通名词

集体名词物质名词 不可数名词

抽象名词专有名词

2. Function of noun phrases

(p. 40)

(1)主语 Children at play seldom remember what time it is. (2) 主语补足语 That was an attractive little black chair. My grandfather died a martyr to his revolutionary ideal. (3)宾语 They gave him a first-rate education. (4)宾语补足语 They elected him chairman of the board. (5) 同位语 Mr Brown, director of the coal mine, should be responsible for the accident. (6)介词宾语/介词补足成分 Within the house nothing stirs. In the garden I can hear the singing of birds. I can hear the rustle of their wings. (7)状语或引导时间状语分句 He returned last night. A photo is taken each time ( = whenever ) this button is pushed.

Do Ex. 4 A: 1, 2, 3 Key to Ex. 4 A 1. description 4. peculiarity 7. dependence 10. measurement 13. extension 16. entrance 19. happiness

2. arrangement 5. expectation 8. originality 11. purity 14. statement 17. loneliness 20. seriousness

3. attendance 6. argument 9. exaggeration 12. persistence 15. generosity 18. forgetfulness

II. Number forms of nouns1. Regular and irregular plural a) Regular plural (p.p. 42-44) b) Irregular plural (p.p. 44-45) 2. Number forms of the collective, material, abstract and proper noun a) Number forms of the collective (1)不能计数的集体名词：若要计数，须使用在语义上与

之对应的 个体名词。例如： p. 46 集体名词 个体名词 poetry poem machinery machine clothing garment, coat, etc . . . . (2)可以计数的集体名词：有单、复数形式和单复数意义；将其视为 一个整体时，用作单数；强调构成集体的成员时，用作复数。 例如： p. 46 中页

b) Number forms of the material 例如： (p. 46中页)不可计数 sand 沙 water 水 food 食物 coffee 咖啡 rubber 橡胶 stone 石头 egg 蛋渍 lamb 羔羊肉 onion 洋葱味 可以复数形式出现 sands 大面积的沙滩 waters 大面积的水域 foods 多种食品 two coffees 两杯咖啡 rubbers 胶鞋 stones 多块石头 eggs 多个鸡蛋 lambs 多只羔羊 onions 多个洋葱头

c) Number forms of the abstract

单 数 式大多数抽象名 honesty 词是不可数的 knowledge少数是可数的 victory conference difficulty opinion

复 数 式无victories conferences difficulties opinions

还有一些的单 sympathy 同情(心),怜悯 sympathies 同情(心),怜悯；慰问 复数式含义不 p. 46 S3, 2, 1 p. 46 S1, 2; p.47 S1 同 experience 经验 experiences 经历 relation [u] 关系 [c] 亲戚 relations 亲戚 youth [u] 青春，青年(时期) [c] 少年，小伙子 youths 男青年，小伙子 worry [u] 担心，忧愁，烦恼 [c] 令人担心、发愁的事 worries

单 数 式

复 数 式

还有一些的单 distraction [u] 心绪烦乱， 复数式含义不 心不在焉 同 [c] 使人心绪烦乱的事, I study in the library as there 令人分心的事 are too many distractions business [u] 商业，交易， at home. 生意，业务 They don’t know how to run a [c] 商店，商行，公 business.司，商业机构

kindness [u] 仁慈，善意，好意 It would be doing him a kind[c] 善行 ness to tell him the truth. laugh [c] 笑，笑声 有些抽象名词 (见p. 47 正中下方) 本身无复数式， laughter [u] 笑，笑声 “What a mess!” she said, 若要计数，就 with a laugh. He joined in the laughter. 得使用语义上 He looked shocked, then This scene gets one of the 与之对应的个 biggest laughs in the burst into laughter. 体名词 movie.

d) Number forms of the proper noun (p. 47 para. 1) A. 专有名词一般没有复数形式，除非词本身带有复数词缀。例如： the United States, the Philippines, the NetherlandsB. 专有名词以复数式出现时，普通名词化，表示某姓的一家人, 如 S1, p. 48 Have you invited the Browns? 或表示同姓或同名的若干人，如 S2 p. 48 There are two Miss Smiths/Misses Smith in the class. Do Ex. 4 B: 3, 5, 6, 2, 15, 20, 9, 11-10 p. 48

Key to Ex. 4 B: 1. strange sounds 2. foods are 3. chief, tribes, their, salmon (s) 4. The runners-up were given pound notes / The runners-up were each given a pound note. 5. bodies, their heroes 6. mice, tooth-marks 7. Crises …… 此处隐藏：3910字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……