计算机科学引论(2008)影印版课后答案

搜罗好久,终于找到比那些全的了。

Chapter 1

Crssword Puzzle 1. people 2. end user 3. procedures 4. document file 5. device driver 6. database files 7. operation system 8. hardware 9. Internet 10. modem 11. software 12. information 13. data

14. tablet PC Multiple Choice 1. b 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. d 6. d 7. a 8. c 9. d 10. d Matching: 1----e 2----f 3----i 4----h 5---a 6----c 7---g 8---b 9---d 10—j

Open-ended

1. An information system has five parts: people, procedures, software, hardware and data.

People: Are end users who use computer to make themselves more productive. Procedures: Specify rules or guidelines for computer operations. Software: Provides step-by-step instructions for computer hardware.

搜罗好久,终于找到比那些全的了。

Hardware: Processes the data to create information.

Data: Consist of unprocessed facts including text, numbers, image and sounds. People are the most important part of any information system.

2. System software helps the computer manage its own internal resources. It includes three kinds

of programs: operating systems, utilities and device drivers programs.

3. Basic applications are the kinds of programs to be considered computer competent.

Specialized applications are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations. Basic applications have some types, such as browser, word processor, spreadsheet ,and so on. Also specialized applications have many types, some of the best known are graphics, audio and video, multimedia, Web authoring ,and artificial intelligence programs.

4. There are four types of computers: supercomputers, mainframe computers, minicomputers,

and microcomputers.

Supercomputers are the most powerful type of computer.

Mainframe computers occupy specially wired, air-conditioned rooms, they are capable of great processing speeds and data storage.

Minicomputers are refrigerator sized machines.

Microcomputers are the least powerful, yet the most widely used and fastest-growing, type of computer.

Microcomputers are the most common type of computers.

There are four types of microcomputers: Desktop computers, Notebook computers, Handheld computers and PDA.

5. Connectivity is the capability of you microcomputer to share the information with other

computers.

Wireless revolution dramatically affect connectivity.

A computer network is a communications system connecting two or more computers. Internet is the largest network in the world.

The Web provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on the Internet.

Chapter2

Crossword Puzzle: 1. hits 2. ISP 3. spam 4. applets

5. surf, search engine 6. URL 7. ftp 8. carder 9. attachment 10. B2B

搜罗好久,终于找到比那些全的了。

11. Browser 12. filter 13. link

14. downloading, DSL Multiple Choice: 1. d 2. a 3. c 4. c 5. a 6. a 7. a 8. a 9. d 10. b Matching: 1----i 2----d 3----g 4----e 5---f 6----c 7---h 8---j 9---a 10—b

Open-Ended

1. The most common uses of the Internet are the following: communicating, shopping, searching,

entertainment, education, and so on. I have participated in almost all of them. I think communicating is the most popular.

2. The two most common types of providers are National and wireless.

National service providers provide access through standard telephone connections.

Wireless service providers provide Internet connections for computers with wireless modems and a wide array of wireless devices.

3. A typical e-mail message has three basic elements: header, message and signature.

4. Social networking is the grouping of individuals into specific groups. There are three basic categories of social networking sites: reuniting, friend-of-a-friend and common interest

Reuniting sites are designed to connect people who have known one another but have lost touch.

Friend-of-a-friend sites are designed to bring together two people who do not know one another but share a common friend.

Common interest sites bring together individuals that share common interests or hobbies.

5. There are three types of search engines: crawler-based search engines, metasearch engines and specialized search engines

搜罗好久,终于找到比那些全的了。

Crawler-based search engines, such as Google, create their listings automatically.

Metasearch engines are programs that automatically submit your search request to several engines simultaneously. The metasearch engines receives the results, eliminates duplicates, orders the hits, and then provides the edited list to you .one of the best known is Dogpile.

Specialized search engines focus on subject-specific Web sites. such as Environment.

Chapter 3

Crossword Puzzle 1. menu 2. worksheet 3. table 4. window 5. DBMS 6. master slide 7. dialog box 8. software suite 9. word wrap 10. sort 11. cell 12. range 13. column 14. database 15. toolbar 16. document 17. slides 18. query

Multiple Choice 1. d 2. c 3. b 4. d 5. d 6. a 7. b 8. b 9. c 10. b Matching 1. j 2. a 3. c 4. h 5. b

搜罗好久,终于找到比那些全的了。

7. i 8. e 9. g 10. f

Open-Ended

1. General-purpose application are widely used in nearly every discipline and occupation. They

include word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems and presentation graphics.

Specialized application includes thousands of other programs that are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations.

2. Most applications use a GUI, use windows to display information, and have menus to present

commands.

3. A formula is an instruction to calculate or process. Functions are prewritten formulas. A

formula related to what-if analysis is called recalculation.

4. Presentation graphics are programs that combine a variety of visual objects to create attractive,

visually interesting presentation. People in a variety of setting and situations use presentation graphics programs to make their presentations more interesting and professional.

5. An integrated package is a single program that provides the functionality of a word processor,

spreadsheet, database manager, and more. The primary disadvantage of an integrated package is that the capabilities of each function are not as extensive as in the individual programs. The primary advantages are cost and simplicity.

A software suite is a collection of separate application programs bundled together and sold as a group. It is significantly less expensive to buy a suite of applications than to buy each application separately

Chapter 4

Crossword Puzzle 1. bitmap image 2. VRML 3. morphing 4. story board 5. interactivity 6. ACID

7. fuzzy logic 8. blog

9. web authoring 10. graphical map 11. pixels 12. link

13. vector image 14. AI 15. flash

Multiple Choice

搜罗好久,终于找到比那些全的了。

2. a 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. c 8. b 9. a 10. b Matching 1. i 2. g 3. d 4. e 5. c 6. f 7. h 8. b 9. j 10. a

Open-Ended

1. Graphics are widely used to analyze data and to create professional-looking presentations;

Desktop publishers focus on page design and layout and provide greater flexibility;

Image editors are programs for creating and editing bitmap images; Illustration programs are used to create and to edit vector images; Image galleries are libraries of electronic images. These images are used for a wide variety of applications from illustrating textbooks to providing visual interest to presentations;

Graphics suites are some companies combining their separate graphics programs in groups. 2. Audio editing software allows you to create and edit audio clips, most software allow you to

add audio effects to your tracks. Video editing software allows you to reorganize, add effects, and more to your digital video footage.

3. Multimedia is the integration of all sorts of media into one presentation. The creation of

interactive multimedia presentations follows several steps: Plan, Design, Create and Support. 4. Creating a site is called Web authoring. A web site design is an interactive multimedia form of

communication, designing a web site begins with determining the site’s overall content, the overall site design is commonly represented in a graphical map. More specialized and powerful programs, called Web authoring programs, are typically used to create sophisticated commercial sites.

5. The three areas of artificial intelligence are virtual reality, knowledge-based systems and

robotics. Virtual reality is an artificial, or simulated, reality generated in 3-D by a computer. Knowledge-based systems are a type of artificial intelligence that uses a database to provide assistance to users. Robotics is the field of study concerned with developing and using robots.

搜罗好久,终于找到比那些全的了。

Chapter 5

Crossword Puzzle 1. folder

2. network server 3. GUI

4. fragmented 5. backup, booting 6. warm boot 7. windows 8. utility suite 9. driver 10. icons 11. tracks 12. NOS

Multiple Choice 1. c 2. d 3. c 4. a 5. a 6. c 7. b 8. b 9. a 10. c Matching 1. j 2. d 3. f 4. b 5. g 6. h 7. a 8. e 9. i 10. c

Open-Ended

1. System software works with end users, application software, and computer hardware to

handle the majority of technical details. It consists of four types of programs: operating systems, utilities, device drivers and language translators.

2. The basic functions of every operating system are : managing computer resources, providing a

user interface, and running applications. The three basic operating system categories are: embedded, network and stand-alone.

搜罗好久,终于找到比那些全的了。

3. Windows is by far the most popular microcomputer operating system today. It comes in a

variety of different versions and is designed to run with Intel and Intel-compatible microprocessors. Mac OS is not nearly as widely used as the Windows operating system. It is a powerful, easy-to-use operating system that is popular with professional graphic designs, desktop publishers, and many home users. While Windows, the Mac OS are proprietary operating systems, Linux is not. It is open source software free and available from many sources, including the Web.

4. Utilities are specialized programs designed to make computing easier. The five most essential

utilities are: troubleshooting or diagnostic programs, antivirus programs, uninstall programs, backup programs and file compression programs. Utility suites combine several programs into one package.

5. A device driver works with the operating system to allow communication between the device

and the rest of the computer system. Each time the computer system is started, the operating system loads all of the device drivers into memory. Whenever a new device is added to a computer system, a new device driver must be installed before the device can be used.

Add Printer Wizard provides step-by-step guidance to select the appropriate printer driver and to install that driver. Windows uses Windows Update to make reinstalling or updating device drivers easily.

Chapter 6

Crossword Puzzle 1. system unit 2. microprocessor 3. bus width 4. memory 5. cable

6. plug and play 7. byte 8. cache 9. ASCII

10. system clock Multiple Choice 1. d 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. b 6. a 7. a 8. c 9. b 10. d Matching 1. j

搜罗好久,终于找到比那些全的了。

2. a 3. c 4. h 5. g 6. i 7. d 8. e 9. f 10. b

Open-Ended

1. There are four basic types of system units: Desktop system units, Notebook system units,

Tablet PC system units, and Handheld computer system units.

Desktop system units typically contain the system’s electronic components and selected secondary storage devices.

Notebook system units are portable and much smaller. They contain the electronic components, selected secondary storage devices, and input device.

Tablet PC system units are highly portable devices that support the use of a stylus or pen to input commands and data.

Handheld computer system units are the smallest and are designed to fit into the palm of one hand.

2. The two basic components are: the control unit and the arithmetic-logic unit.

Control unit tells the rest of the computer system how to carry out a program’s instructions. Arithmetic-logic unit performs two types of operations---arithmetic and logical. 3. There are three types of memory chips: RAM, ROM, and CMOS.

RAM chips hold the program and data that the CPU is presently processing, everything in most types of RAM is lost as soon as the microcomputer is turned off or a power failure.

ROM chips have programs built into them at the factory. ROM chips are not volatile and cannot be changed by the user.

CMOS chip provides flexibility and expandability for a computer system. It contains essential information that is required every time the computer system is turned on. It is powered by a battery and does not lose its contents when the power is turned. Its contents can be changed to reflect changes in the computer system.

4. Five expansion cards are: graphics cards, sound cards, modem cards, NIC and TV tuner cards.

Graphics cards connect the system board to the computer’s monitor, they convert the internal electronic signals to video signals so they can be displayed on the monitor.

Sound cards accept audio input from a microphone and convert it into a form that can be processed by the computer. They also convert internal electronic signals to audio signals.

Modem cards allow distant computers to communicate with one another by converting electronic signals from within the system unit into electronic signals that can travel over telephone lines and other types of connections.

NIC are used to connect a computer to one or more other computers.

TV tuner cards can changes the TV signal into one that can be displayed on you monitor.

5. Four standard ports are: serial ports, parallel ports, universal serial bus ports and FireWire

ports.

搜罗好久,终于找到比那些全的了。

Serial ports are often used to connect a mouse, keyboard, modem, and many other devices to the system unit.

Parallel ports are used to connect external devices that need to send or receive a lot of data over a short distance.

USB ports are gradually replacing serial and parallel ports.

FireWire ports provide connections to specialized FireWire devices.

Chapter 7

Crossword Puzzle 1. dot pitch 2. keyboard 3. wheel button 4. mechanical 5. dumb 6. OMR

7. refresh rate 8. dpi

9. webcam

10. digital camera 11. toggle 12. printer 13. joystick 14. HDTV 15. UPC 16. pixel 17. flexible Multiple Choice 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. d 6. a 7. d 8. c 9. d 10. b Mathing 1. i 2. e 3. f 4. j 5. a

搜罗好久,终于找到比那些全的了。

6. b 7. g 8. d 9. c 10. h

Open-Ended

1. Input is any data or instructions that are used by a computer. Input devices are hardware used

to translate what people understand into a form that computers can process.

2. ①There are a widely of different pointing devices including the mouse, joystick, touch screen,

light pen, and stylus.

A mouse controls a pointer that is displayed on the monitor.

A joystick is the most popular input device for computer games. You control game actions by varying the pressure, speed, and direction of the joystick.

A touch screen is a particular kind of monitor with a clear plastic outer layer. A light pen is a light-sensitive pen-like device.

A stylus acts with the computer through handwriting recognition software.

②There are three types of scanning devices: optical scanners, card readers, bar code readers, and character and mark recognition devices.

An optical scanner accepts documents consisting of text and/or images and converts them to machine readable form.

Card readers interpret encoded information.

Bar code readers are either handheld wand readers or platform scanners.

Character and mark recognition devices are scanners that are able to recognize special characters and marks.

③Image capturing devices include digital cameras and digital video cameras. Digital cameras capture still images. Digital video cameras capture motion. ④Audio input can take many forms including the human voice and music.

Voice recognition systems accept voice commands to control computer operations and to create document.

MIDI is a standard for connecting musical instruments to the system unit. 3. The most widely used output devices are monitors, printers and audio output.

Monitors present visual images of text and graphics.

Printers translate information that has been processed by the system unit and present the information on paper.

Audio output devices translate audio information from the computer into sounds that people can understand.

4. Output is processed data or information. Output devices are hardware used to translate

information that has been processed by the system unit into a form that humans can understands.

5. Devices combine features of input devices such as scanners with features of output devices

like printers are called combination input and output devices.

Combination devices include fax machines, multifunction devices, Internet telephones, and terminals.

A fax machine is a standard tool in nearly every office.

搜罗好久,终于找到比那些全的了。

Multifunction devices combine the capabilities of a scanner, printer, fax, and copying machine.

Internet telephones are specialized input and output devices for receiving and sending voice communication.

Terminals are input and output device that connect you to a mainframe or other type of computer.

Chapter 8

Crossword Puzzle 1. track 2. raid

3. access time 4. pits and lands 5. disk caching 6. online storage 7. sector 8. floppy 9. zip

10. cylinder 11. density Multiple Choice 1. a 2. a 3. c 4. a 5. c 6. a 7. c 8. d 9. d 10. c Matching 1. g 2. a 3. j 4. i 5. d 6. b 7. h 8. c 9. f 10. e

Open-Ended

1. The traditional floppy disk is the 1.44MB 3-inch disk. They have a thin exterior jacket made

搜罗好久,终于找到比那些全的了。

of hard plastic to protect the flexible disk inside.

The high capacity floppy disks are 3 inches in diameter. They are able to store more information, are thicker, and require special disk drives.

2. There are three types of hard disks: Internal hard disk, hard-disk cartridge, and hard-disk

pack.

Three ways to improve the performance of hard disks are disk caching, redundant arrays of inexpensive disks, and file compression/decompression.

Disk caching improves hard-disk performance by anticipating data needs.

Redundant arrays of inexpensive disks improve performance by expending external storage, improving access speed, and providing reliable storage.

File compression and file decompression increase storage capacity by reducing the amount of space required to store data and programs.

3. The two most common optical disc formats are CD and DVD. Hi def is the next generation of

optical discs.

①There are four basic types of CDs: read only, write once, rewritable, and Picture and Photo CDs.

Read only CDs cannot be written on or erased by the users, they are used to distribute large databases, references, and large software application packages.

Write once CDs can be written to once, they are used to archive data and to record music download from the Internet.

Rewritable CDs are similar to write once CDs except that the disks surface is not permanently altered when data is recorded.

Picture and Photo CDs use a special format developed by Eastman Kodak to store digital images.

②There are three types of DVDs: read only, write once, and rewriteable.

Read only DVDs can provide over two hours of very high-quality video and sound comparable to that found in motion picture theatres.

Write once DVDs are typically used to create permanent archives for large amounts of data and to record videos.

Rewriteable DVDs are competing rewriteable formats.

4. Solid-state storage does not have moving parts. Internet drives use the Internet to store data

and information. Magnetic tape provides sequential access for backup.

Solid-state storage is more expensive than the others, it is more reliable and requires less power.

Internet drives are low cost and the flexibility to access information from any location using the Internet. Access speed is slower.

Magnetic tapes provide slower sequential access. It is an effective and commonly used tool for backing up data.

5. Mass storage refers to the storage of large amounts of in a persisting and fashion. Enterprise storage systems are the systems designed for large-scale, high-technology environments of the modern storage Devices have been described as mass storage include systems,

搜罗好久,终于找到比那些全的了。

Chapter 9

Crossword Puzzle 1. client

2. bus network 3. network gateway 4. modulation 5. base station 6. packets 7. analog 8. GPS 9. topology 10. nic 11. bps

12. Bluetooth 13. node

14. bandwidth 15. dsl 16. hub

Multiple Choice 1. c 2. b 3. a 4. d 5. c 6. d 7. b 8. b 9. b 10. d Matching 1. g 2. b 3. a 4. i 5. h 6. e 7. c 8. j 9. d 10. f

Open-Ended

1. ①Connectivity is a concept related to using computer networks to link people and resources.

②The single most dramatic change in connectivity and communications in the past five years

搜罗好久,终于找到比那些全的了。

2.

3.

4.

5.

has been the widespread use of mobile or wireless telephones. This wireless technology allows individuals to stay connected with one another from almost anywhere at any time, the revolution is just beginning.

③Communication systems transmit data from one location to another. Every communication system has four basic elements: sending and receiving devices, communication channel, connection devices, and data transmission specifications.

①Physical connections use a solid medium to connect sending and receiving devices. These connections include telephone lines, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cables.

Telephone lines consist of twisted pair cable, they have been the standard transmission medium for years for both voice and data.

Coaxial cable replaces the multiple wires of telephone lines with a single solid-copper core. Fiber-optic cable transmits data as pulses of light through tiny tubes of glass. ②Wireless connections use the air to connect sending and receiving devices.

Primary technologies used for wireless connections are infrared, broadcast radio, microwave, and satellite.

Infrared uses infrared light waves to communicate over short distances.

Broadcast radio communication uses special sending and receiving towers called transceivers. Microwave communication uses high-frequency radio waves.

Satellite communication uses satellites orbiting about 22000 miles above the earth as microwave relay stations.

The standard protocol for the Internet is TCP/IP. The essential features of this protocol involve: identifying sending and receiving devices and reformatting information for transmission across the Internet.

Identification: Every computer on the Internet has a unique number address called an IP address, the Internet uses IP addresses to deliver e-mail and to locate Web sites.

Reformatting: Information sent or transmitted across the Internet usually travels through numerous interconnected networks. Before the massage is sent, it is reformatted or broken down into small parts called packets, at the receiving end, the packets are reassembled into the correct order.

The four principal network topologies are star, bus, ring, and hierarchical.

In a star network, a number of small computers or peripheral devices are linked to a central unit, all communications pass through this central unit.

In a bus network, each device in the network handles its own communication control. In a ring network, each device is connected to two other devices, forming a ring.

The hierarchical network consists of several computers linked to a central host computer, other computers are also hosts to other, smaller computers or to peripheral devices.

The most common network strategies are terminal, client/server, and peer-to-peer systems. ①In a terminal network system, processing power is centralized in one large computer. For the end user it is lack of control and flexibility.

②Client/server network system use one computer to coordinate and supply services to other nodes on the network. One advantage of the client/sever network strategy is the ability to handle very large networks efficiently. Another advantage is the ability of powerful network management software to monitor and control network activities. The major disadvantages are the cost of installation and maintenance.

搜罗好久,终于找到比那些全的了。

③In a peer-to-peer network system, nodes have equal authority and can act as both clients and servers. The networks are inexpensive and easy to install, and they usually work well for smaller systems with fewer than 10 nodes.

Chapter 10

Crossword Puzzle 1. cookie

2. surge protector 3. mal ware 4. ergonomics 5. cracker

6. keystroke logger 7. snoopware 8. hacker 9. history file Multiple Choice 1. a 2. a 3. d 4. b 5. a 6. c 7. d 8. c 9. b 10. d Matching 1. g 2. h 3. f 4. a 5. b 6. c 7. j 8. d 9. i 10. e

Open-Ended

1. Large databases raise some serious concerns on privacy: identity theft and mistaken identity.

The impact of private networks on privacy has the two parts: The first instance, of firms eavesdropping on employees, has inspired attempts at federal legislation. The second instance, in which online information services screen and reject messages, is a common activity with most commercial services.

The internet brings illusion of anonymity, the web creates a history file, your web activity is