)TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2011
—GRADEEIGHT—
:TIMELIMIT195MIN
ISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(35MIN)PARTI L
SECTIONA MINILECTURE
InthissectionyouwillhearaminilectureYouwillhearthelectureONCEONLYWhilelistenin g,takenotesontheimortantpointsYournoteswillnotbemarked,butouwillneedthemtocomleteapypaillintaskatertheminilectureWhenthelectureisover,ouwillbegiventwominutestocheckgpfgfyournotes,andanothertenminutestocomletetheaillintaskonANSWERSHEETONESomeoypgpfgf
s)oufillinis(are)boththeasmaeuireamaximumoHREEwordsMakesuretheword(gpyrqfTy
rammaticallndsemanticallccetableYoumaeertoyournoteswhilecomletinhetaskUsegyayapyrfpgttheblanksheetfornotetakingSECTIONBINTERVIEW
InthissectionyouwillheareverthinNCEONLYListencareullndthenanswertheuestions ygOfyaqthatollowMarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWOf
uestions1to5arebasedonaninterviewAttheendotheinterviewyouwillbeiven10secondsto QfganswereachohefollowinivequestionsNowlistentotheinterviewftgf
,?1AccordintoDrHarlewhatmakeslanuaelearninoredifficultafteracertainaegygggmg
[]A]Differencesbetweentwolanuaes [BDeclininaacittolearnsntaxgggcpyy[][CLackoftimeavailableD]Absenceofmotivation2WhatdoestheexamleofCzechseakersshow?pp
[A]Itsnaturalforlanuaelearnerstomakeerrorsgg[]BDifferencesbetweenlanuaescausedifficultggy[]CThereexistdifferencesbetweenEnlishandCzechg[D]Difficulttemsfromeitherdifferenceorsimilaritysy
?3WhichofthefollowinethodsdoesNOTadvocateseakingmpg
[[]A]ThetraditionalmethodBTheaudiolinualmethodg[][CTheimmersionmethodD]Thedirectmethod
?4Whichhothesisdealswiththeroleoflanuaeknowledeinthelearninrocessypggggp
[A]Theacuisitionandlearninistinctionhothesisqgdyp[]BThecomrehensibleinuthothesisppyp[]CThemonitorhothesisyp[D]Theactivefilterhothesisyp5WhichofthefollowintoicsisNOTdiscusseddurintheinterview?gpg
[A]Causesoflanuaelearninifficultiesgggd[]BDifferencesbetweenmothertonueandasecondlanuaeggg[]CTheoreticalconcetualizationofsecondlanuaelearninpggg[D]Pedaoicalimlementationofsecondlanuaeteachinggpggg
— 20111
SECTIONC NEWSBROADCAST
nthissectionyouwillheareverthinNCEONLYListencareullndthenanswertheuestions IygOfyaqthatollowMarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWOf
uestion6isbasedonthefollowinewsAttheendothenewsitem,ouwillbeiven10seconds Qgnfyg
toanswertheuestionNowlistentothenewsq
6WhichofthefollowintatementsisINCORRECT?gs
[A]GrehoundisBritainslarestbusandtrainoeratorygp[]BCurrentlrehoundroutesinBritainarelimitedyGy[]CThecoachstartsfromLondoneverouryh[D]Passenersareofferedavarietfservicesgyo
uestions7and8arebasedonthefollowinewsAttheendothenewsitem,ouwillbeiven20 QgnfygsecondstoanswertheuestionsNowlistentothenewsq
?7WhatdoesthenewsitemsaboutthefiresinGreeceya
[A]FiresonlccurredneartheGreekcaitalyop[]BFiresnearthecaitalcausedcasualtiesp[]CFiresnearthecaitalwerethebiestpgg[D]Firesnearthecaitalweresoonundercontrolp
,?whatmeasuredidauthoritiestaketofihtthefires8Accordintothenewsgg
[A]Residentswereaskedtovacatetheirhomes[]BTrooswerebrouhtintohelthefirefihterspgpg[]CAiroerationsandwaterdroscontinuedovernihtppg[D]Anothersixfireeninesoinedthefirefihtinerationgjggopuestions9and10arebasedonthefollowinewsAttheendothenewsitem,ouwillbegiven Qgnfy20secondstoanswertheuestionsNowlistentothenewsq
?9WhichofthefollowinisNOTmentionedasacauseofthecurrentdeclineintheMexicaneconomgy
[[]A]FeweroboortunitiesinMexicoBStrontieswiththeUSeconomjppgy[][CDeclineintourismD]Declineintaxrevenues10Droinremittancesfromabroadismainluetopyd
[[]A]declininilroductionBtheoutbreakoftheH1N1flugop[][CthedeclininDPinMexicoD]theeconomicdownturnintheUSgG
PARTIIEADINGCOMPREHENSION(30MIN) R
nthissectiontherearefourreadinassaesfollowedbtotalo0multilechoiceuestions Igpgyaf2pqReadthepassaesandthenmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWOg
TEXTA
,heneverwecouldJoanandItookrefueinthestreetsofGibraltarTheEnlishmanshomeishis Wgg
,,castlebecausehehasnotmuchchoiceThereisnowheretositinthestreetsofEnlandnotevenafterg
,,,twilihtinthepublicgardensTheclimateverftendoesnotevenpermithimtowalkoutsidegyo,NaturallhestasindoorsandcreatesacocoonofcomfortThatwasthewaelivedinLeedsyyyw
,,,,hesesouthernpeoleontheotherhandlookoutwardsTheGibraltarianhomeisticalla Tpypy
,,smallandcrowdedaartmentueveralflihtsofdarkanddirtstairsInitonetwooreventhreeoldppsgy
— 20112
,,chanedhisclothesembracedeoleshareafewilllitroomswiththeounfamilOncehehaseatengppygy
,,hiswifekissedhischildrenandhisparentsthereisnothinokeehesouthernmanathomeHegtpt,hurriesouttakinvenhisbreakfastcoffeeathislocalbarHecomeshomelateforhisafternoonmealge
,,afteranaetitivehourathiscaféHesleesforanhourdressesoesoutaainandstasoutuntillatepppggy,atnihtHiswifedoesnotmisshim,forsheisouttoo—atthemarketinthemorninndinthegga
,babmindininthesunafternoonsittinithothermothersyggw
heusualGibraltarianhomehasnosittinroom,livinroomorlouneTheparlourour Tgggfo
,workinclasshouseswouldbeanintolerablewasteoaceEaschairssofasandsuchlikefurnitureygfsp
,,areunknownTherearenobookshelvesbecausetherearenobooksTalkinnddrinkinaswellasgag
,,beatinaredoneonhardchairsroundthedinintableetweenasideboarddecoratedwiththebestgg
,plassesandaninevitabledislaabinetfulloffamilreasureshotorahsandsouvenirsThegpycytgp
Hearthandelaboratechandelieroverthistableroclaimsitasthehubofthehouseholdandofthefamil“py
”,homemakesverlittlesenseinGibraltarOneshomeisonestownorvillaeandoneshearthistheygsunshine
,urnortherntownsaredormitorieswithcubiclesbomarisonWhenweconreate—inthe Oycpgg
,,,,,churchesitusedtobenowinthecinemasaimersonalloratublicmeetinsformalleareypypgy—w
scarcelvermantomanOnlnourpubscanyoufindthetrulreariousandcommunalsirityeyiyggp
,survivinandinEnlandeventhepubsaredividedalonlasslinesgggc
,lonthisMediterraneancoasthomeisonlrefueandaretreatTheeolelivetoetherinthe Agyagppg
,,oenair—inthestreetmarketlaceDownherethereisafarstronerfeelinfcommunitthanweppggoy
,w,ithitscomlicatedintermarriaesitshadeverknownIncrowdedandcircumscribedGibraltarpg
,,identitfinterestsitssurvivinenseofsieeonecanseeandfeelaninteratedsocietyogsggy
,w总督),P,oliveinatinownwithalltheoranizationofastateithViceroremier Tytgy(
,,,,ParliamentPressandPentaonallinminiatureallwithinarmsreachisanintensivecourseincivicsg
,,InsuchanenvironmentnothinanbehiddenforbetterorforworseOnessuccessesareseenandgc
;,wreconizedonesfailuresareimmediatelxosedSocialconsciousnessisatitsstronestiththegyepg
,resultthatthereisaconstantandfirmpressuretowardsgoodsocialbehaviourtowardscourtesndya
,,kindnessGibraltarwithallitsfaultsisthefriendliestandmosttolerantoflacesStraihtfromthepg
,,cnicalanonmitfabiitweluxuriatedinitshaersonalismWelookbackonitlikeallitsyyyogcyppyp,exiledsonsanddauhterswithtrueaffectiong
11WhichofthefollowinestexlainsthedifferencesinwasoflivinetweentheEnlishandthegbpygbg
?Gibraltarians
[[]A]ThefamiltructureBReliiousbeliefysg[][CTheclimateD]Eatinabitgh12Theitalicizedpartinthethirdpararahimliesthatgpp
[A]EnlishworkinclasshomesaresimilartoGibraltarianonesgg[]BEnlishworkinclasshomeshavesacioussittinroomsggpg[]CEnlishworkinclasshomeswastealotofsaceggp[D]theEnlishworkinclassparlourisintolerableinGibraltargg13WelearnfromthedescritionoftheGibraltarianhomethatitisp
[]]A]modern [Bluxurious [Cstark [D]simlep14ThereisamuchstronersenseoamontheGibraltariansgg
[[][][A]toethernessBsurvivalCidentitD]leisuregy
— 20113
,p15AccordinothepassaeeoleinGibraltartendtobewellbehavedbecauseofthefollowingtgpg
EXCEPT[[]A]theentiretfthestatestructureBconstantressurefromthestateyop[][CthesmallsizeofthetownD]transarencfoccurrencespyo
TEXTB
,”aerlessorofficeinnovatorstheunrealizeddreamofthe“officeisaclassicexamleofhihtech Fpppg
傲慢)hubris(Todasofficedroneisdrownininmorepaerthaneverbeforeygp
,utafterdecadesofheAmericanofficesmafinallelosintheiraerobsessionThedemand Bypyybgpp
,forpaerusedtooutstrithegrowthoftheUSeconombutthepasttwoorthreeyearshaveseenappy
markedslowdowninsales—desiteahealthconomicscenepye
Analstsattributethedeclinetosuchfactorsasadvancesindiitaldatabasesandcommunicationyg
,,sstemsEscainurcravinforaerhoweverwillbeanthinutaneasffairypgogppygbya,”,OldhabitsarehardtobreaksasMerilnDunnacommunicationssuliesdirector“Thereare “yypp
somefunctionsthatpaerserveswhereascreendislaoesntworkThosefunctionsarebothitsppydstrenthanditsweakness”g
,ntheearltomid90saboomineconomandimroveddesktorintersheledboostaersales Iygypppppp
bo7percenteachyearTheconvenienceofdesktorintinllowedofficeworkerstoinduleiny6tppgagrintinnthinndeverthintverlittleeffortorcostpgaygaygay
utnow,thegrowthrateorpaersalesintheUnitedStatesisflatteninbouthalfapercent Bpgbya
,,eachyearBetween2004and2005MsDunnsaslainwhiteofficeaerwillseelessthana4percentyppp
,,,rowthratedesitethestronoveralleconomAprimarreasonforthechanesasDunnisthatforgpgyygy
,thefirsttimeeversome47percentoftheworkforceenteredtheobmarketaftercomutershadalreadjpy
beenintroducedtooffices
,”Werefinalleeinreductionintheamountofaerbeinsedperworkerintheworklace “ysgappgup
,sasJohnMaineviceresidentofaulandpaereconomicconsultinfirm“Moreinformationisbeinyppppgg
,transmittedelectronicallandmoreandmoreeolearecomfortablewiththeinformationresidinonlinyppgy
electronicformwithoutrintinultilebackus”pgmpp
,MnadditionrMainepointstothelacklusteremlomentmarketforwhitecollarworkers—the Ipy
rimarriverofofficepaerconsumtion—fortheshiftinpaerusaepydpppg
herealaradimshiftmaeinthewaaerisusedSincetheadventofadvancedandreliable Tpgybypp
,”officenetworksstemsdatastoraehasmovedawafrompaerarchivesThesecretarialartof“filinygypg
isdisaearinfromjobdescritionsMuchoftodasdatamaeverleaveitsoriinaldiitalformatppgpyyngg
,hechaninttitudestowardpaerhavefinallauhttheattentionofpaercomaniessas Tggapycgppy
,,,RichardHareraresearcheratMicrosoft“Allofasuddenthepaerindustrasstartedthinkinppyhg
‘,’”,Weneedtolearnmoreaboutthebehaviouralasectsofaerusehesas“Theadneveraskedpppyyhthedustassumedthat70millionsheetswouldbebouhtperyearasaliteralfunctionofeconomicyjgrowth”g
,oreducepaerusesomecomaniesareworkinocombinediitalandpaercaabilitiesFor Tppgtgpp
,:,examleXeroxCorisdeveloinlectronicaerthindiitaldislasthatresondtoastluslikeapppgeppgpypy
enonpaerNotationscanbeerasedorsaveddiitallppgy
,,notherideaintellientpaercomesfromAnotoGrouItwouldallownotationsmadewitha Agpp
stlusonapaeprintedwithasecialmaneticinktosimultaneouslearonacomuterscreenygpgyappp
,venwithsuchtechnoloicaladvancestheimrovedcaabilitiesofdiitalstoraecontinuetoact Egppgg
,”,aainst“aerlessnessaruesPaulSaffoatechnoloorecasterInhisproheticandmetahoricalgppggyfpp
— 20114
,“彩罐),”1989essaTheElectronicPiata(hesueststhattheincreasinmountsofelectronicdatayggga
necessarilreuiremorepaeryqp
,Theinformationindustrodaslikeahueelectronicpiatacomosedofathinpaercrust “ytyigpp
,”M,surroundinnelectroniccorerSaffowroteThegrowinaercrust“ismostnoticeablebutthegagpp
hiddenelectroniccorethatroducesthecrustisfarlarer—andgrowinoreraidlTheresultisthatpggmpy
,wearebecominaerlessbutwehardloticeatall”gppyn
,,nthesamewathatdiitalinnovationshaveincreasedpaerconsumtionSaffosassohasvideo Iygppy
conferencinithitspromiseoffewerinersonmeetins—boostinusinesstravelg—wpggb
”Thatsoneohegreatironiesoheinormationae,Saffosas“Itsustcommonsensethat “yjftftfg
,themoreoutalktosomeonebhoneorcomuteritinevitablleadstoafacetofacemeetinThebestyyppyg
thinfortheaviationindustrastheInternet”gyw
?16Whatfunctiondoesthesecondsentenceinthefirstararahservepgp
[A]Itfurtherexlainshihtechhubrispg[]BItconfirmstheeffectofhihtechhubrisg[]CItoffersacauseforhihtechhubrisg[D]Itoffersacontrasttohihtechhubrisg
?17WhichofthefollowinisNOTareasonfortheslowdowninpaersalesgp
[A]Workforcewithbettercomuterskillsp[]BSlowgrowthoftheUSeconomy[]CChaninatternsinpaeruseggpp[D]Chaninmlomenttrendsggepy18ThetwoinnovationsberoxCorandAnotoGroufeatureyXpp
[A]interateduseofaeranddiitalformgppg[]Bashiftfrompaertodiitalformpg[]Ctheuseofcomuterscreenp[D]anewstleofwritinyg
?19Whatdoestheauthormeanbironoheinormationae”y“yftfg
[”A]Thedreamofthe“aerlessofficewillberealizedpp[]BPeoleusuallrefertohavefacetofacemeetinspypg[]MCorediitaldatauseleadstogreateraerusegpp[D]Somepeoleareoosedtovideoconferencinpppg
”?20Whatistheauthorsattitudetowards“aerlessnesspp
[A]Hereviewsthesituationfromdifferentersectivespp[]HBeareeswithsomeofthepeolequotedinthepassaegpg[]HCehasapreferencefordiitalinnovationsg[D]Hethinksairlinesbenefitmostfromthediitalaegg
TEXTC
henGeoreOrwellwrotein1941thatEnlandwas“themostclassriddencountrnderthe Wggyu”,,sunhewasonlartlrihtSocietieshavealwashadtheirhierarchieswithsomegrouerchedatypygypp
,,thetoIntheIndianstateofBihartheRanveerSenaanuercasteprivatearmevenkilledtostapppyy
there
根深蒂固的)thatmeasureclassinBritainhardlseemsentrenched(Butinanotherwarwell ByyyO,wasriht,andcontinuestobeAsanewYouGovpollshowsBritonsaresurrisinllerttoclass—pgyag
,boththeirownandthatofothersAndthetillthinkclassisstickAccordinothepoll48%ofysygt
— 20115
eoleaed30oroversatheexecttoenduetteroffthantheirarentsButonl28%execttoendppgyyppbpypuinadifferentclassMorethantwothirdsthinkneithertheortheirchildrenwillleavetheclassthepynywereborninto
?Ahatdoesthisthinhatpeolecannotescaeconsistofthesedasndwhatdopeolelookat Wgtppyp
?,whendecodinhichclasssomeonebelonstoThemostusefulidentifinarkersaccordinothegwgygmgt
,,,,ollareoccuationaddressaccentandincomeinthatorderThefactthatincomecomesfourthispp
:revealinthouhsomeofthehabitsandattitudesthatclassusedtodefinearemorewidelreadthanggysp,theereclassstillindicatessomethinessbluntthanmerewealthywgl
,ccuationisthemosttrustedguidetoclassbutchanesinthelabourmarkethavemadethat Opg
hardertoreadthanwhenOrwellwaswritinManualworkershaveshrunkalonithfarminandheavggwgy
,windustrsaproortionoftheworkforcehilethenumberofpeoleinwhitecollarobshassuredyappjg
,,DesitethisstrikinhanewhentheereaskedtoplacethemselvesinaclassBritsin2006huddledpgcgyw
,,inmuchthesamecateoriesastheidwhentheereaskedin1949Soobswhichwereonceafairlgydywjy
,reliableguidetoclasshavebecomemisleading
urveonductedearlierthisyearbxertianshowshowthisconverenceonsimilartesof AsycyEpgyp
workhasblurredclassboundariesExertianaskedpeoleinanumberofdifferentjobstoplacepp
,themselvesintheworkinclassorthemiddleclassSecretarieswaitersandournalistsweresinificantlgjgy,morelikeltothinkthemselvesmiddleclassthanaccountantscomuterprorammersorcivilservantsypg
ManewwhitecollarobsoffernomoreautonomrbetterprosectsthanoldbluecollaronesYetynjyop
,desitethemuddleoverwhatthemarkersofclassarethesedas71%ofthosepolledbouGovstillpyyY
saidthefounditverrfairlastofiureoutwhichclassothersbelontoyyoyeygg
,nadditiontochanesinthelabourmarkettwootherthinshavesmudedthebordersontheclass Iggg
,maFirstsince1945Britainhasreceivedlarenumbersofimmirantswhodonotfiteasilintoexistinpggyg
notionsofclassandmaavetheirownpramidstoscrambleuTheflowofnewarrivalshasincreasedyhyp
,sincethelate1990smultilinthiseffectpyg
,econdbarrierstofamehavebeenloweredBritainsfastrowinranksofcelebrities—likeDavid Sgg
,BeckhamandhiswifeVictoria—formakindofparallelaristocracentotalentoratleasttothoseyop
whoareuninhibitedenouhtomeetthereuestsoftelevisionproducersThistoohasmadedefinitionsgqmorecomlicatedp
,,utmanritsiventhechoicestillrefertoidentifiththeclasstheerebornintorather ByBgpywyw
thanthatwhichtheirobsorincomewouldsuestThisoftenentailsretendintobemorehumblethanjggpg
:isactuallhecase22%ofwhitecollarworkerstoldYouGovthattheonsiderthemselvesworkinytycg,classLikewisetheExertiansurvefoundthatoneintenadultswhocallthemselvesworkinlassarepygc
,,amontherichestassetownersandthatoverhalfamillionhouseholdswhichearnmorethan$191000g
,ayearsathereworkinlassPretendintobegranderthanincomeandoccuationsuestisrareryyagcgpgg
thouhithaenstoogpp
,,fclassnolonerdescribesaclearsocialeconomicorevenpoliticalstatusisitworthpainn Igygay
?,attentiontoPossiblesItisstillinmostcasescloselorrelatedwitheducationalattainmentandyyyc
careerexectationsp
)?21WhoestheauthorsaOrwellwasriht,andcontinuestobe”(PararahTwoydy“gpg
[A]BecausetherewasstronerclassconsciousnessinIndiag[]BBecausemorepeolehoetoenduinahiherclasspppg[]CBecausepeoleexecttogainmorewealththantheirarentsppp[D]BecauseBritonsarestillconsciousoftheirclassstatus
— 20116
)22“classstillindicatessomethinessbluntthanmerewealth”(PararahThreemeansthatgpgl
[A]classisstilldefinedbitsownhabitsandattitudesy[]Bclasswouldrefertosomethinoresubtlethanmonegmy[]Ceolefromdifferentclassesmaavethesamehabitsorattitudesppyh[D]incomeisunimortantindetermininhichclassonebelonstopgwg23WhichofthefollowintatementsisINCORRECT?gs
[A]Whitecollarworkerswouldplacethemselvesinadifferentclass[]BPeolewithdifferentobsmalacethemselvesinthesameclasspjyp[]COccuationandclassarenolonerrelatedwitheachotherpg[D]Chanesintheworkforcehavemadeitdifficulttodefineclassg
?24WhichofthefollowinisNOTacausetoblurclassdistinctiong
[[]A]NotionsofclassbimmirantsBChanintrendsofemlomentygggpy[][CFewertesofworkD]Easccesstofameypya
,25Whensomesuccessfulwhitecollarworkerschoosetostaintheworkinclassitimliesthattheareygpy
[[]A]showinodestBshowinelfresectgmygsp[][CexressinoastfulnessD]makinnunderstatementpgbga
TEXTD
hetrainwaswhirlinnwardwithsuchdinitfmotionthataglancefromthewindowseemed Tgogyo
,simltorovethatlainsofTexaswereourineastwardVastflatsofreengrassdullhuedsacesofpypppggp
,,w,mesuiteandcactuslittlegrousofframehousesoodsoflihtandtendertreesallweresweeinqpgpg
,,intotheeastsweeinverthehorizonapreciicepgopewlarriedpairhadboardedthiscoachatSanAntonioThemansfacewasreddenedfrom Anym
,manasinthewindandsunandadirectresultofhisnewblackclotheswasthathisbrickcolouredydy
handswereconstantlerforminnamostconsciousfashionFromtimetotimehelookeddownypgi
,resectfullthisattireHesatwithahandoneachkneelikeamanwaitininabarbersshoThepyagp
lanceshedevotedtootherassenerswerefurtiveandshgpgy
,,hebridewasnotrettnorwassheverounSheworeadressofbluecashmerewithsmall Tpyyyg
,reservationsofvelvethereandthereandwithsteelbuttonsaboundinShecontinualltwistedherheadgy
,,toreardheruffsleevesverstiffandhihTheembarrassedherItwasuiteaarentthatshehadgpygyqpp
,,cookedandthatsheexectedtocookdutifullTheblushescausedbhecarelessscrutinfsomepyytyo
,,assenersasshehadenteredthecarwerestranetoseeuonthislainunderclasscountenancewhichpggpp
,wasdrawninplacidalmostemotionlesslines
?”,heereevidentlvera“Everbeeninaarlorcarbeforeheaskedsmilinithdeliht Tywyyhppypgwg
,”;“,?”NosheansweredIneverwasItsfineaintit “
!,GreatAndthenafterawhilewelloforwardtothedinnerandgetabilaoutFreshmealin “ggy
theworldChareadollar”g
,?”?,,?”Ohdothecriedthebride“ChareadollarWhthatstoomuch—forus—aintitJack “ygy
,”Northistrianhow,heansweredbravel“Weregointogothewholethin” “pyygg
,aterheexlainedtoheraboutthetrains“YouseeitsathousandmilesfromoneendofTexasto Lp
;,theotherandthisrunsrihtacrossitandneverstosbutfourtimes”Hehadtheprideofanownergp
;Hepointedouttoherthedazzlinittinsofthecoachandintruthhereesoenedwiderandshegfgyp
,,,,contemlatedtheseareenfiuredvelvettheshininrasssilverandglassthewoodthatleamedaspgggbgdarklrilliantasthesurfaceofapoolofoilAtoneendabronzefiuresturdileldasuortforaybgyhpp
,searatedchamberandatconvenientlacesontheceilinerefrescosinoliveandsilverppgw
— 20117
,othemindsoftheairtheirsurroundinsreflectedtheloroftheirmarriaethatmornininSan Tpggygg
;;Antoniothiswastheenvironmentoftheirnewestateandthemansfaceinparticularbeamedwithan
elationthatmadehimaearridiculoustotheNeroporterThisindividualattimessurveedthemfromppgyafarwithanamusedandsueriorrinOnotheroccasionshebulliedthemwithskillinwasthatdidnotpgymakeitexactllaintothemthattheerebeinulliedHesubtlsedallthemannersofthemostypywgbyu
,unconuerablekindofsnobberHeoressedthemButofthisoressiontheadsmallknowledeqyppppyhg
andtheeedilorotthatinfreuentlumberoftravelerscoveredthemwithstaresofderisiveyspyfgqyanenomentHistoricalltherewassuosedtobesomethininfinitelumorousintheirsituationjyyppgyh
:,”,WearedueinYellowSkt342hesaidlookintenderlintoherees “yagyy
,?”,表现出)OhareweshesaidasifshehadnotbeenawareofitToevince(surriseather “p
;husbandsstatementwasartofherwifelamiabilitShetookfromaocketalittlesilverwatchandaspyyp
,,shehelditbeforeherandstaredatitwithafrownofattentionthenewhusbandsfaceshone
,”IbouhtitinSanAntonfromafriendofminehetoldherleefull “ggy
,”,Itsseventeenminutespasttwelveshesaidlookinthimwithakindofshndclums “gupayay
调情;卖俏),,,couetrApassenernotinthisplarewexcessivelardonicandwinkedathimselfqy(ggygys
inoneofthenumerousmirrors
,,tlasttheenttothedinincarTworowsofNerowaitersinglowinhitesuitssurveed Aywgggwy
,平静),theirentrancewiththeinterestandalsotheeuanimitofmenwhohadbeenforewarnedTheqy(
airfelltothelotofawaiterwhohaenedtofeelpleasureinsteerinhemthrouhtheirmealHepppgtg
,hviewedthemwiththemannerofafatherlilotiscountenanceradiantwithbenevolenceTheyp
,,w,atronaeentwinedwiththeordinareferenceasnotplaintothemAndyetastheeturnedtopgydyr,theircoachthehowedintheirfacesasenseofescaeysp
26Thedescritionofthecoulesclothesandbehaviouratthebeinninoftheassaeseemstoindicateppggpg
thattheadasenseofyh[[][][A]secrecBelationCsuerioritD]awkwardnessypy
?27Whichofthefollowindectivesbestdeictstheinteriorofthecoachgajp
[[][][A]ModernBLuxuriousCPracticalD]Comlexp
?28Whichofthefollowinestdescribestheattitudeofothereoleonthetraintowardsthecoulegbppp
[A]Thereardedthecouleasanobectoffunygpj[]BThexressedindifferencetowardsthecouleyepp[]CTheereveruriousaboutthecouleywycp[D]Thehowedfriendlinesstowardsthecouleysp
?29Whichofthefollowinontainsametahorgcp
[A]likeamanwaitininabarbersshogp[]hBiscountenanceradiantwithbenevolence[],Csweeinverthehorizonapreciicepgop[D]asdarklrilliantasthesurfaceofapoolofoilyb30Wecaninferfromthelastararahthatinthedinincarpgpg[[]A]thewaitersweresnobbishBthecoulefeltillateasep[][CtheservicewassatisfactorD]thecouleenoedtheirdinnerypjy
PARTIIIENERALKNOWLEDGE(10MIN) G
herearetenmultilechoicequestionsinthissectionMarkthebestanswertoeachquestionon TpANSWERSHEETTWO
— 20118
31ThenorthernmostartofGreatBritainisp
[]]A]NorthernIreland [BScotland [CEnland [D]Walesg32ItisgenerallreedthawerethefirstEuroeanstoreachAustraliasshoresyagp
[[][][A]theFrenchBtheGermansCtheBritishD]theDutch
?33WhichcountrisknownastheLandofMaleLeafyp
[[]A]CanadaBNewZealand[][CGreatBritainD]TheUnitedStatesofAmerica
,?34WhowrotethefamouspamhletTheCommonSense,beforetheAmericanRevolutionp
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面 现代社会无论价值观的持有还是生活方式的选择都充满了矛盾。而最让现代人感到尴尬的是,对重重矛盾,许多时候你却别无选择。匆忙与休闲是截然不同的两种生活方式。但在现实生活中,人们却在这两种生活方式间频繁穿梭,有时也说不清自己到底是“休闲着”还是“匆忙着”。譬如说,当我们正在旅游胜地享受假期,却忽然接到老板的电话,告诉我们客户或工作方面出了麻烦———现代便捷先进工具在此刻显示出了它狰狞、阴郁的面容———搞得人一下子兴趣全无,接下来的休闲只能徒有其表,因为心里已是火烧火燎了。
— 20119
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—201110
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—201112
2011
年英语专业八级考试试题详解
PARTⅠ LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION
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文章大意
EADINGCOMPREHENSION Ⅱ R
TEXTA
本文是一篇议论文,通过与英国人生活方式的对比介绍直布罗陀人的生活方式,对直布罗陀人的社会凝聚力加以分析,并表示赞赏。首段简述英国人蜗居的生活方式,第二段对比介绍直布罗陀人社交活动频繁的生活方式。第三段介绍直布罗陀人简单的家居布置,指出“家”在直布罗陀人心中的概念。第四段介绍英国人聚会的方式,指出英国社会人与人之间很少坦诚相见。第五段则对比介绍直布罗陀人喜欢社交、喜欢聚会的情结。末段通过介绍直布罗陀的生活环境,分析其团体情结产生的根源,即地域面积小、人与人之间没有隐私等,这些都使得直布罗陀人具有强烈的社会意识,使其成为最友好、最宽容的地方,其人本主义精神让人留恋不已。
试题详解
]11[CheEnlishandtheGibraltarians直接定位至首段。第二句指出英国人的生活方式 推理判断题。由题干中的tg
“”,随后解释了英国人为什么待在家里,第TheEnlishmanshomeishiscastlebecausehehasnotmuchchoiceg四句提到“,,。第二段首句中的oTheclimateveroftendoesnotevenpermithimtowalkoutside”ntheothery
“,,,之后介绍了直布罗陀人成天hand表明对比关系,Thesesouthernpeoleontheotherhandlookoutwards”p
待在户外的情景,此外,由第三句中的“”以及末句的“”均可以判断,英afewilllitroomsbabmindininthesunyg国人和直布罗陀人的生活方式大相径庭,主要是天气原因造成的,故[]为答案。虽然第二段简单提到直布C罗陀人的家庭结构、用餐习惯,但是首段没有提及英国人这两方面的情况,因此不是作者认为造成生活方式差异的原因,排除[和[];此外,全文没有提及宗教信仰,[]无依据,排除。A]DB]12[BTheusualGibraltarian 推理判断题。由题干直接定位至第三段。首句指出典型的直布罗陀的住所情况“
,紧接着第二句出现了一个虚拟语气“homehasnosittinroom,livinroomorloune”Thearlourofourgggp
,从首段末句“workinclasshouseswouldbeanintolerablewasteofsace”Thatwasthewaelivedingpyw
”可以判断此处的是指英国的工薪阶层,而该句是指英国工薪族房屋的会客厅对Leedsourworkinclassg直布罗陀人而言是浪费空间,由此可以推断英国人住所里通常都有宽敞的会客室,故[]为答案。从句中B的w[与原文矛盾;该句是直布罗陀人asteofsace可以判断直布罗陀人对英国人的会客厅不以为然,A]p
单方面对英国会客室的看法,并不能证明英国人家里有会客室是浪费空间,排除[];直布罗陀人认为浪费C空间是令人难以容忍的,并非会客厅本身令人难以容忍,排除[。D]
13[D]ibraltarianhome定位至第三段。首句指出“TheusualGibraltarianhomehas 推理判断题。由题干中的G
,”之后,作者继续描述直布罗陀人的住所情况“,nosittinroomlivinroomorlouneEaschairssofasgggy
,”,可见,直布andsuchlikefurnitureareunknownTherearenobookshelvesbecausetherearenobooks
罗陀人的家里没有很多家具,很简朴,故[]为答案。文章中没有提到现代风格的装饰,排除[;[]与文DA]B中的“,等矛盾;而s光秃秃的”,这与该段Easchairssofasandsuchlikefurnitureareunknown”tark意为“y
第五句所描述矛盾,排除[]。C
,14[A]troner定位至第五段。第三句提到“Downherethereisafarstronerfeelin 事实细节题。从题干中的sggg
”,该句是对前一句“—Thepeolelivetoetherintheoenairinofcommunitthanwehadeverknownpgpy
,”的解释,从句中的以及可以判断[]为答案。末句指thestreetmarketlacelivetoethercommunitApgy
出“,,,IncrowdedandcircumscribedGibraltarwithitscomlicatedintermarriaesitsidentitfinterestspgyo
,,该句的重点在于oitssurvivinenseofsieeonecanseeandfeelaninteratedsociet”necanseeandgsggy,这里的i而该部分提feelaninteratedsocietnterated与communitivetoether属于同一语义场,gygy以及lg
到的“,”中i直布罗陀人的利益是统一的”,itsidentitfinterestsitssurvivinenseofsieedentityogsgy是指“
—120113
仍然具有”群居的精神,与直布罗陀人的强烈的凝聚感无关,排除[和[。此survivinB]C]g是指这里的人“
处没有提及[,直接排除。D]],15[Bellbehaved定位至末段。第四句指出“Socialconsciousnessisatitsstronest 事实细节题。由题干中的wg
,withtheresultthatthereisaconstantandfirmpressuretowardsgoodsocialbehaviourtowardscourtesy
”,这里是指社会意识带来了压力,并非是来自国家的压力,[]不符合文意,故为答案。首句Bandkindness
指出“,,,,ToliveinatintownwithalltheoranizationofastatewithViceroPremierParliamentPressygy
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意;由第二句“,,”可知[]InsuchanenvironmentnothinanbehiddenforbetterorforworseD符合该句gc含义
。
难词注释
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文章大意
TEX
TB
围绕办公无纸化展开说明。开篇提出观点:如今,办公所需要的纸张比以往任何时候都多。 本文是一篇议论文,
第二段指出现在纸张的销售增长明显放缓。第三段指出无纸化办公难以实现。第四段采用引证法对该观点加以说明。第五段至第九段具体分析纸张销量下降的原因。第十段指出人们对纸张的态度变化引起了造纸企业的注意。第十一段和第十二段举例说明为了减少纸张的使用,一些公司正致力于将数码功能和纸张功能结合起来。第十三段开始,引用萨福的观点分析无纸化办公难以实现的原因,指出数字存储依旧做不到“无纸化”,而数字化创新让用纸量有所增加。末段以萨福的观点结尾,再次揭示无纸化办公这一伪命题
。
试题详解
,’aerless16[D]Forofficeinnovatorstheunrealizeddreamofthe‘officeisaclassic 推理判断题。开篇提到“pp
”,可见这里的是指“”aerlessexamleofhihtechhubrishihtechhubristheunrealizeddreamofthepppgg
。接着第二句指出现在的实际情况“officeTodasofficedroneisdrowninnmorepaerthaneverygip”,这与构成了对照关系,即与也为对照,故[]为答案。由此也可beforeaerlessofficehihtechhubrisDppg
知,不是的原因及结果,也不是对hdrowninnmorepaerthaneverbeforehihtechhubrisihtechgipgg
所作的进一步解释,排除其余三项。hubris
[]事实细节题。由题干中的s17B lowdowninpaersales定位至第二段。末句“Thedemandforpaerusedtopp
,outstrithegrowthoftheUSeconomuttheasttwoorthreeearshaveseenamarkedslowdowninpybpy
—”中的表明美国经济形势不错,[]与原esiteahealtheconomicsceneahealtheconomicsceneBsalesdpyy文不符,故为答案。作者从第三段开始具体分析纸张销售下降的原因,由第七段人们越来越喜欢用电子方式发送信息可以推断,职员们使用计算机的能力会越来越好,[符合文意;[是对第八段的阐释;由第A]D]九段首句可知[]也符合文意。C
18[A]eroxCor和AnotoGrouTo 推理判断题。由题干中的Xpp定位至第十一和十二段。第十一段首句指出“
,”,下一句的reduceaerusesomecomaniesareworkintocombinediitalandpaercaabilitiesForexamlepppggppp
表明X的例子是对该句的细节性支持,同理,下一段的也是为该主题句提供的例证。eroxCorAnotoGroupp[是对c故为答案。[]与该处矛盾,直接排除;[]是对第十二A]ombinediitalandpaercaabilities的解释,BCgpp段末句中“”的曲解;[]是对第十一和十二段中的s排除。aearonacomuterscreenDtlus的曲解,pppy]19[Chat表明这是对前文内容的概括说明。回 推理判断题。由题干引号中的内容定位至末段首句。句中的T
溯到倒数第二段可以看出萨福的主要观点是“”,由此diitalinnovationshaveincreasedpaerconsumtiongpp可以判断o故[]为答案。萨福明确表示自己认为neofthegreatironiesoftheinformationae是指该点,Cg办公室用纸在增加,不是减少,[与此矛盾;[]是针对倒数第二段中的“A]Bwithitspromiseoffewerinerp
”设计的干扰项,为过度推断;同理,[是针对“”设计的干扰项,文中sonmeetinD]sohasvideoconferencingg
是说视频会议也使得用纸量有所增加,故排除。
,然20[A]Todasofficedroneisdrownininmoreaerthaneverbefore” 观点态度题。作者在首段提出观点“ygpp
后分析了纸张销售增长明显放缓的原因,第十一和十二段举例说明有些公司为了减少办公用纸,正致力于将数码功能和纸张功能相结合。最后四段指出萨福对办公无纸化的不同看法。由此可知作者从不同角度
为答案。作者用引证法说明观点,但只是客观陈述别人对办公无纸分析了办公无纸化的进展情况,故[A]
化的看法,没有对其观点正确与否加以评论,[无依据;作者在开篇首句指出“,B]Forofficeinnovatorsthe
’,[与之矛盾,排除;aerlessunrealizeddreamofthe‘officeisaclassicexamleofhihtechhubris”C]pppg
[]是对文章末句“”的曲解,排除
。DThebestthinfortheaviationindustrastheInternetgyw
难词注释
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文章大意
TEX
TC
围绕英国人的阶级概念展开。开篇由乔治·奥威尔的观点引入主题:英国人的阶级概念。 本文是一篇议论文,
第二段通过英国YouGov民意测验公司进行的调查结果指出英国人对阶级概念的重视。第三段介绍阶级的划分标准。第四段指出作为阶级划分标准之一的职业如今正变得不再那么具有指导意义。第五段至第七段分析了现在的阶级概念变模糊的原因:工作类型趋同;移民建立了自己的阶级标准;成名的门槛降低。第八段指出英国人往往认同自己出生时所处的阶级,因此会在判断自己的阶级时表现保守。末段进行全文总结,通过自问自答,指出虽然阶级的概念变得比较模糊,但它仍然与教育成就和职业期望密切相关
。
试题详解
,21[D]Butinanotherwarwellwasrihtandcontinues 事实细节题。由题干定位至第二段。作者在第二句指出“yOg
”之后,马上对其进行解释“,—tobeAsanewYouGovpollshowsBritonsaresurrisinllerttoclassbothpgya
”,[]符合文意,故为答案。第一段末句的印度阶级的例子是对首段第一句的theirownandthatofothersD
]属于张冠李戴,排除;[与第二段第六句文意不符,排除;第二段第五句是对“解释,[AB]Andthetillys
”所做出的解释,与题干中的句子没有直接的因果关系,排除[]。thinkclassisstickCy
[]语义理解题。由题干定位至第三段。从收入排第四位可知,在确定阶级的指标中,收入重要但并不是那么重22B
]与原文含义一致,故为答案。该句中前面要,因此可以推断这里是说阶级的定义不仅仅是财富那么简单,[B
的状语的意思是“过去用以界定某个特定阶级的一些行为举止在今天的社会中已经更加普遍化”,这与后面的主句构成让步关系,[是对该句的解释,与主句含义不一致,排除;[]是对该部分内容的过度推断,无依A]C据,排除;从收入排位第四可以判断,这还是一个判断阶级的重要指标,因此[]与原文不符,排除。D],,w,obs23[CSohichwereonceafairleliableguidetoclasshavebecome 事实细节题。第四段末句指出“jyr
,这里只是说职业作为判断阶级的标准不像过去那样具有指导意义,但并未说两者之间无任misleadin”g
何关联,[]为绝对项,不符合原文,故为答案。[和[]与第五段第二、三句文意相符;[与第四段首句CA]BD]文意相符。]24[Clur定位至第五段。首句“Asurveonductedearlierthisyearbxertian 事实细节题。由题干中的bycyEp
”表明大家集中从事一些showshowthisconverenceonsimilartesofworkhasblurredclassboundaries.gyp
相似类型的工作,但不是说工作种类减少,[与文意不符,故为答案。由第六段第一句“C]Inadditionto
,”可知,有三个chanesinthelabourmarkettwootherthinshavesmudedthebordersontheclassma.gggp
原因使得阶级界线变得模糊。第四段第二句“Manualworkershaveshrunkalonithfarminndheavgwgay
,”提到whilethenumberofeoleinwhitecollarobshassured.industrsaproortionoftheworkforceppjgyap
第一个原因,[第六段第二句“,B]符合文意;Firstsince1945Britainhasreceivedlarenumbersofgimmirantswhodonotfiteasilintoexistinotionsofclassandmaavetheirownpramidstoscramblegygnyhy
”指出第二个原因,[]符合该句含义;第七段首句“,”解释u.ASecondbarrierstofamehavebeenlowered.p
了第三个原因,[]符合文意。D[]推理判断题。由题干中的w25D hitecollarworkers定位至倒数第二段。第二句指出“Thisoftenentails
:retendintobemorehumblethanisactuallthecase22%ofwhitecollarworkerstoldYouGovthatthepgyy
”,句中的表示他们说的情况与实际情况retendintobemorehumbleconsiderthemselvesworkinlasspggc
不符,是一种保守的说法,故[]为答案。句中的假称自己比实际所Dretendinobemorehumble意为“pgt在的阶级卑微”,并不是他们要表现谦虚,排除[;显然,该行为并不是自我吹嘘的表现,排除[];文章中A]C没有提到自重的问题,[]无依据
。B
难词注释
]decode[dikdv.解码]blunt[blnta.直率的
]huddle[hdlv.挤在一起
]converence[knvdnsn.集中g
()]blur[blrv.模糊
]muddle[mdln.混乱
]smude[smdv.模糊g
]争夺scramble[skrmblv.攀爬,
]arallel[rlela.类似的pp
]不受约束的uninhibited[nnhbtda.
TEX
TD
文章大意
行为表现以及其他乘客对他们的看法。首段描述了德州平 本文记叙了一对新婚夫妇坐在头等车厢里的对话、
原的景致。第二段和第三段分别对男人和女人的外貌、服饰、行为表现等做了细致的刻画。接下来是男人和女人之间的对话,从对话中可以知道他们出身不高,新娘第一次坐头等车厢。第九段描述了女人对车厢内部设备的好奇。第十段描述了其他人对这两个人的蔑视和嘲讽。接下来的一段对话是这对夫妇关于男子给女子买的一块手表的内容,女子的撒娇表现让某位乘客感到不太舒服。末段描写了他们在餐车用餐时所受到的待遇以及餐后回到车厢时的
—120115
如释重负之感
。
试题详解
26[D]hecoulesclothesandbehaviour定位至第二段。第二句表明“adirectresult 推理判断题。由题干中的tp
ofhisnewblackclotheswasthathisbrickcolouredhandswereconstantlerformininamostconsciousypg
”,末句指出“。第三段末句中提fashionTheglanceshedevotedtootherpassenerswerefurtiveandsh”gy
到“blushescausedbthecarelessscrutinofsomeassenersasshehadenteredthecarwerestranetoseeyypgg
,,这些行为表现都反映了这对新婚夫妇感到害羞、尴尬,故[underclasscountenance”D]uonthisplainp
为答案。神秘”;得意”;优越”,这几种感觉在开篇第二段及第secrecelation意为“sueriority意为“py意为“三段中都未出现,故排除。];27[BHepointedouttoherthedazzlinfittinsofthecoach 推理判断题。第九段描写了车厢内部的装饰情况“gg
,,andintruthhereesoenedwiderandshecontemlatedtheseareenfiuredvelvettheshininrassyppgggb
,,,末句还提到白silverandglassthewoodthatleamedasdarklrilliantasthesurfaceofapoolofoil”gyb银壁画,由此可见,车厢里金碧辉煌,装饰豪华,故[]符合文意。虽然装饰很精美,但没有提及装修风格是B古典还是现代,排除[];作者没有提及车厢各设备的功能如何,[]无依据;同理,[也未提及,排除。ACD]
,28[A]Butofthisoressiontheadsmallknowledeandtheeedil 观点态度题。第十段最后两句指出“ppyhgyspy
forotthatinfreuentlumberoftravelerscoveredthemwithstaresofderisiveenomentHistoricallgqyanjyy
”,句中的意为“嘲讽的”,derisivetherewassuosedtobesomethininfinitelumorousintheirsituationppgyh
而i无限滑稽的”,故[为答案,同时排除[和[。句中的snfinitelumorous意为“A]C]D]tares表明他们注yh意到这夫妻俩,排除[]。B]首段末尾“,,”意思是德州29[Callweresweeinintotheeastsweeinoverthehorizonareciice 推理判断题。pgpgpp
平原上的景物向东延伸,仿佛越过了地平线,而实际上这里的“地平线”是一个悬崖,这里作者把preciicep比喻成了h,但是却没有出现表示比喻的词,是暗喻,故[]为答案。“orizonClikeamanwaitinnagi
”中有比喻词,属于明喻,排除[];同理,“likeAasdarklrilliantasthesurfaceofapoolofbarbersshoybp
”也是明喻,排除[];[]是对侍者表情的客观描述,没有比喻用法,排除[]。oil.DBB
[]推理判断题。末段末句指出“,,30B Andyetasthereturnedtotheircoachtheshowedintheirfacesasenseofyy
”,可见他们在用餐时感觉不舒服,故[]为答案,排除[]。第二句提到“escaeBDTworowsofNeropg,,,,waitersinglowinhitesuitssurveedtheirentrancewiththeinterestandalsotheeuanimitfmengwyqyo
,说明侍者们表现出兴趣,但没有提及是否势利,排除[;这里没有提及夫妻whohadbeenforewarned”A]
俩对侍者的服务质量是否满意,排除[]
。C
难词注释
]reciice[ressn.悬崖pppp
()]attire[tarn.衣服[]furtiveftva.偷偷的
]abound[bandv.丰富
]scrutinskrutnin.仔细观察y[
]countenance[kantnnsn.面容
]注视contemlate[kntemletv.凝视,?pp
[]嘲弄的derisivedrasva.[()]leefulllifliad
.
兴高采烈地gy
PARTⅢ GENERALKNOWLEDGE
]英格兰)、苏格兰)、(威尔士)和31[BEnland(Scotland(Wales 本题考查英国地理知识。英国由四部分组成:g
(北爱尔兰)。苏格兰位于北部,英格兰位于中部及南部,威尔士位于西南部,而北爱尔兰NorthernIreland
与大不列颠岛被爱尔兰海隔开,位于英格兰和威尔士西北部、苏格兰西南部。
土著居民便生息繁衍于澳大利亚这块土地上。32[D]1606年, 本题考查澳大利亚历史知识。早在4万多年前,
荷兰人W(威廉姆·简士)率领D(杜伊夫根号)到达澳大利亚海域,这是首次有文字illemJanszoonufkeny记载的欧洲人在澳大利亚的真正登陆,并命名此地为N(新荷兰)。英国航海家CewHolland1770年,ap
(库克船长)发现澳大利亚东海岸,将其命名为(新南威尔士),并宣布这tainJamesCookNewSouthWales
片土地属于英国。
(枫叶之国)的美誉,枫树是该国的33[A]heLandofMaleLeaf 本题考查英语语言国家文化知识。加拿大素有tp
国树,也是加拿大民族的象征。加拿大国旗中间就有一片11个角的红色枫树叶。新西兰有theCountry
(世界边缘的国家)之称,也被当地人称为(长长的白云之乡)。英国的ontheEdeoftheWorldAotearoag
绰号是J(约翰牛),曾有T(日不落帝国)之称;美国的绰号是UohnBullheSunNeverSetEmirencleSamp(山姆大叔)。](波士顿倾茶事件)以后,美国殖民者更加渴望独立。激进思想34[BostonTeaPart 本题考查美国历史知识。By
家T(托马斯·潘恩,)为支持独立、反对世袭君主制写下了他的成名小册子ThomasPaine1737-1809he
《常识》)。其余三项人物都是T《独立宣言》)的起草者。CommonSense(heDeclarationondeendence(fIp
其中,托马斯·杰斐逊,)是美国第三任总统,著有NThomasJefferson(1743-1826otesontheStateof
《弗吉尼亚日记》);约翰·亚当斯,)是美国第二任总统,著有《论教规和Virinia(JohnAdams(1735-1826g
封建法律》;(本杰明·富兰克林,)著有(穷理查BenaminFranklin1706-1790PoorRichardsAlmanack《j年鉴》)。
(弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫,),英国女作家,批判家,意识流35[D]iriniaWoolf1882-1941 本题考查英国文学知识。Vg
小说的代表人物之一,被誉为2她是伦敦文学界0世纪现代主义与女性主义的先锋。两次世界大战期间,
—120116