英语翻译音译法

第六讲

英汉翻译技巧1

主要内容

3.1 加注 (Annotation) 3.2 释义 (Paraphrase) 3.3 重复 (Repetition)

3.1 加注 (Annotation) Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠 沙漠

Saint Valentine’s Day圣瓦伦廷节(情人节，2月14日) AIDS

爱滋病(获得性免疫缺损综合症) 病 At all events the war has done one good thing for us. It’s smashed up the power of the aristocracy. The Boer War* started it, and 1914 put the lid on. 不管怎样，战争还是为我们做了一件好事，就是把贵 族势力一扫而光。布尔战争挑起了这场硝烟，而1914 年的世界大战终于使它荡然无存。

文中注释

音译加注

脚注 二者合用

(*布尔战争：1899—1902年发生在南非的英国人与布尔人之间的战争。)

3.1 加注 (Annotation) Oval Office 椭圆形办公室(指美国白宫总统办公室) tabloid (以轰动性报道为特点的, 文简图多的)小报 But I am short-tempered, frazzle from all responsibilities. I am the “sandwich generation”* ,caught between kids and parents. 但我的脾气不好，都是这些事给烦的。我是个夹在孩子 和父母之间的“三明治人”。

文中注释

直译加注

脚注 二者合用

(*三明治人：指既要照顾孩子又要照顾父母的人。) People considered that what he had played on that occasion was no more than a Judas kiss. 人们认为他在那种场合所表演的不过是犹大之吻，居心 险恶。

3.2 释义 (Paraphrase)释义是指舍弃原文的具体表达形式和比喻形象，采取解释性的方法译出原文的意思。1. 释义法翻译一些具有鲜明民族色彩的词语如成语、典故、超常规搭配。 I wonder whether he is a Trojan Horse. 我想知道他是不是内奸。(inf.) an extremely attractive or expressive person or thing

Bill’s new girlfriend is certainly a knockout. 比尔新结识的女友确实是个迷人的姑娘。 The island’s three main newspapers never feature nude pinups. 岛上三家主要的报纸从不刊登裸体美女照。

Of course, it is hard to keep alliance alive. There are many stresses and strains.But, I’m glad to say, nothing has actually broken as yet — touchwood. 当然，使联盟长期保持下去是很不容易的，有不少的艰难险阻。但是，我高兴地说，到目前为 止确实没有出现过什么裂痕——老天保佑，无灾无难。

3.2 释义 (Paraphrase)2. 释义法也可用来翻译某些不可直译成汉语的英语表达方式，或是处理那些 虽可直译成汉语但表达不是令人费解就是不够简练的英语表达方式。 He was smooth and agreeable. 他待人处事，八面玲珑。 He acts a lot older than his years.

他年纪轻轻，做事却相当老练。His best jokes fell flat. 他那些最能逗人乐的笑话都不灵了。

Nothing, whether a weighty matter or small detail, was overlooked.事无巨细，无一遗漏

。 The more you try to hide, the more you’re exposed.

欲盖弥彰。

3.3 重复 (Repetition) We should decide what to commend and praise, what not to and what to oppose.

我们必须决定什么东西是应当称赞或歌颂的，什么东西是不 应当称赞或歌颂的，什么东西是应当反对的。 You have done a poor job and I am not satisfied, and if you feel offended, so be it.

重复被省略 的动词 语法性重复 重复从句

你没有搞好，我是不满意的，得罪了你就得罪了你。 The road was packed with a noisy crowd of men and women, who were selling and buying all kinds of things. 路上挤满了男男女女，他们熙熙攘攘，正在买卖各种各样的 东西。 They read the afternoon through, while the cold November rain fell from the sky upon the quiet house.

AABB ABAC 修辞性重叠或重复 ABCC ABB

深秋，冷雨霏霏，屋里静悄悄的。他们看了一个下午的书。

3.3.1 语法性重复(Grammatical Repetition) Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。 We need materials which can bear high temperature and pressure. 我们需要那种能耐高温和耐高压的材料。 We have to analyze and solve problems.

重复被修饰语

重复动词、修饰语

我们要分析问题，解决问题。 Despite his versatility of talent and shiftiness of purpose, this man has in his whole lifetime been wedded to the most fossilized routine.

重复几个动词共有的宾语

尽管他有随机应变的本领，尽管他的主张反复无常，但是他终生 重复几个宾语共有的介词 都是极端墨守成规的。

3.3.1 语法性重复(Grammatical Repetition) You can do it very well, if you care to. 如果你愿意做这件事，可以做得很好。

重复被省略或被代替的动词

Water evaporates more rapidly when the temperatureis high than when it is low. 温度高，水蒸发得快；温度低，水蒸发得慢。 Radar is a newly developed technique by which people can see the things beyond the visibility of them. 雷达是一种新开发的技术，利用雷达人们能看到视线以外的东西。 The monkey’s most extraordinary accomplishment

重复代词所代替的名词

重复名词以代替英语的 关系词

was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine,the monkey had learned to solo on the vehicle. 这只猴子最了不起的技能是学会驾驶拖拉机。到了九岁的时候， 这只猴子已经学会单独表演驾驶拖拉机了。

重复下义词以代替上义词

说唱脸谱那一天爷爷领我去把京戏看 看见那舞台上面好多大花脸 红白黄绿蓝颜色油的脸 一边唱一边喊哇呀呀呀呀 我爷爷生气说我纯粹这是瞎捣乱 多美的精彩艺术中华瑰宝 就连外国人也拍手叫好 一个劲的来称赞

好像炸雷 唧唧喳喳震响在耳边蓝脸的窦尔敦 盗玉马 红脸的关公

战长沙 黄脸的典韦 白脸的曹操

生旦净末唱念做打手眼身法功夫真是不简单你不懂戏曲 胡说八道 气的爷爷胡子直往脸上翻 老爷爷你别生气允许我申辩 就算是山珍海味老吃也会烦 艺术与时代不能离太远 要朝新要发展 哇呀呀…… 让那老的少的男的女的大家都爱看 民族遗产一代一代往下传

黑脸的张飞叫喳喳……说实话京剧脸谱本来确实挺好看 可唱的说的全是方言怎么听也不懂 慢慢腾腾咿咿呀呀哼上老半天 乐队伴奏一听光是锣鼓家伙咙个哩个三大件 这怎么能够跟上时代赶上潮流 吸引当代小青年 紫色的天王托宝塔 绿色的魔鬼斗夜叉 金色的猴王 银色的妖怪 灰色的精灵笑哈哈……

一幅幅鲜明的鸳鸯瓦一群群生动的活菩萨 一笔笔勾描一点点夸大 一张张脸谱美佳佳……

3.3.2 修辞性重叠或重复(Rhetorical Reduplication and Repetition) The streets of New York were brilliant with moving men. 纽约的大街上，人来人往，五光十色。

It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do.爱一行干一行不行，要干一行爱一行。 There were platters of smoking sausages and sauerkraut, there were many whole pink hams, there were mounds of boiled potatoes, piles of fried chicken, stacked loaves of fresh bread, pitchers of beers, immense whole yellow and orange cheese. 桌上摆满了一大盘一大盘的熏香肠和酸白菜，整块整块粉红色的火腿，一堆堆 煮熟的马铃薯和油炸子鸡，一摞摞新鲜的面包，大壶大壶的啤酒，许多整块整 块的黄色和桔红色干酪。

Translation PracticeThe First SnowThe first snow came. How beautiful it was, falling so silently all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on the meadows, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead! All white save the river, that marked its course by a winding black line across the

landscape; and the leafless trees, that against the leaden sky nowrevealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their branches. What silence, too, came with the snow, and what seclusion! Every sound was muffled; every noise change to

something soft and musical. No more tramping hoofs, no morerattling wheels! Only the chiming of sleigh-bells, beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of children.