2019江苏省高考英语模拟试卷(带话题作文热点,答案解析,很实用)

阅读理解(共两节)第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。A

Memory, they say, is a matter of practice and exercise. If you have the wish and really make a conscious effort, then you can quite easily improve your ability to remember things. But even if you are successful, there are times when your memory seems to play tricks on you.

Sometimes you remember things that really did not happen. One morning last week, for example, I got up and found that I had left the front door unlocked all night, yet I clearly remember locking it carefully the night before.

Memory “tricks” work the other way as well. Once in a while you remember not doing something and then find out that you did. One day last month, for example, I was sitting in a barbershop waiting for my turn to get a haircut, and suddenly I realized that I had got a haircut two days before at the barbershop across the street from my office.

We always seem to find something funny and amusing in incidents caused by people's forgetfulness or absent-mindedness. Stories about absent-minded professors have been told for years, and we never get tired of hearing new ones. Unfortunately, however, absent-mindedness is not always funny. There are times when “tricks” of our memory can cause us great trouble.

21．If you want to have a good memory, you should ________．

A．force yourself to remember thingsB．make a conscious effort of practice and exercise C．never stop learningD．try hard to remember things

22．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．One night the writer forgot to lock the front door.

B．One night the writer forgot having locked the front door.

C．The writer remembered to lock the door.

D．The writer remembered unlocking the front door.

23．Which can be inferred from the text?

A．If you improve your memory, memory can't trick you.

B．The author went to the same barbershop to get a haircut.

C．Memory can trick people in different ways.

D．Absent-mindedness surely causes us trouble.

24．Which of the following could be the best title for this passage?

A．The Key to a Good MemoryB．“Tricks” of Memory

C．The Dangers of ForgetfulnessD．The Dangers of Absent-mindedness

B

The discovery of a dwarfed (矮个的) “human being” who lived in Flores, Indonesia (印度尼西亚), up to 18，000 years ago is changing the way we think about the human family. This “Flores Human” was three feet tall and her brain was smaller than that of the average chimp (黑猩猩), yet she and her relatives apparently lived fully human lives. They seemed to have made tools, worked together to find food and cook it, and perhaps even buried the dead with ceremony.

It was a major surprise to find tools associated with the new human family member. The tools are like those formerly seen only with European fossils (化石) from our own species, Homo sapiens (智人), and the oldest of them were made 94，000 years ago. Homo sapiens is thought to have arrived in the island about 40，000 years ago, much too late to be responsible for the tools. If this_tiny_human made the tools, then the inside structure (结构) of its brain must have been more like our own than a chimp's, despite being just a third the size of ours.

This “new human” was suspected to be a dwarfed branch of Homo erectus (直立人). When creatures are separated in regions with rare resources but few enemies, being big is a disadvantage, and evolution tends to shrink them, a process known as island dwarfing. Could natural selection make a human smaller while keeping —even improving —mental ability? Quite possibly, believes Christopher Wills of the University of California.

Has the “Flores Human” even shown the ability of language? “I find it difficult to imagine that people could make tools, use fire, and kill large animals without fairly advanced communication.” says Wills. Did “Flores Human” possess t he basic components of human culture，such as the burying of the dead with ceremony? Emiliano Bruner of the Institute points out that Indonesia's hot, wet environment is bad for fossilization. It is reasonable to assume, he says, that the 18，000-year-old bones of the most complete Flores woman were well preserved because she was buried with special care.

25．According to the passage, “Flores Human” ________．

A．lived a partly human lifeB．was a branch of Homo sapiens

C．used tools before Homo sapiens arrivedD．had a brain as a common chimp's

26．The underlined part “this tiny human” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________．

A．a chimp B．Flores HumanC．Homo sapiens D．Homo erectus

27．This passage mainly talks about ________．

A．the tools made by “Flores Human”B．the lang uage used by “Flores Human”

C．the evolution of “Flores Human”D．the major surprising findings about “Flores Human”

28．According to the passage, it is believed that “Flores Human” ________．

A．was dwarfed by its enemiesB．could use language

C．left a lot of fossils in hot and wet environmentD．reached Flores 40，000 years ago

C

More than 10 years ago, it was difficult to buy a tasty pineapple (菠萝). The fruits that made it to the UK were green on the outside and, more often than not, hard with an unpleasant taste within. Then in 1996, the Del Monte Gold pineapple produced in Hawaii first hit our shelves.

The new type of pineapple looked more yellowy-gold than green. It was slightly softer on the outside and had a lot of juice inside. But the most important thing about this new type of pineapple was that it was twice as sweet as the hit-and-miss pineapples we had known. In no time, the Del Monte Gold took the market by storm, rapidly becoming the world's best-selling pineapple variety, and delivering natural levels of sweetness in the mouth, up until then only found in tinned pineapple.In nutrition it was all good news too. This nice-tasting pineapple contained four times more vitamin C than the old green variety. Nutritionists said that it was not only full of vitamins, but also good against some diseases. People were understandably eager to be able to buy this wonderful fruit. The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater.

Seeing the growing market for its winning pineapple, Del Monte tried to keep the market to itself. But other fruit companies developed similar pineapples. Del Monte turned to law for help, but failed. Those companies argued successfully that Del Monte's attempts to keep the golden pineapple for itself were just a way to knock them out of the market.

29．We learn from the text that the new type of pineapple is ________．

A．green outside and sweet insideB．good-looking outside and soft inside

C．yellowy-gold outside and hard insideD．a little softer outside and sweeter inside

30．Why was the new type of pineapple selling well?

A．It was rich in nutrition and tasted nice.B．It was less sweet but good for health.

C．It was developed by Del Monte.D．It was used as medicine.

31．The underlined word “fixture” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to something ________．A．that people enjoy eatingB．that is always present

C．that is difficult to getD．that people use as a gift

32．We learn from the last paragraph that Del Monte ________．

A．allowed other companies to develop pineapplesB．succeeded in keeping the pineapple for itselfC．tried hard to control the pineapple marketD．planned to help the other companies

D

Darwin's frogs are a family of small frogs found on the southwest coast of South America. They were named after Charles Darwin, who happened to see one of the two species in 1834.These creatures usually reach a size of only 3 cm in length. They are mostly green frogs, and have long, narrow noses. When threatened, they roll over and play dead until the danger has passed, looking like dead leaves.

Darwin's frogs are the only known species of frogs where males can get “pregnant”. They swallow their babies into their vocal sacs (声囊), protecting them from enemies until they have become fully grown. But nothing can protect them from a deadly fungus (真菌), which has helped push one of the two species of these frogs to probable extinction, and driven a decline (下降) in the second variety, new research shows.

Researchers looked at museum specimens (标本) of both species and found that the fungus started showing up in these and other frogs in the 1970s, about when populations of both began to decline, according to a study published in the journal PLOS ONE. One of the species, the northern Darwin's frog, hasn't been seen since 1980 and is likely extinct. “The fungus is probably the main reason for the frog's disappearance，” said Marcus Rowcliffe, a researcher at the Zoological Society of London.

The southern Darwin's frog is still around, but has declined faster than previously thought in recent years. The researchers found that a small percentage of them were infected with the fungus, although at lower rates than other species. This could mean that the fungus more easily kills them. They also found that populations of Darwin's frogs were lower in areas with higher rates of fungal infection. In 2007, 30 wild southern Darwin's frogs were caught to be raised in Germany, but all of them died from the fungus. The International Union for Conservation of Nature, an environmental

group, called the fungus the worst infectious disease ever recorded among animals with backbones.

33．What can we learn about Darwin's frogs?

A．They usually live on dead leaves. B．They are big with long, narrow noses.

C．They were named after their discoverer. D．They can be seen everywhere in the America.

34．Darwin's frogs are unusual because ________．

A．both females and males can get pregnant B．they eat their own babies when in danger C．male frogs help raise the young in their mouths

D．they are the only animals infected with thefungus

35．According to the text, the northern Darwin's frog ________．

A．suffered greatly from a fungus B．is likely to survive the infection

C．has already disappeared from the earth D．began to decline in the early 20th century 第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Kids with Special Needs

Kids with special needs refer to any kid who might need extra help because of medical, emotional, or learning problems. For example, disabled kids need wheelchairs. They not only need the equipment that helps them get around, but they might need to have ramps (斜坡) or elevators available. __36__

Kids with an illness would have special needs, too. __37__ Kids with sight problems might need Braille books to read. Kids with hearing problems might need hearing aids.

__38__ It might be harder to do normal things — like learning to read or just getting around school. The good news is that parents, doctors, nurses, teachers, and others can help. The goal is to help kids be as independent as possible.

Other kids also can be a big help. How? By being a friend. Kids who use a wheelchair or have lots of health problems want friends just as you do. But meeting people and making friends can be difficult. __39__ Be sure to tell a teacher if you see someone being bullied (欺侮) or teased.

__40__ You might carry the person's books or do something simple, such as asking him or her to join you and your friends at lunch. It's also important not to be “overly helpful” when no help is needed. Why? Because just like you, kids with special needs like to be as independent as