初中英语介词用法总括

初中英语介词用法总括

1.in 序号

功能

含义

理解核心

典型例句

1 表示时间

in Tang dynasty; in the 19th century;

朝代、古今、世纪、年代、年、季、月、

in 1980;

星期、早、下午、晚上、过去、将来等不

in this year;

在某段时间 具体的、模糊的大于1天的时间段。

in spring;

（注意和at在这方面的区别：at指的是

in a week;

短于1天的时间点）

in a month; in the morning

in china; in huabei; in Beijing; in the sky

在某个地方

国家、地区、省、市、区、太空、天空等 (自然意义上的地方)

2 表示位置

车、教室、超市等 (注意和at在这方面

in the train;

在某个场所 的区别，at一般用在：家、角、店、站、

in the classroom;

口等可能有和露天接触的地方)

We are in the classroom;

除实物里面外，注意“光、灯、影、树荫、They are sitting in the shade of a 雨、森林”，有全身置入某种环境之中的tree; 含义在内。 They are studying in the

brightlight. 用在一般将来时中，是从“现在时间点往

They will come back in 10 days

后..”

I wrote a novel in Russian； The

关于“材料“，注意和with在这个用法

length is measured in meter, and

上的区别。 (with偏向“工具”，in偏

centimetre； This board was cast in

向“材料”)

gold. He wasn’t in good health,so talk in

状态：既可以指人的状态，也可指物的状low voice. Our country in rich in 态； 方面：既可指具体，也可指抽象方natural resources; A good 面； 服饰：尤以颜色和状态常考 teacher must be an example in

study He is in red shoes today in all 总计;in general 一般来说；in time 及时；in advance 事前;in the meantime 与此同时;in place 适当地； in the hope of怀着 希望;in connection with 和 有关;in contact with 和 联系;in addition to 除 以外;in case of 倘若，万一;in conflict with 和 冲突;in force 有

甲处于乙中

3 表示将来 在 以后

4

语言 单位 材料

/

5

状态 方面 服饰

/

初中阶段应掌握的 In的常见短语

介词短语

效的，大批;in depth 彻底地;in regard to 关于;in the neighborhood of 大 约、邻近;in retrospect 回顾，一想起;in behalf of 代表 利益;in the long run 从长远说来;in one's opinion 在 看来;in word 口头上;in a word 总 之;in vain 无益地, 白白地;in case 如果，万一，以防;in detail 详细地;in haste 急急忙忙地;in conclusion 总之；in spite of 尽管;in other words 换 句话说;in return 作为回报;in the name of 以 名义；be confident in 对 有信心;be interested in 对 感兴趣;in doubt 怀疑;in love 恋爱 中;in debt 负债;in hesitation 犹豫不决;in wonder 在惊奇中;in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地);in a good mood (情绪)好; in danger, in debt(负 债), in a hurry;in stock(有库

存);in peace(平安) (at peace 和平), believe in 信任; break in break in 闯入,插嘴,打断;bring in 引起；产生； 带来; come in 进来；流行；call in 下令收回; take in 吸收、卷起；订阅，上 当，受骗； turn in 上缴，归还；fill in 填充；get in 收获；succeed in 成功； check in 到达登记， in 插嘴,插入； cut count in 包括； draw in 时间接近； drop in 顺路拜访； give in 投降、 屈服； go in for 参加； 爱好， 追求； hand in 交 上，上缴；pour in 源源而来。

动词短语

2.on 序号 功能 含义 理解核心 典型例句

1

表示时间

在某天或一 天内的某个 时间段

On Sunday(Mon.Tue );on May 12th 1998;on the night of 在星期几、具体的某一天 or 某日的 Oct.29th;on Wed.morning;on a cold 早、中、晚 (时间前有定语修饰) night;on children’day(核心提示： 所有的 节日都是用 on) There are a lot of books on the shelf; On the face; on the head;on the floor\football field\playgroud\road\roof\ On the farm \on the market(常考)

(具体) 在 上面

与物体表面相接触(注意与 above\over 的区别)

2

表示位置 (抽象) 在 上面

收音机、电视、电话、网络、手机、 On TV; on radio; surf on the internet;on 问题、纸张 (所有有形的，无形的 the phone; You are wrong on all these “新闻媒体上”都是用 on) issues On the left; on the right; on both sides; there is a hotel on the lake On duty; on show; on fire; on strike; on sale;on business;on schedule; on time;on the country;on scale

在 (边) 左、右、两边 上

3

表示状态

处于 状态

人或者物的目前状态;

4

表示关系

关于 文章 or 论

On 指专门论述(注意和 about 相区 I want a book on South 别) Africa. He wrote an article on the

著 (高中 阶段掌握)

importance of birth control

靠

相当于 depend on 的含义

The people in the south live on rice; You can't afford the expensive ring on an income of 1000 yuan a month; on foot

5

特定时间

一 就 (高 中阶段掌 握)

相当于 as soon as+主语的含义

On entering the room, he friends dancing;

found his

介词短语

初中阶段应掌 握 In 的常见短 语

On the spot 当场；立即；on the run 在逃跑中；On the air 在广播中；on fire 着火； time 准时； duty 值日； strike 罢工； on sale 上市； the country on on on on 相反地；on schedule 按时间表，准时; on business 公事； on display 在展出； on the one hand 一方面；on the other hand 另一方面； on one’s way to 在 路上；on one’s own=by oneself;on top of;and so on 等等；on purpose 故意， 专门 特别注意：乘坐交通工具都用 by,但 on foot 步行；on horse 骑马；on donkey 骑驴 Bring on 引起，导致； call on 号召，拜访；decide on 决定;depend on 依 靠，取决于；get on 上车；相处；

进展; go on 继续; get on with 进展，相处； look on 旁观，观望；look on as 把 看/当作;look down on 看不起，轻视； pass on 传递，传交；hand on 传递下去；put on 表演，上演；戴/穿上；假装； take on 呈现，具有；流行；承担，雇用；turn on 打开(灯，气，水，电器等); work on 继续工作, 钻研(学问或技术); carry on 继续开展，坚持; hold on 继续；(电话)不挂断；抓牢，坚持;try on 试穿。

动词短语

3.at

序号

功能

含义

理解核心

典型例句

1

表示时间

At noon;at night;at midnight;at dawn;at lunch;at breakfast;at supper;at dinner;at 在 时刻\岁 In 是时间段，at 是时间点，相 the moment;at the same time;at once;at the 时 对更精确 beginning of;at the end of;at the age of; at daybreak;at sunrise;at sunset; at 7 o’clock at(on) the weekend 常考 在 位置 或场所 at the foot of;at the corner of ; at the 家、脚、角、店、站、口、底、 crossroads;at the gate of;at he bottom of; 中心、核心 at the top of;at the center of; at a

2

表示地点

distance;at the edge of ;at home;at the barbar’s;at the airport;at the station; at 405 Victory Road 速度 3 表示度 以 速度 The car ran at 120miles an hour; At full speed Water usually boils at 100°; at 10 degrees centigrade The pen was sold at a good price; at low cost

温度 价格

在 度 按 价格

4

表示方向

朝 ,向

表示动作的方向

Aim at 向..瞄准； shout at 向..大喊； throw at 向..扔；smile at 向..微笑；rush at 向..冲 去;fire at 向..开火

5

表示原因

由于(高中 阶段掌握 擅长于

一般用在系表结构中， 对形容词 I was surprised at the news; He was 的原因进行说明 discouraged at his failure 固定考点：be good at;be bad He at;an expert at is good at drawing(at 后接名词或动名词)

6

表示能力

介词短语 初中阶段应掌 握 In 的常见短 语

at first 首先，开始时；at last;at most;at least 至少；at all events 无 论如何；at home 在家，无拘束；at a loss 不知怎办；at any rate 不管怎样； at length 详细地；be at high tide 处于高潮期；at our invitation 应我们 的邀请；at our request 应我们的请求；at the news 听到这消息；at the risk of 冒 危险；at a great expense 以巨大费用；at intervals of 每隔；at the sight of 一见到 at the point of 接近，靠近；at the thought of 一想到； at the speed of 以 速度；at the cost (price) of 以 为代价；at leisure 闲着、失业；at stake 在危险中、在成败关头；at bottom 实际上、本质上；at short notice 一得到通知;at seeing us 看到我们；at the present stage 在 现阶段；at the weekend 周末；at all times 永远； call at 访问(某地);come at 袭击，攻击; get at 意指，本意是；理解；到 达; knock at 敲打(门窗),

敲击; look at 看; work at 从事, 致力于, 钻研; laugh at 嘲笑；glare at 怒目而视； glance at 匆匆一瞥；point at 指向

动词短语

4.about 序号 1 2 含义 关于、有关 大约 , 近于 表示时间或数量 理解核心 典型例句 This is a book about how to study english I will be with you in about 3minutes; about 30students in the classroom. He walked about the street. There are

3

到处，在 相当于 here and there 周围，附近

4

What abo About 为介词， 所以后接动词 ing What about taking a break? ut ?(习 形式

惯用语) go about 着手,四处走走;set about 着手， 开始;worry about 为 担心; come about 发生;care about 关心、在意; bring about 引起，带来,导致;knock about 漫游；look about 四处看看，四处环顾；set about doing 着手做， 开始；turn about 向后转；think about 考虑(是否去做);argue about 争论; know about 了解;hear about 听说;ask about 询问;chat about 闲 聊;quarrel about 争吵;speak/talk about 谈论;complain about 报怨

动词短语

5.above

序号 含义

理解核心

典型例句

1

The mountain is 2000meters above the sea level(位置); I know 表示位置、地位、 you're above me socially, but I must say you are rude man(职 高于，在 之 年龄、 价格、 量(重、 位) The old lady is above eighty(年龄); There are above forty 上 数、度)、音调等 girl students in the class(数量); Our private car weighs 1.8tons(重量); Any money earned over that level is taxed(度量) 非 能力所 及，超出 能力、行为、品质 The maths problem is above me; Honest above everything else; He is 等 above doing such things(他不至于做出那样的事情来) Above all 首先，最重要的是，最要紧的是； He was above all a good and tireless writer; above all, we must be health

2

介词短语

6.across

序号 1

含义 横过、穿过

理解核心 表示动作的方向

典型例句 He swam across the river; walk across the street. The policeman helped the old man

2

在对面， 在那 表示位置上的对应关系， He lives across the street; 在 一边 隔着的对面 ocean

Japan

lies across the pacific

常见短语

Come across 偶遇；get across 横穿马路；能理解，被听懂；run across 偶遇，横跨；

7.against

序号 1

含义 撞到、紧靠

理解核心

典型例句

表示动作的方向，有靠、撞 I have hit my head against a wall; She stood with her 击的意思 back against the tree; The rain beat against the windows

2

Are you for or against the plan? There were 20 votes for 反对(赞成的反义) 逆方 反、逆、违背 her and 12 against her; He is swimming against this 向; 违背(意愿等) current. She did it against her own will 以防 表示陪衬 (大学阶段掌握此用法) (高中阶段掌握此用法) They saved money against old age. The red flag is fluttering against the blue sky; His

red clothes stook out clearly against the snow.

3 4

常见短语

Go against 违反、违背、反对；stand against 反对，不支持；turn against(转而)反对， 背叛；run against 违反，偶然遇到；fight against 与 斗争； over against 正对着， 在 对面 (fe: he lived over against the school)

8.after

序号

含义 (时间、顺 序、位置) 在 之后

理解核心

典型例句

1

After breakfast he ordered a taxi. Shut the door after 表时间时，后面跟的 you; After you,please. A few kilometres after the village, 是个时间点 turn right to Montelabate

2

A police is running after a thief; He is after a job at our 探求、追求、 与 be 动词或其它动 place; I think he is only after money. What are you after? 追寻、找 词合用时，有此含义 I am looking for my wallet. 按照、仿照、 相当于 according to Make sentence after the example That was a play after 依照、效仿 的含义 Shakespeare. They named the building after the scientist. After failing in the last two English tests,he made up his mind 高级用法，高中阶段 to spend more time on English study. After all his 掌握 efforts,John has failed. Day after day 日复一日； year after year 年复一年； after nother One 一个接一个地，相继；after a little/moment/while 过了一会；after all 毕竟，终究；after one’s heart 合 的心；after service 售 后服务，after the fashion 勉强(fe: He can speak and write English after a fashion 他多少会说一些英语但不太好); Look after 照顾，照看；take after 相像，长得像，效仿(John takes after his dad);ask after 问候, be after 寻求,do(sth.)after 学 着做，go after 设法得到, inquire after 问候, run after 追求, seek after 追逐

3

4

由于，尽管

介词短语 常见短语

动词短语

9.along

序号 1

含义 顺着，沿着

理解核心

典型例句 walked along the street.

表具体：沿着具体物体的边缘 We

2

顺着，沿着

表抽象：沿着抽象事物的方向 发展 (该用法为 along 的副 My life is going along 词用法)

nicely

常见短语

1.Along with 与 一起(fe: The baby's mother escaped from the fire along with two other children); 2.all along 一直(fe: I've been fooling myself all along) 3.bring along 把 带来，领来;使发展(Did you bring along some books?) 4. come along 出 现；沿着 过来；加油；进展 5. get on / along (with..)进展；相处

10.among

序号

含义

理解核心 表具体：三者或者三者以上之中

典型例句 I found him among the crowd among you four Please divide the cake

1

在 之中；在.. 中间 表抽象

Most important among the country’s problems is the lack of health facilities. Einstein is among the greatest scientists

2

之一

相当于 one of 的功能

备注

-among 与 between 的区别：三者与两者之间的区别。但在下

列情况，between 可用于三者： (1) 当两个以上的人或物用 and 连接时：between A, B and C 在 A、B、C 之间；(2) 涉 及事物之间的区别或各国之间的关系时：the difference between the three of them 他 们三者之间的区别 the relations between various countries 各国之间的关系；(3) 表 示“由于 合作的结果”时：Between them they landed the fish. 他们协力把鱼拖上了 岸。(4) 在 divide, share 等表示“分享”之类的动词之后，若接一个表示三者或三者以 上的复数名词时， among between 均可： divided his money among [between] his five 用 He sons. 他把钱分给了 5 个儿子。

11.as

序号

含义

理解核心

典型例句

1

作为，当作

Don’t treat me as a child; I speak now as a friend,not 注意和 as for 的区别 (as as a teacher. As for me, I don’t mind going there by for 为至于，关于) train; The play started as I got there; singing very much as 当“连词”时的用法 As As I was a child,I liked

2 3

当 时候，在 同时 正如，就像 因为，由于

you can see,we are still working.

We have a very wonderful TV, but we hardly watch it as we have so much housework to do. 1. As .as 像 .一样 (fe: the little girl over there looks as beautiful as my daughter); 2. as long as 只要(fe: As long as you can keep away from them, you're safe) 3. as a matter of fact adv. 事实上(fe: I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow, as a matter of fact.) 4. as a whole adv. 总体上(fe: We must consider these matters as a whole) 5. as far as adv. 远到， 直到， 至 于( 6. As if 好象 似的 仿佛 一样 7. as well as adv. 也， 又 8. as well 也 (fe: Water is colourless, air as well) 9. not so much...as... 与其说...不如说是...(fe: He is not so much a writer as a reporter) 10. such as 像， 例如；譬如；诸如(fe: Many basic foodstuffs, such as bread and milk, are tax-free) 11. look on .as 把 .看作 .

注

12.

before

序号 含义

理解核心

典型例句 We have to finish the work before 10 o’clock. He made a speech before a lot of audience He arrived before me.

1

表示时间 在 以 前； 在 前 表示位置 面； 在 之前 表示顺序 以前，以往 在 以前

2 3

(此时 Before 做副词) She (此时 before 做连词) I

had never been to Italy before want to think it over before I decide about it

常用短语

1. before long 不久； (fe: I hope to see you again before long) 2. long before 很久以前 (fe: We've seen that film long before)

13.behind

序号 含义 1 比 晚；迟于

理解核心 表示时间

典型例句 Your ideas are behind the times; He arrived ten minutes behind time. He hide himself behind the tree. There is someone behind you. I am far behind you in English rest of the class in reading. He had his mother behind him. John’s behind the

2

在 后面

表示位置

3

落后于， 低

于， 不 表抽象：表示力量、能力等 如 支持； 作为 的后 此时相当于 support 的作用 盾

4

常用短语

1.behind schedule 不准时 2.behind the times 过时的 3.behind the curtain 在 幕后 4.far behind 在后面很远， 把 远远的甩在身后 5.left behind 遗留， 留下(被 动语句中更常用)

14.below

序号 含义

理解核心

典型例句

1

在 以下

具体：表示位置 (below 含某个 Don’t write your answer below this line; Fish were 水平线或水平面以下的意思，而 swimming below the surface of the water. under 是某个物体以下) 表示年龄 He can’t be below fifty.

2

3

低于，在..以 He is below me in the class; His income is below the 表示能力、级别、价值、程度、数 下 average income in the area; During the 量等 night,temperatures dropped below zero.

15.beside

序号 含义 1 在 旁边； 在..附近 和 相比

理解核心 表具体位置：表示地点

典型例句 He sat beside her all night; I want to buy a beautiful beside the river. Beside his ,my trouble is nothing; My work condition looks poor beside hers I was beside myself with joy.

2

引申用法(大学阶段掌握) Be beside oneself (with sth) 因 而忘形，失去控制

短语

16.besides

序号 含义

理解核心

典型例句

1

注意和 except 的 区别 (except 用来引出陈述中 唯一不适用的事 除..以外(还 物、 情形、 人或想 有) 法， 是从整体中除 去；而 besides 只是特别强调而 已) 另外，再说 (此时当副词)

Besides English ,we have to study math,Chinese and so on. Besides cancer, smoking can lead other diseases She is a nice girl except a bit ugly. There wasn't anything in the box except a few dirty clothes

2

I

don't like that new dictionary, besides, it's too expensive

17.between

序号

含义

理解核心

典型例句

1

2

在 之间(两 者) (常和 and What’s the differencde between women and man? They 常用) 抽象：表示比较、分配、 shared the chocolate between the two of them; The 关系、性质等 relations between teachers and students are excellent My job is between a secretary and a personal assistant.

The lunch hour is between 11 and 13pm; Shanxi province 具体：表示时间、位置、 is between henan and gansu The temperature is between 数量 25 degree and 30 all week

18.beyond

序号 含义 1

理解核心

典型例句

在 的那边； 在 以 表示具体位置：在某物体 The airport is 20miles beyond the town; What lies 外； 的范围之外 beyond the mountains? This book is beyond me; He is living beyond his 表示抽象的范围、限度等 income; The beauty of West Lake ia beyond words; The watch is damaged beyond repair 表示时间 He came home beyond the usual time;

2

超出，高于

3

过了，比..晚，迟于

19.but

序号 含义 1 2 除了..;除了..之外 常用短语

理解核心

典型例句 She h

as no choice but to cry.

Not only but also 不 He not only studies hard but also works well; Not only 但 而且 did he make a promise, but also he kept it(倒装)

20.by

序号 含义

理解核心

典型例句

1

在..旁边，身边

表示位置， 相当于 beside He stood by the window and look out over the fields; I 的意思 只是 by 可以用 haven’t got any money by me. 于引申含义 He is sure to come by 3 0’clock. The homework need to be ready by next Friday. In America many workers were paid by the week; Don’t judge a man by his clothes/looks; cotton crop has increased by 25% this year

2

到 时候 (为止， 以前) 表示时间(跟时间点)

3

按 ; 以

表示标准，度量，数量

The

4

by land (air, sea, water, bus) 陆路(航空，水陆，水路， 表示方法、方式、手段 乘、 靠、 用、 以、 通过、 乘公共汽车); by chance 偶然 by accident 偶然，无意 等 (海、陆、空、车、 被 中 The law of relativity was formulated by 偶、被) Einstein. I will contact you by letter/phone 相差 表示程度 (高级用法， He missed the train by five minutes; He is taller than 大学阶段掌握) his father by 2 centimeters 1. call by 顺道访问； 2. come by 从 旁走过； 3. go up by 上升到 了 4. go by(从 旁)走过/经过；依照，遵循；顺便走访； 5. pass by 经 过 6. stand by 支持(某人);袖手旁观； 7. By and by 不久以后； By mistake 由于差错导致； Day by day 一天天地 By oneself 独自地； By the way 顺便问一句 Little by little 逐渐地，一点点地； One by one 一个一个地； Side by side 肩并肩； Hand by hand 手拉手 Learn by heart 记住

5

动词短语

介词短语