人教版 高中英语必修四 Unit 2 Working the land 知识点串讲讲义

Book4 Unit 2 Working the land

Step3.Researching cooperatively& answering questions(合作探究, 解决问题)

Learn the usages of the following language points and answer some questions in groups.

1.At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.(P10) 当时饥荒是许多农村地区面临的严重问题。

【词语拓展】

hunger n./v.饥饿；渴望；使……饥饿

hungry adj.饥饿的；渴望的

die of hunger 死于饥饿

hunger for/after sth.渴望

go hungry挨饿

【小试身手】根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。

（1）The little boy who ran away from home soon felt ____________ .（饥饿）

（2）It，s terrible to_________ news when the family，s letters don，t arrive.（渴望）

（3）Many people in Africa had to(挨饿) ________and some even _________(死于饥饿)because of the lack of grain.

2.Dr.Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of fields.(P10)袁博士在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求达到增收的途径。

【词语拓展】search for；in search of；look for

search for 搜寻（动词词组）

in search of 搜寻（介词词组）

search...for 搜查某地/某人寻找某物

The dogs were in the forest in search of/looking for/searching for clues of the criminals. =The dogs searched the forest for clues of the criminals.

=The dogs were in the forest to look for clues of the criminals. 

【小试身手】选用上述短语填空。

(1)The poor professor felt everywhere on the floor _____________ his glasses.

(2)The police ____________ the thief ____________ the lost wallet.

(3)What are you _____________？You，ve been on net for ages.

3.Thanks to his research, the UN is trying to rid the world of hunger.(P10)

由于他的研究，联合国正在使世界摆脱饥饿。

thanks to=because of由于；多亏 

【即学即练】完成下列句子。

(1) ____________(多亏你的帮助),we were successful.

(2) _______(幸亏他体质好),Jack was able to pull through his recent serious illness.

4.You might guess that Dr Yuan, who is now rich and famous, is satisfied with his life.(P10)你可能会以为袁博士现在富裕了，出了名，他对生活就满足了。

【词语拓展】satisfy one，s needs满足某人的需要

be satisfied with 对……满意

with satisfaction 满意地

to one，s satisfaction 使某人满意的是……

be far from satisfactory 远远不能让人满意

satisfy vt. 使满意,使确信,使消除疑虑

【即学即练】将下列句子译成英语。

(1)考试结果让我们大家都满意。________________________________________

(2)他圆满的解释消除了我的顾虑。________________________________________

5.Indeed,he believes that a person with too much money has more, rather than fewer troubles.(P10)他确实认为，一个人有了太多钱，他的麻烦事只会更多，而不是更少。

【句型归纳】

rather than 而不是

would rather do sth.than do sth.else.宁愿干某事，而不愿干某事

would do sth.rather than do sth.else.宁愿干某事，而不愿干某事

would rather that sb.did/had done sth.宁愿某人干/干过某事

prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.else.宁愿干某事，而不愿干某事

prefer doing sth.to doing sth.else.宁愿干某事，而不愿干某事

【即学即练】完成下列句子。

（1）We ___________live in the countryside ________ in the city.

（2）I __________ you were here now.

（3）He __________staying home _________ climbing the mountain with his parents.

（4）It is you _____________ he that is to blame.

6.He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.(P10)于是他拿出好几百万元帮助其他人进行农业科学研究。

equip v.使(某人)具备条件；装备；配备

【词语归纳】

equipment n.装备；设备

equip sb.for/to do sth.使某人具备做某事的条件

equip...with...用……装备……

equip oneself with 使自己准备好做某事

【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。

（1）Your training will ___________ .（使你能够胜任将来的工作）

（2）Please _________ a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.（为自己准备）

（3）A good education_____________ .（能受用终生）

7.Now Dr.Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown all around the globe.(P10)如今袁博士还有另外一个梦想：那就是看到他的稻谷长遍全球。

【词语归纳】

export v./n.输出；出口；出口物

exporter n.出口者 

exportation n.输出；出口

【即学即练】完成下列句子。

(1)原油已经取代咖啡成为我们的主要出口货物。

Oil has supplanted coffee _______________ .

(2)这家公司国内市场非常大，不需要出口。

This company has a large home market and_________ .

Step4.Summing &chewing, summarizing knowledge（总结反刍 ，知识梳理）

【近义词辨析】Discuss the usages of the following similar words and finish the exercises in groups:

1. expand, extend , spread 和 stretch

【课本原句】Dr.Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.(P10)

expand “展开，扩大”与 extend，spread和stretch是同义词。

【观察例句】A child’s vocabulary expands through reading.孩子的词汇量通过阅读得到扩大。 为什么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢？

As children grow older they

随着儿童的成长，他们的兴趣会变广，人也会变 得更自信。 他详细地说明了自己的新理论。 现已有扩大无烟区的计划。 展览会又延长了六周。 山谷在我们的下方延伸。 鸟展开它的翅膀。 这件毛衣给撑得变形了。 有什么办法能把这件衣服拉长吗？

【归纳总结】 (1)expand“展开，扩大”，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。

(2)extend “伸出，延伸”，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸，也可指时间的延长。(3)spread“伸开，传播”，一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播(疾病)，散布(信息)等。(4)stretch“伸展，拉长”，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长。

【即学即用】请用expand，extend，spread和stretch分别完成下列各句：

1．猫在火炉前伸开四肢。The cat _________ out in front of the fire.

2. 炎热的天气一直持续到十月份。The hot weather __________ to October.

3. 随着年龄的增长，孩子们的兴趣会变广泛，人也会变得更自信。

As children grow older they _________ their interests and become more confident.

4. 火势不久就蔓延到邻近的建筑。The fire soon _________ to the nearby buildings.

5.铁加热会膨胀。Iron will ________ when heated.

2. thanks to, due to, owing to 和 because of

3. lead to, result in 和 result from

（各组近义词组的【归纳总结】与检测题参见由王军龙主编，陕西师大出版社出版的《新课程高中英语词汇导学练》P99-100）

【长句辨析】

1.if so 如果这样, so 用在 if之后，代替前面的分句或句子，构成缩略条件句，语意可由上下文语境得知；其否定缩略形式为 if not ，表示“如果不是这样”。

Will you have a free evening tonight? ______, let’s have a dinner together.

A. If not B. Why not C. If so D. What if

2. What do you think would happen if tomorrow there was suddenly no rice to eat?

特殊疑问词+主句的疑问句序+从句的陈述句序。常用于该句型的主句的谓语动词有：think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect 等。

----I haven’t heard Henry for a long time.

----What did you suppose _____to him?

A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. had happened

3.would rather 宁愿，宁可

would rather do…than do…宁愿做…..不愿做…..

would do…rather than…宁愿做…..不愿做…..

would rather (that) sb did sth/ had done sth 宁愿某人…..做…..

(1)----Shall we go skating or stay at home?

----Which______do?

A. would you rather B. do you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather

(2)I would rather you _____with us yesterday, but you left.

A. had stayed B. stay C. stayed D. have stayed

4. rather than 而不是，宁愿…..而不 常用来连接连个并列成分，表示在两者之间进行选择。prefer to do rather than do 宁可…..而不……

（1）He would rather____his life than ____damage done to state property.

A. lose; to see B. to lose; see C. to lose; to see D. lose; see

(2)Rather than _____his bicycle to work, he always prefers _____there.

A. ride; walk B. riding; walk C. ride; to walk D. to ride; walking

(3) The kid, rather than his parents,_____said to have had an accident while travelling.

A. is B. are C. will be D. would be

5. 英语中表达“倍数”的方式：

（1）倍数+比较级+than

（2）倍数+as +原级+as

(3)倍数+the+名词（size, length, width, height, amount等）+of

(4)倍数+what=clause

(5)主语+谓语+by +倍数 Compared with that of last year, our coal output has increased by three times.

（1）Americans eat ____vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.

A. more than twice B. as twice as many

C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many

(2)After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _____tractors in 1988 as the year before.

A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as

(3)I want to buy a rope which is ______this one.

A. twice as longer as B. as twice long as C. twice the length of D. as twice as

Step5.Testing in class & improving skills（随堂检测，落实考点）

Task5.Choose the best one from A,B,C or D for the following each exercise:

1 .(1)What led you ____that Bob was the thief?

A. to think B. thinking C. in thinking D. to thinking

(2)Students should always remember that hard work is the basic wasy which_____success.

A. leads B. leading C. leads to D. lead to

(3)The serious mistake in the experiment led to ______.

A. the student having punished B. punish the student

C. the student being punished D. the student to be punished

【解析】lead vt 引导，领导，影响，劝诱，使过生活等；vi 通向，导致 ；n 领先地位 lead to 通向，导致 ；lead sb to do sth 诱使某人做…… ；lead sb in doing sth 带领某人做……；lead the way 带路 ；lead a …life 过…..的生活 ；in/have the lead 领先 ；take the lead in…在…..方面领先。

2. (1)He couldn’t_____study with so much noise outside.

A.focus his attention to B. focus his attention on

C. focus his attention with D. pay attention on

(2)The nuclear problem in Iran has now become_____of worldwide media attention.

A. the focus B. the base C. the middle D. the midst

【解析】focus n 聚集，聚焦，焦点，焦距，活动中心 ；vi vt 能够看清楚，使某物集中于…..； be in/out of foucs 焦点对准（没对准） ；go out of focus 模糊，不清楚，不在焦点上 ；come into focus 清晰，明确，在焦点上 ；bring sth into focus 对好焦距，使某物变得清楚。

3 . (1)The heavy rain_____for several days and all the roads were flooded.

A. went B. kept on C. fell down D. kept up

(2)We kept on ____that they would have a chance to visit China some day.

A. sending our hope B. to send our hope C. send our hope D. our hope

(3)Something must be done to keep________.

A. the boy to make noise B. the boy making noise

C. the noise from making by the boy D. the boy from making noise

(4)If city noises _____from increasing , people ____shout to be heard even at dinner table 20 years from now.A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to

C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to

【解析】keep…free from/of 使…..免受…..；keep in touch with… 与…..保持联系；keep sth/sb out of sth 不然某物/某人入内，使某物/某人留在外面 ；keep out 挡住，使进不去；keep back 阻挡；keep an eye on sth 注意，看守，照看，瞧着点；keep…in mind 牢记，放在心上；keep off 使避开，使不要踩；keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事；keep sb doing sth 使某人不停地做某事；keep on doing sth 继续做某事；keep one’s word 遵守诺言，履行某人义务或保证；keep silence 保持安静，沉默不出声；keep a secret 保守秘密，守口如瓶；keep one’s head 保持镇静；keep one’s mind on 把注意力集中在…..上；keep one’s temper 不生气，按不住性子；keep a firm(tight) hold(grip) on牢牢控制 ；keep up with 赶上；keep up 保持，持续。

4 . (1)The text is too difficult . Please _____on it.

A. turn B. comment C. put D. try

(2)I think he’ll surely give ______you composition if you ask him to.

A. comment on B. comments about C. comments on 给…..作注释 D. comment up on

【解析】comment n 评论，批评，评语vi 评论，发表意见 vt 发表意见，评论comments on 给…..作注释。

5. The basin _____water soon. You can’t pour more in.

A. is full with B. fills with C. is filled of D. is filled with

【解析】full adj be full of …充满……（强调状态）；be filled with…用……装满（强调动作）。

6. (1)The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, _____they’ll save us money in the long run.

A. because B. since C. for D. but

(2)It must have rained last night,______the ground is wet now.

A. for B. as C.since D. because

(3)______industry to develop so rapidly, more and more waste will be produced.

A. For B. With C. As D. Because of

【解析】辨析： for because as since 和now that for为并列连词，是对前述动作的进一步补充说明或表示由果推因，要置于前一个分句后面，其间用逗号隔开； because表示直接原因，回答why的提问或回答对方不知道的原因； as表示较为明显的原因，语气较弱，比较口语化，意思为“由于”； since 表示已经知道的事实或理由，意思是“既然”；

now that 同since。

7. If you want something more, this is ____what I wrote yesterday.

A. in addition B. in addition to C. with the addition D. addition to

【解析】addition 构成的几个短语：in addition to 此外，还加之，除……之外； in addition 加上，又，另外 ；with the addition of 外加。

8. (1)When the day began to break, the guy we were waiting for the whole night finally_______.

A. turned out B. turned up C. rose up D. came up

(2)The performance supposed to be popular______to be a great disappointment after it was over.A. turned up B. turned down C. turned out D. turned over

(3)He was turned ____advice by all of us.A. to for B. for to C. to D. for

【解析】 turn to by turns轮流地，交替地 ；in turn 依次地，按顺序地；turn around/ round 转变，转好；turn away 回绝，把……打发走 ；turn back 折回，往回走 turn down 拒绝，关小，调小；turn up出现，声音调大；turn in 上交，交还；turn off；turn on；turn out结果证明是……； turn over 打翻；turn into 变成； turn against背叛 it’s one’s turn to do sth轮到某人做某事； take turns at/about sth=take turns to do sth 轮流做某事。

（答案参见由王军龙主编，陕西师大出版社出版的《新课程高中英语词汇导学练》P121）