关于“动词-ing形式”的用法,本报语法栏目已作了大量的讲解。本文试图用“问题解答”和“判断正误”两种方式,从另外的角度来分析其用法。【问题解答】【问】No reference books are to be taken out of the reading room without permission. She walked slowly in order not to wake up the sleeping baby. 在这两句话中,reading 和sleeping 都分别作了room和baby的定语,但总感觉它们有些不同,请讲一下之间的区别好吗?
动词-ing用法面面观
山东 刘永科
关于“动词-ing形式”的用法,本报语法栏目已作了大量的讲解。本文试图用“问题解答”和“判断正误”两种方式,从另外的角度来分析其用法。
【问题解答】
【问】No reference books are to be taken out of the reading room without permission. She walked slowly in order not to wake up the sleeping baby. 在这两句话中,reading 和sleeping 都分别作了room和baby的定语,但总感觉它们有些不同,请讲一下之间的区别好吗?
【答】你的问题很好。reading 和room的关系以及sleeping和baby的关系,的确是不一样的。在the reading room 中,room和reading的关系是目的关系,相当于the room for reading. 又如:
a swimming pool = a pool for swimming (游泳池)
a washing machine = a machine for washing (洗衣机)
the waiting room = the room for waiting (候车室)
a writing desk = a desk for writing (写字台)
在the sleeping baby中, baby和sleeping的关系是主谓关系,相当于the baby who is sleeping. 又如:
a barking dog = a dog that is barking (正在吠叫的狗)
flying birds = birds that are flying (正在飞行的鸟)
smiling faces = faces that are smiling (微笑的脸)
a floating boat = a boat that is floating (一只正在飘浮的船)
【结论】“动词-ing”作前置定时,被修饰语和它的关系有可能是“目的关系”,有可能是“主谓关系”。如果是前者,那么就可以用for doing 放在被修饰语之后作定语;如果是后者,那么“动词-ing”就可以扩展为一个进行时态的定语从句。
【问题解答】
【问】单个的“动词-ing”作定语都是放在被修饰词的前面,如果“动词-ing短语”作定语,该放在什么位置? 转换成定语从句一定是进行时态吗?
【答】一般说来,单个的“动词-ing”作定语都是放在被修饰词的前面,但“动词-ing短语”作定语,则放在后面。例如:
Do you know the girl reading a novel over there? 转换为:
Do you know the girl who is reading a novel over there? (现在进行时)
转换成定语从句,不一定都是进行时态,也许是一般现在时态,这要看整个句子的意思。例如:
They are visitors coming from several countries. 转换为:
They are visitors who come from several countries. (一般现在时)
The lake lying in the west of Hangzhou is called the West Lake. 转换为:
The lake which lies in the west of Hangzhou is called the West Lake. (一般现在时)
【判断正误】
黑体部分是“带有逻辑主语的动词-ing”,请给下列句子作个诊断。
第一组: