空气环境质量;PM2.5
第35卷第2期2014年2月
环境科学Vol.35,No.2Feb.,2014
北京地区冬春PM2.5和PM10污染水平时空分布及其
与气象条件的关系
*
王云琦,张会兰,赵冰清赵晨曦,王玉杰,
(北京林业大学水土保持学院,水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083)
摘要:北京2012~2013年的冬春多次出现雾霾天气,可吸入颗粒物(PM10)污染严重.而PM2.5作为PM10中粒径较小的部分,在PM10中所占比重越高,本研究选取了能够覆盖北京所有区县的30个PM2.5和PM10的质量浓度监测点,污染越严重.因此,对该地区的PM2.5和PM10污染特征进行分析,确定其空间差异特征和时间性变化特征.普通克里格插值(OriginalKriging)法得到的北京地区冬、春季颗粒物浓度分布图显示,颗粒物浓度从北部山区到南部地区逐渐递增,在中心城区处,西部高于东1月最高,4月最低;逐日变化反映了PM2.5和部,且局部地区存在一定的城乡差异.颗粒物浓度月变化曲线呈单峰单谷型,PM10浓度具有较好的相关性,且受气象条件影响显著;日变化呈双峰趋势.本文选取日平均气温(℃)、相对湿度(%)、风速(风级)、降水量(mm)等气象因子,利用Spearman秩相关分析研究各个气象因子对大气PM2.5和PM10浓度的影响.北京冬季PM2.5和PM10的质量浓度分别与气温、相对湿度正相关,与风速负相关,风速和相对湿度是影响污染物质量浓度分布的主要因素.
关键词:PM2.5;PM10;污染水平;时空分布;气象条件
中图分类号:X51
文献标识码:A
文章编号:0250-3301(2014)02-0418-10
TemporalandSpatialDistributionofPM2.5andPM10PollutionStatusandthe
CorrelationofParticulateMattersandMeteorologicalFactorsDuringWinterandSpringinBeijing
ZHAOChen-xi,WANGYun-qi,WANGYu-jie,ZHANGHui-lan,ZHAOBing-qing
(KeyLaboratoryofSoilandWaterConservation&DesertificationCombatingofMinistryofEducation,SchoolofSoilandWaterConservation,BeijingForestUniversity,Beijing100083,China)
Abstract:Fogsandhazesbrokeoutmanytimesinwinterandspringof2012-2013inBeijing,inducingseverepollutionofrespirableparticulatematters(PM10).AsafineparticlecomponentinPM10,PM2.5wouldcausemoresevereairpollutioniftheproportionofPM2.5toPM10ishigh.Basedonthis,30monitoringstationsrecordingtheconcentrationofPM2.5andPM10alloverBeijingwereselected,andthecontaminationcharacteristicsofparticulatematterswereanalyzed,whichfurtherservedtodeterminethecharacteristicsoftemporalandspatialpollutionvariationsofPM2.5andPM10.ThedistributionofPM2.5andPM10massconcentrationinwinterandspringinBeijingwerederivedbytheOriginalKriginginterpolationmethod,anditwasdepictedfromthefigurethattheconcentrationofparticulatemattersgraduallyincreasedfromthenorthernmountainareatothesouthernpartofBeijing;inthecentralurbanarea,theparticulateconcentrationofthewesternregionwasgenerallyhigherthanthatoftheeasternregion,withcertaindifferencesbetweenurbanandruralareawithinsomelocalareas.MonthlyvariationcurveofPM2.5andPM10massconcentrationshowedsinglepeak-valleypattern:themaximumwasinJanuaryandtheminimumwasinApril;dailyvariationindicatedagoodcorrelation
betweenPM2.5andPM10,bothofwhichweresignificantlyinfluencedbymeteorologicalconditions;diurnalvariationcurveshowedadoublepeak-valleytype.Meteorologicalfactorssuchasdailyaveragetemperature(℃),relativehumidity(%),windspeed(wind
scale),precipitation(mm)werechosenandtheirindividualrelationshipswithconcentrationsofPM10andPM2.5wereinvestigatedusingSpearmanrankcorrelationanalyses.ItwasdemonstratedthattheconcentrationsofPM10andPM2.5werepositivelycorrelatedwithtemperatureandrelativehumidity,respectively,andstronglynegativelycorrelatedwithwindspeed;windspeedandrelativehumidityweretwokeyfactorsaffectingthedistributionsofPM2.5andPM10concentration.
Keywords:PM2.5;PM10;pollutionlevels;temporalandspatialdistribution;meteorologicalcondition
工矿业发展、机动车尾气排放以及大量化石燃料的燃烧使得空气质量愈发恶化,城市大气环境质量的评价及污染防治已成为大气污染研究和城市气候研究领域的主要课题之一
[1]
中华人民共和国环境保护部公布数据显示:2008~
收稿日期:2013-05-24;修订日期:2013-10-17
基金项目:国家林业公益性行业科研专项(20130430103)作者简介:赵晨曦(1990~),主要研究方向为水土女,硕士研究生,
E-mail:kakaanew@保持,
*通讯联系人,E-mail:wangyunqi@bjfu.edu.cn
.在各项空气污染指
标中,北京地区以颗粒物污染问题较为显著.根据