英语专业词汇学课件Chapter 3

Chapter 3 Morphological Structure and Word-Formation1. The component parts of a word What is the smallest/minimal meaningful unit of a language?

Morpheme

形位 (or 词素、语素)

boy, desireboyishness, ungentlemanliness desirability un+gentle+man+li+nessboy+ish+ness, desir(e)+abl(e)+ity

antidisestablishmentarianism anti+dis+establish+ment+ari+an+ism He speaks English. -s inflectional morpheme

2. Content morphemes, grammatical morphemes and allomorphs Content morpheme: Free morpheme Bound morpheme Affix Opaque words Transparent words

Grammatical morpheme:

Morph (形位形式，形素) Allomorph (形位变体) Cats, Dogs, Churches {s}: /s/ , /z/, /iz/ phonological forms {s}: -s, -es orthographical forms

3. Word-formation affixation, conversion, composition, back-formation, abbreviation, blending,

4.1 Negative prefix a① Atypical pneumonia refers to pneumonia caused by certain bacteria. ② The Queen is an apolitical figure. in- / im- / ir- / il① About half the population in the country is still literate. ② The key to being resistible to men is more about you and less about them.

4. Prefixation

Givenchy推出世纪代表作 『Very Irresistible』倾城之魅， 它融合了五种不同香味调性的玫瑰 花，是有史以来含玫瑰精华最多的香 水！也是2004年第32届菲菲奖(香 水届的奥斯卡奖)获奖香水。

③ The encyclopedia provides a comprehensive survey of formal education and lifelong learning. ④ Given China's long history, the new gender balance is something recent. key: illiterate irresistible informal imbalance

? The usage of in- & im materialism, mature, measurable patient, partial, passable Balanced accurate, capability, feasible, quiet

de① The above book is a photo of a book once owned by Washington DC private Investigator Nick Beltrante who was called in to debug the offices of the Democratic National Headquarters in the Watergate Building after the burglars where caught. ② But it was error when I want to debug my project.

4.2 Reversative prefix

我和我的DEBUG女友 N年前，我没有女友，后来我好象看清楚了 这个时代潮流，怀着义无返顾的心加入了 程序员的行列，今天，我拥有了心爱的女 友，和大多数女孩子一样她长得也是明眸 皓齿，青春逼人，不过她明显多了个爱好， 她的最大兴趣居然是帮我DEBUG,我当初 万万没有想到，程序员们人见人恨的BUG 的的确确充当了我一回义务红娘，每每想 起往事，我都会感怀不已。

③ Why the hell do we "deplane" when we exit an airplane? Or "stow" our luggage in the overhead bins? Can't we just store our luggage in the overhead bins and exit the plane when we reach our destination? ④ We need to decentralize our cities. Too many people live in our cities, we live too close together. More examples: deforest, depor

t, defoam, defog(ger), deice(r)

4.3 Pejorative prefix Mal① We’ll not intervene unless the children are physically maltreated. ② The garbage became quite malodorous after it sat there for two weeks. more examples: malformed, maladaptation, malnutrition, malposition

Pseudo Pseudoscience is any scheme of theories, beliefs and methods wrongly considered as scientific. More examples: pseudodemocratic, pseudograph pseudocrystal

Skill of memorizing new words The teacher will meet his class at 8 o’clock. The teacher will meet his lass at 8 o’clock. The teacher will meet his ass at 8 o’clock. Class - lass - ass

anti① Monoclonal antibody technology allows us to produce large amounts of pure antibodies in the following way. ② Antibacterial soaps are marketed as an effective way to get rid of germs and protect your family from colds, flus and other common illness. But do they really work? The answer may surprise you. ③ Turn anticlockwise 90°and turn clockwise 270°.

4.4 Prefixes of attitude and orientation