2010年12月四级英语真题及答案详解

2010年12月英语四级真题答案解析

【作文范文】

范文1:

Today in China, many families have only one child. So the children usually doted upon by all family members. Gradually some of them get used to depending on their parents and family members, as a result they lack the ability to face their lives by themselves.

There are some ways to help children to be independent. First, the child should have a chance to see the world around him individually to understand that there are various people and competitions in their lives, and learn to find his right position in the society only by individual efforts. Second, it is impossible to ask a child not to depend on parents at once.The parents may give the child enough help and space to make him feel comfortable. A child needs help from their families. Because without any help, the child may lose his faith. Thirdly, parents can help their children make their own decisions, which can challenge his ability to deal with problems. A child should be praised when he is successful or encouraged when he fails.

To be independent is vital for the children, because no parents can go with their children for the whole life. Only an independent person can live and enjoy a full and meaningful life.

范文2：

Nowadays, more and more parents indulge their children too much, showing too much love to them. The parents get used to make an arrangement of everything for their children. As result, many adult children will not deal with things by themselves but depend on their parents strongly.

How should parents help children to be independent? On the one hand, parents should try to tell the children the importance of independence at an early age. If the children have no awareness early, how can we expect them to achieve independence later. On the other hand, let the children always have a try by themselves before asking for help. Let them know that independent thinking is an absolute necessity in their life.

Helping children towards independence will always be our businesses.

【快速阅读】

（1）选A: People instinltively seek nature in different ways.

解析：问题是作者的profound belief，第一段的最后一句给出了答案，whether we know we are doing so or not（不管我们知道与否）相当于句中的instinctively（本能地）.

（2）选D: Things that are purchased.

解析：文中第二段最后一句给出了答案，“odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought”，奇怪的新观念，什么对孩子最好，能买到的东西。

（3）选B: More access to the nature makes children less likely to fall ill.

解析：瑞典研究出现在文中的第四段第一句，在自然环境中玩耍的幼儿园小朋友比在运动场玩耍的小朋友少患病，身体也更健康。很明显，B选项最符合语意。

（4）选D: are less likely to be involved in bullying

解析：此题对应的是第六段的第一句，the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore，恃强凌弱的现象在孩子们感兴趣去发现的自然环境中很少发生。因此，D选项是正确答案。

（5）选B: Provide more green spaces for them.

解析：第8段最后两句，众多研究表明，与自然接触对患有多动症的孩子最有益。虽然如此，我们还是把钱花在了药物上，而非绿化环境。因此B选项，提供更多的绿化面积，是正确答案。

（6）选B: They enjoy a life of better quality.

解析：第九段第一句：The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. 如果老年人有接触大自然的机会，生活状况会明显改善不少。第二句点出老龄人口增长的侧重点是在高质量的生活水平上，紧接着又指出绿色的生活方式是达到这种高质量生活水平的最重要因素。

（7）选C: access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence解析：第11段第二句话给出了答案，自然环境能减少暴力行为，因为其恢复过程有助于减少愤怒和冲动。因此，正确的答案应该是C。

（8）separated

解析：对应到文中第12段，humanity and the natural world are separable things，得到答案separated。照抄separable是不正确的。

（9）the wild word

解析：最后一段第二句：Without the wild world we are not more but less civilized. 照抄过来就行。

（10）harmony

因此harmony是正确答案。

【仔细阅读】

SECTION A

47. M) raised

48. L) psychological

49. E) contributions

50. A) abilities

51. B) achieve

52. N) smart

53. I) extent

54. J) indicates

55. G) essentially

56. H) eventually

SECTION B

PASSAGE 1

57. By “a one-way street”(Line 1,Para 1),the author means_______.

A) university researchers know little about the commercial world. B) there is little exchange between industry and academia.

C) few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university.

D) few university professors are willing to do industrial research.

58. The word “deterrent”(Line 3,Para1) most probably refers to something that_______.

A) keeps someone from taking action.

B) helps to move the traffic.

C) attracts people’s attention.

D) brings someone a financial burden.

59. What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?

A) Flexible work hours.

B) Her research interests.

C) Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.

D) Prospects of academic accomplishments.

60. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to_______.

A) do financially more rewarding work. B) raise his status in the academic world.

C) enrich his experience in medical research.

D) exploit better intellectual opportunities.

61.What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?

A) Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market.

C) Help it to obtain financial support from industry.

D) Gear its research towards practical applications.

文章关于学术界和商界之间的一些关系。

很少有商界人士愿意改行做纯学术研究，但是也有例外的。这些人对高校学生的就业意义比较大。

57题，问单行道的意思是什么。文章第一段就说“It is pretty much a one-way street.While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction.”高校研究者到商界去碰运气可能很常见，但是相反的方向却人很少。也就是说很少有商界的人愿意回归学校做纯学术研究。所以选C，很少有工业科学家愿意放弃去一个高校工作。industrial scientists在文中指的就是商界人士。

58题，问deterrent这个词的意思。这题有一定迷惑性，要根据上下文来判断。上文说的是很少有商界的人愿意回高校的。原因就在于薪酬（pay), 后面接着具体解释：没人能接受换个高校的工作后工资下降。所以deterrent这个词是表明原因的，要么是A选项阻碍因素，要么是C选项促进因素。而从上下文看薪酬是阻碍商界人士去高校工作的，也就是阻碍因素，所以选A。

另外，如果知道deterrent这个词的意思话可以迅速作答：威慑因素。

59题，问Helen Lee在职业生涯中期换工作的首要考虑是什么。第二段是这么说的：Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions。利用更大的自由来选择研究的问题。也就是说之前不在academia的时候，没有那么多的选择空间：什么赚钱做什么，现在可以自己根据自己的喜好来choose了。所以选B。

60题，问Guy Grant问什么选择做剑桥研究者。第三段的最后一句话是这么说的： He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.所以这题选D。

61题，问当工业科学家去高校教书时能做什么样的贡献。答案在最后一段：They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate。他们给学术角色的教书面带来了一些额外的东西，这些东西在学生毕业时可以帮助他们找工作。所以选A：提高毕业生在就业市场上的竞争力。

PASSAGE 2

62.

Willian Farr's study and other studies show that.

A) social life provides an effective cure for illness

B) being sociable helps improve one's quality of life

C) women benefit more than men from marriage

D) marriage contributes a great deal to longevity

选择D项。

根据题目中的关键词Willian Farr找到对应的出题段落——文章第一段。根据文章第一段中the biggest longevity(长寿) boost seems to come from marriage…直接可以得知D项正确。A项“交际活动能有效治疗疾病”和B项“好交际能提高一个人的生活质量”在文中找不到依据，文章的重点是讲述交际活动（主要是夫妻间）对于寿命的积极作用；由文中marriage could add as much as seven years to a man's life and two to a woman's可知C项错误。

63.

Linda Waite's studies support the idea that.

A) older men should quit smoking to stay healthy

B) marriage can help make for ill health

C) the married are happier than the unmarried

D) unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life

选择B项。

由关键词Linda Waite锁定本题的出题源应该在第二段。由第二段中的两个例子：一是患有心脏疾病的已婚老人要比没有相关疾病的未婚老人寿命长约4年；二是一个每天要抽一包多香烟的已婚老人和一个从不吸烟的离过婚的老人寿命几乎一样长。可以推断出B项“婚姻有助于人的身体健康。”A项“为了身体健康老人应戒烟”并不是

Linda Waite的研究发现；C、D两项在文中找不到依据。

64.

It can be inferred from the context that the "flip side"(Line 5, Para. 2) refers to.

A) the disadvantages of being married

B) the emotional problems arising from marriage

C) the responsibility of taking care of one's family

D) the consequence of a broken marriage

选择A项。

由问题中的关键词flip side找到此题的出题源——文章第二段。flip side的字面意思是“反面，对立面”，第二段短语flip side前面讲了两个例子来说明婚姻对老年人身体健康的积极意义（见63题解析），后面用however一转，又给了两个研究发现：一、夫妻双方当其中一个去世了，另一个在随后的几年内很可能生病或是离世；二、一人在照顾其换有精神错乱疾病的配偶时可能后来也患有相同的疾病。这两个发现显然都是夫妻生活的负面影响，因此选择A项。

65.

What does the author say about social networks?

A) They have effects similar to those of a marriage.

B) They help develop people's community spirit.

C) They provide timely support for those in need.

D) They help relieve people of their life's burdens.

选择A项。

由问题中的关键词social networks找到出题源——文章第二段最后一句。由all kinds of social networks have similar effects可推断选择A项。很显然这里的similar effects指的是marriage’s effects。文章的第三段提到了社交网络对一个人的种种益处，但并未谈及B、C、D三项所陈述的内容。

66.

What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A) It's important that we develop a social network when young.

B) To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.

C) Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.

D) We should share our social networks with each other.

选择B项。

题目问的是“由最后一段能推断出什么？”最后一段主要讲的是“要想寿命长就要建立社交网络”。有意思的是Christakis的这句话"People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected."（人类是相互联系的群体，他们的健康也是如此） 仔细品味它的弦外之音，假如你的朋友个个身体欠佳，那么你身体也不会好到哪里去。由此可推断出本题选B项。

【完型填空】

67. D came out 表示出版，公布，这里表示报告的公布。

68. C less 根据上下文可知这里说的是都市人口的增长，强调之前的少和现在的多，所以用少于更合适。less than：少于，不到。

69. D by 在这里表示截止到某时间为止。

70. A almost 几乎，将近，对前面的解释，说明人口有多少。

71. B developed 根据上下文意思，以及后文相对的developing world可知应该是发达国家，即：developed countries。

72. C growth 仔细阅读的话可以发现下文就有答案，这里讲的是都市人口的增长，所以用growth。

73. B lead lead to表示导致，通向，本段末也有出现过，在这里是说都市化有助于社会和经济的进步。

74. A pressure 从下文的描述可以看出过快的都市化也给城市带来了巨大压力，所以选pressure。

75. B services 服务，城市为人们提供住房和服务。

76. B into 介词选择，move into 移入，迁入；固定搭配。

77. C driven 表示推动，驱动，driven by 由…驱动，由什么原因引起的。

78. C wealth 财富；social division and differences in wealth 社会分化和财富上的差距。

79. C unless 除非，这里说的是除非城市规划更好，否则各部分财富分配不均的局面将可能导致犯罪问题。

80. D expand 指扩张， expand into rural areas 扩张到农村地区。

81. C at at a much faster rate 以更快的速度，固定搭配

82. C common 表示某事件很普遍，平常。从下文的across America可知这种情况很普遍很常见。

83. A major major cities，大城市，与后文中的smaller cities形成对比

84. D trend 趋势，这里是对前面情况的概括，a trend toward de-urbanization 表示一种逆城市化的发展趋势。

85. C but 表示转折，说城市还是有自身优点的，与前面的“逆城市化”形成转折关系。

86. B possibilities 可能性，这里表示城市依然能够提供农村所不能提供的机会和可能性。

整篇解析：

这篇完型填空取材自2009年10月9日的VOA Special English节目，谈论的是城市发展的问题。（点击查看VOA原文>>）从抓主旨的角度来说，这样一篇小小200词的文章，纵览了世界城市发展史，又横览了城市化带来的种种问题，里面的核心论点之间逻辑关联紧密，考生如果没有任何背景知识和推理能力，解题会遇到一定的困难。比如说第二个空格，很多考生在more 和less之中犹豫不决，在没有具体背景信息的情况之下，就需要依据上下文的文脉

还是不到。从作者的叙述语气一致可以推知，他必定在感叹这个变化的巨大，因此前文应该是不到5%。对于into/at这样一些介词小词的考查历来都是完型填空的重点，move into cities/ at a faster rate，这都是比较容易选择的基础搭配。

【翻译】

87. To ensure that he can attend the meeting

88. is said to have been built

89. without the distinct environment of the earth

90. What impressed the tourists most

91. I return the book to the library