2英语专业四级词汇语法辅导--虚拟语气、非谓语动词

虚拟语气

条件句 条件句为非真实条件句时，所表示的假设是不可能或不大可能发生或 实现的，句中的条件从句和结果主句都要用虚拟语气。

与将来事实相反也可以用过去时：were, did

虚拟语气的几个句型 1、虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中 A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中 谓语动词形式为：过去式(be动词用were)。 B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中 谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。 C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时， 宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或 could, would + have +动词过去分词。 The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” ---“That s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” I wish that he weren t so lazy.

虚拟语气的几个句型主句谓语 从句谓语

对…情况的 虚拟现在 wish

从句谓语形式 动词的过去式(be用were) had + 过去分词 could, would + have +过去分词 would, could, might+ 动词原形

过去将来

虚拟语气的几个句型 2、would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner, just as soon和would prefer所引导的 从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用 过去完成时表示过去的情况。但这种虚拟语气表 示的不是与事实相反的假设，而是一种尚未实现 的愿望或表示说话人婉转的责备。 例如： I d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒 希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 I would prefer he didn t stay there too long.我倒 希望他不要在那儿可得太久。 I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。

虚拟语气的几个句型 注意：would rather…than 和would… rather than 后面的从句用虚拟语气。用法 是than后的从句要用should+动词原形, 从 句的that可省略。 I would rather die than (that) he should know the secret. He’d do anything rather than (that) he should live with such a shameless woman.

虚拟语气的几个句型do… (than do…) 宁愿…(而不…) would rather + sb. +动词过去式(与现在或将来事实相反)had + 过去分词(与过去事实相反)

虚拟语气的几个句型 3、had hoped/thought引起的宾语从句中 谓语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一 种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.

虚拟语气的几个句型 4、 虚拟语气用于as if/ as though引导的方式状 语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从 句的形式相同。 She often laughs spontaneously, an

d her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above. 她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情 绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。 They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。 She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭 了。

虚拟语气的几个句型 5、用在suppose开头的祈使句中，从句的 谓语动词变化与as if和wish后面的动词变 化规律相同，用过去式、过去完成式、或 过去将来式。意思是“假如…”,但 suppose 是动词，不是连词。如： Suppose the boss walked in. What should I do? Suppose Saddam had not been captured. What would the U.S. do?

虚拟语气的几个句型 6. whether it (he) be …or…意为“不管(不论)是…… 还是……”,表示让步，为虚拟语气的一种表示方法，其 省略结构为be it…or…, be he…or等，必须用倒装。例 如： Be he what he may, he should obey the rules. Every day he takes a walk in the park in the evening, whether it be fine or raining. Home is home, be it ever so homely.(再穷也是家) All matter, whether it be gas, liquid or solid, is made up of atoms. The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.

虚拟语气的几个句型 7、It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that 从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用 过去式。 It s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown. It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.

虚拟语气的几个句型 8、 if it were not for…与现在事实相反， if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for: If it had not been for his help(=but for his help), we would not have succeeded. 9、由连接词in case, lest ,for fear that, (in order that, so that)引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即 should (might) +动词原形，例如： She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。 The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.

虚拟语气的几个句型 Note: fear/be afraid/worried lest sb. do sth. 表示害怕(担心)某种可能出现的情况， 从句中的动词应用现在虚拟式。例如： She fears lest he arrive too late. We were afraid lest it be broken.

虚拟语气的几个句型 10. was (were) +to have done (不定 式完成式)表示“原来想做而未做” 后面通常but…(陈述语气) I was to have arrived home on time, but my car was held up by a bad traffic jam.

虚拟语气常用句型 11. It is… that sb. (should)… 句型一：It is + 形容词 + that … 句型二：It is a + 抽象名词

+ that … 句型三：It is + 过去分词 + that …