[八种时态的具体用法学案

②表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快)

③ 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车)

④ 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家)

⑤ 一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如：Here comes the bus. (车来了) / There goes the bell.(铃响了)。

⑥ 一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.

⑦ 人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有：like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(认为),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如：I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿)

2. 一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。

①表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引导的时间状语从句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小汤姆今天早上九点半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父亲谈话)

②表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等),in the past。如：He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市)

③表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last , in , from to , for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.

④ 讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)

3. 一般将来时 表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。

①一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow，this (afternoon), next (year), one day, now, soon, someday, sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等。

②用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will” 用于所有人称。如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了)

③“am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情。It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)

④表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达。如：I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化学药剂). So please wait until I return.(我要到化学实验室去取些药品,请等我回头) ⑤现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态)

⑥shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗？)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗？)

4. 现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生

此刻不一定在进行的动作。

①现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。

②现在进行时的时间状语有： now, this , these 等,但经常不用。如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在树上干什么？)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说)

③表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如：I’m coming now.(我就来)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)

④表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借钱,过一些时候就忘得一干二净)

5.过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。①过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。

②过去进行时的时间状语有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的时间状语从句。如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具)

③用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。如：She saw it happen when she was walking past.(她路过时看到事情的发生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他们在黑暗的森林里走时唱了很多歌)

④也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在这里时老向我借钱)

6. 现在完成时 现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。

①在完成时由“助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成。

②表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有：already, yet, just, once, twice, ever, never, three times, before, in the past+一段时间等。如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画)/ He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国)

③表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有：for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。如：I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我离开家乡有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自从这家工厂开张,王叔叔一直在那儿工作)

④口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如：They have got thousands of books in their

library.(他们图书馆有上万本书)

⑤have been to与have gone to的区别：have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。如：--Where is Mr. Li? –He has gone to the UK. (李先生在哪里？他去了英国。)/ --Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes, I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情况吗？是的,我去过那里三次。)

⑥在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用, 此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。或者使用下面这个句型：It is/ has been + (多久)+ since +主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+ +过去时间状语

[注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如：How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)

8. 过去完成时 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。

①过去完成时由“助动词had+动词的过去分词”构成。

②过去完成时时间状语有：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last )或者由when, before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for 或since 构成的时间状语。如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了)

③过去完成时常用于宾语从句中、after引导的从句中,或者从句是before引导的主句中。如：After I had put on my shoes and hat, I walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走进了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他说他以前从来没有见过袋鼠)

8. 过去将来时 过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

①过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形”构成。在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would +动词原形”。

②过去将来时常由于宾语从句中,时间状语有：later, soon, the next (day).

③在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不可以使用过去将来时,而应该使用一般过去时。如：He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(他答应付给我许多钱如果我帮助他搞那个项目)/ Every time when he was free, he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就会坐下来看看书)

粹的将来时用would或should,表示打算或主观认为的事情用was/were going to (+动词原形)。如：She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告诉我她下个月就18岁了)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告诉我她打算带她的宠物狗去散步)

⑤过去将来时还可以表示一个过去经常性的动作。如：When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨时他会随身带一把雨伞)

附Ⅰ——动词的四种形式

A、动三单的变法 1) “辅+y”结尾, 变y为i加es；2) “以s; sh; ch; x; o结尾, 加es；

3)直接加s；但have----has

B现在分词的变法 1)去e加ing (e不发音)；2)双写加ing (“辅元辅”结尾且重读,y;w列外)；

3)直接加ing；

写出下列动词的现在分词

1. see _______ 2. come ________ 3. stop _______ 4. open_______

5. listen _______ 6. drop ______ 7. prefer ________ 8. fix_______

9. relax ______ 10.die _______ 11.tie _______ 12.lie _______

C、动词的过去式和过去分词

（一）不规则变化（见课本不规则变化表P255）

（二）规则变化1) “辅+y”结尾，变y为i加ed； 2)双写加ed；

3)直接加ed；4)以e结尾加d；

写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词

1.drop ______ _______ 2.stop ______ ______

3.prefer ________ _________4.study ______ ______

5.try ______ ____ 6.fix _____ ______ 7.relax ______ ______

一．英语时态练习题

1. He __________ back a month ago. (come) 2. Please come to our meeting if you ____ free tomorrow. (be)

3. She ________ to the Great Wall several times. (go) 4. In his letter, he said that he ______us very much. (miss)

5. The film ______ on for nearly fifteen minutes when I got to the cinema. (be)

6. You have dropped your pencil. __________. (拾起它)

7. Great changes __________ in our country since 1978. (take place)

8. I __________ my daughter since last month. (hear from) 9. It _____me two days to write the article. (take)

10. When I got home, I found that my room _______( break) into and a lot of things _________. (steal)

11. I didn't remember ________ her the book before. (give)

12. We __ football when it began to rain. We had to stop and go home. (play)

13. Xiao Lin ______ from here for about two hours. (be away)

14.where___? Can you find your birth place on the map? Sorry, I can't. (be born)

二、选择题

1.He ______ yesterday in an accident and his head ______ now.

A. was hurt, hurts B. hurted, hurts C. hurt, hurts D. hurts, was hurt

2.－Must I go with them tomorrow? －No, you ______.You ______ do

anything you like.

A. mustn’t, can B. shouldn’t, may C. needn’t can D. don’t have to, must

3. If we do nothing, there ___ no giant pandas in the world.

A. are B. will be C. will have D. have

4.―Why not come and join us in the game? ―______,but I must meet Mr

Smith at his office now.

A. I’d love to B. Let’s go C. Yes, please D. It’s a pleasure

5. __ true that every student looks forward to having a good future.

A. That’s B. Its C. It’s D. This is

6. He has been late for three times___ the morning of last Wednesday.

A. in B. since C. on D. until

7. The teacher told Lucy ______ too much time ______ computer games.

A. not to spend, in B. to not spend, on C. didn’t spend, playing D. not to

spend, playing

8. “I found the article on birds interesting.” The right sentence structure is______

A. S+V+P B. S+V+O C. S+V+DO+OC D. S+V+IO+DO

9.The number of pages in this book ______ two_______

A. are, thousand B. is, thousands C. are, thousands D. is, thousand

10. He was known ____a writer in China ___ his bravery. A. as, to B. to, for C. for, as

D. as, for

11.I ______live in a small room, but now I ______living in a big flat.

A. used to, used to B. was used to, am used to C. is used to, used to D. used to, am used to

12. what did he ______ about the accident and who did he ______ about it?

A. tell, say B. talk, say C. say, tell D. say, talk

13.―Don’t forget to give my wishes to your mother. ―______.

A. Ok, I will B. No, I won’t C. Yes, I would D. Yes, I do

14.―Tina had nothing for breakfast, ______ she? ―______. She had some bread and milk.

A. had, Yes B. had, No C. did, Yes D. did, No

15. I believe ___little mice can eat ____ little food.

A. such, such B. so, such C. so, so D. such, so

16.―Do you think it will rain tomorrow? ―______. It has been so dry for weeks.

A. I hope so B. I’m afraid so C. I’d like to D. Of course not

17. Mike as well as his friends ______ Beijing for a week.

A. has been in B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been in

18. It’s generous ___ them to donate money to UNICEF. They think it important ______ them to help poor children go to school.

A. to, for B. for, of C. of, to D. of, for

19. ―I’m going on a trip to Hainan after the exam. ―Really?______ !

A. Have a good time B. Congratulations C. OK D. It’s nice of you

20. ―would you like something to drink, tea or coffee? ―_______ . I like any drink.

A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither

三、完形填空

Has a doctor ever given you a note to take to the chemist(药剂师) for some medicine? Are you able to read the note easily? 1 some of the doctors write clearly but most doctors 2. Chemists have 3 chances to read doctors’ notes, but sometimes the notes are so badly written that 4 the chemists can’t read them.

One day a lady wrote to her doctor and asked him to come to her family party. Soon the answer 5 her doctor came. But it wasn’t written clearly. After a 6 study, the lady 7 read it. “What shall I do?” She said to her husband, “I don’t know whether he is coming or not. It__8 for me to telephone him and say that I can’t read his writing.” Her husband thought a moment, then had an idea. She went to the 9 and gave the doctor’s note to him. The chemist 10 it very carefully. 11 he said politely, “Could you wait a moment, madam?”

He went to the 12 of the shop. 13 a few minutes he returned, 14 a large paper bag. He handed the bag to the lady and said, “ 15 and three pills each time.”

( )1. A. I’m afraid B. Make sure C. Be sure D. I’m sure

( )2. A. do B. don’t C. are D. aren’t

( )3. A. a few B. much C. few D. many

( )4. A. even B. but C. also D. still

( )5. A. written by B. writing by C. wrote D. for

( )6. A. carefully B. careful C. hard D. quick

( )7. A. was able to B. already could C. still couldn’t D. already couldn’t

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

( )8. A. is important B. is possible C. isn’t important D. isn’t possible )9. A. doctor’s B. chemist’s C. doctor’s D. chemists’ )10. A. looked at B. saw C. watched D. look )11. A. For B. When C. Then D. As )12. A. front B. middle C. back D. side )13. A. Before B. After C. During D. Since )14. A. bring B. took C. lifting D. carrying )15. A. One day three times B. Three times a day

C. Three times for one day D. One day for three times

四、阅读理解

(A)

Driver Wanted 1. Clean driving licence 2. Good looks 3. Age over 25

Apply(申请) to: Capes Taxi, Shenzhen

Tel: 0775-6561382

Air Hostess(空姐) Wanted

1. Age between 20 and 33

2. Height from 1.60 m to 1.75 m

3. Two foreign languages

4. College graduate

Apply to: China Airlines, Beijing

Tel: 010-88488970

Teacher Needed

1. For private language school

2. Teaching experience necessary

Apply to: instant Languages Ltd, Dalian

Tel: 0411-4313861

( )1. If you want to work in the south, you can apply for a job as ______.

A. a driver B. an air hostess C. a doctor D. a teacher

( )2. You may call ______ when you wish to be a teacher.

A. 0775-6561382 B. 010-88488970 C. 0411-4313861 D. A or B

( )3. Mary, aged 26, knows English and Japanese.Which job can she apply for?

A. Driving for Capes Taxi. B. Working for China Airlines.

C. Teaching at Instant Language Ltd. D. None of the above.

( )4.What prevents Jack, an experienced taxi driver, from working for Capes Taxi?

A. Liking beer and wine.

B. Having broken traffic rules.

C. Being unable to speak a foreign language.

D. Not having a college education.

( )5. Which of the following is not mentioned in the three ads?

A. Height. B. Age. C. Language. D. Health.

(B)

Why do plants grow in some places and not in others? Why does some land have so much growing on it, while other land has almost no plants growing on it at all?

To grow, plants need several things. One is warmth. In very cold places almost nothing grows.

Plants also need water. In very dry parts of the Earth only a few unusual plants can grow. That’s why dry deserts everywhere are almost not covered by trees or grass.

Plants must also have a place in which to put down their roots and grow. They find it difficult to grow on hard land. The town is built on hard land. The plants here have only the soil found between the cracks of the stones to grow in.

Another thing plants must have before they can grow is food.

What will happen if we try to make things grow on the sandy beach? A few plants, such as beach grass, will grow in sand, but most plants won’t. Even if the weather is warm enough and we water the plants each day. Many of them will die because the sand on this beach has almost no food for plants.

( ) 6. According to the passage, plants need ___ things to grow well.

A. two B. three C. four D. five

( )7. What does the underlined word “cracks” mean in the text?

A. 缝隙 B. 表面C. 夹层D. 底部

( )8. From the passage, we can know it is _______ for plants to grow in dry places.

A. easy B. difficult C. impossible D. important

( )9. The reason why most plants can’t grow on the sandy beach is that _______.

A. there isn’t enough sunlight B. there is too much water

C. it is too crowded there D. it has little food for plants

( )10. The passage can most probably be found in a ______ book.

A. science B. history C. travel D. math

(C)

Two people sit down to play Go(围棋).One of the players is an old man. He is now 89 years old. He has spent all of his life playing this game. The other person is a young woman.

She has been playing Go for only three years. Before this, the woman was an expert at playing computer games. Now she plays Go the same way she played computer games—by becoming a machine herself.

They will play many games, until they know who the winner is. The woman shows no feelings but thinking about all the possible ways of placing her next stone. The old man, on the other hand , looks at the movements of her hands and of her face. This has always helped him to win.

He wins the first three games. She wins the next game, and the man is surprised. He has never lost to a woman. The old man worries about the way the young woman is playing the game. He can’t read her face; he does not understand her way of playing.

“The way I think about the game,” says the woman, “is that it is steps for getting what I want.” Again, the old man is surprised. For him, the game is a way of life itself, and not a model of life. “There is no more beauty any longer. Everything is science and rules. Everything is about winning. Nothing is about playing,” he says.

They cannot agree with each other; but it is not necessary.

“Change is a necessary part of life,” thinks the man.

“Playing is as important as winning,” thinks the woman.

They start to play their final game.

( )11.Accroding to the passage, the Go games are played by ______.

A. two Go beginners B. two Go lovers

C. father and daughter D. husband and wife

( )12. Before the woman plays Go, she was ______.

A. a computer game player B. a computer science teacher

C. a computer engineer D. a computer store owner

( )13. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. The old man loses the third game to the woman

B. The old man wins all the games against the woman

C. The woman has her own way of playing Go

D. The woman is very slow in learning how to play Go.

( )14. From the passage we can know _______.

A. the old man doesn’t care who the winner is

B. the woman pays no attention to the steps

C. the old man learns something from the woman

D. the woman loses the last game to the old man

( )15. What is the best title of the passage?

A. An Old Go Play B. A Strange Woman

C. A Boring Game D. Winning or Playing

第二部分非选择题

五、用所给词的适当形式填空

(play) basketball in the playground just now!

(look) after the babies.

3. We should do what we can _______ (protect) the wild animals.

(frost) tomorrow.

(tie) a sheep to a tree is one of my best friends.

6. People (search) carefully every time they went through the gate.

7. It is (educate) lesson I have ever learned.

(it) are so interesting that we all like them.

(lose) his key while he was running by the river.

10. This kind of snake is _ (harm). Don’t be afraid.

11. At the end of the show the audience screamed and clapped with ______ (excited)

12. When 13. In the past year, a lot of money (raise) to charities and ____ (donate) are always welcome.

14.I’m___(true) sorry to disturb you when you were writing.