价值理论 损失价值

物流行业专业培训资料

中文摘要

本研究回顧文獻中對於洪災損失的定義，發現損失之定義不符合經濟學原理，直接與間接損失之區分是無意義的，而且容易發生錯誤。根據經濟學的觀點，損失是指能使得受災資本（人造資本、人力資本與自然資本等三類）的所有權人保持與未受災時相同的福利水準，所需給予該人之最小補償金額，此損失的定義來自於Hicks（1943）的補償變量的定義，據此，某種資本的洪災損失＝

[自洪災發生日起到開始復舊日止該種資本受損後無法提供的服務的價值]＋

min[自開始復舊日起到不確定的未來該種資本受損後無法提供的服務的價值，恢復成本或替代成本加上此恢復或替代工作期間損失的服務價值]

因此，我們只需依據各種資本提供的服務（功能）分類，分別評估洪災損失，然後加總即可得到總洪災損失。

根據損失的定義，本研究建立個人與家戶損失評估之理論模式與實證方法，接著，以台北地區為研究區域，設計問卷。在剩餘的時間將進行問卷調查，用以估計個人與家戶之行為模式。

關鍵詞：洪災損失、補償變量、使用價值、非使用價值、風險減輕

物流行业专业培训资料

Abstract

After reviewing the vast literature in flooding damage assessments, we find that the definition of the damage is not consistent with economics. Its typology in terms of direct or indirect damages, and tangible or intangible, is not necessary and confusing. Thus, we first define flood damages of a specific damaged capital as the minimum compensating payment that is necessary to make the owner of the damaged capital or the user of the service flows of the capital indifferent between the original situation and the new situation. After considering the time effect of flood damages and its restoration, flood damage = (lost value of service flows from the date of flood until the date of decision to restore the damaged capital)+min(lost value of service flows from the date of decision to restore the damaged capital until an indefinite future, the cost of restoration or replacement plus the lost value of service in the period of restoration or replacement).

According to this definition, we have designed a questionnaire for household survey of flood damages in Taipei area. We are going to conduct the survey in the next two months. Then we will estimate flood damage functions for households using the survey data.

Keywords: flood damage, compensating variation, use value, nonuse value, risk mitigation