非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法,状语从句语法学案

补充 ： 名词性从句引导词的选择

一：其它引导词的选择：一般根据意思选择即可 代词类：(常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语)

（1）who/whom（指代人，谁）和whoever/whomever（无论谁、不管谁）在

从句中作主语或宾语；

（2）which哪一个、whichever无论哪个、whose谁的，在从句中作定语。 【典题】

1.（2013·江西）_______ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. A. Whoever B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Wherever 2.（2012·福建）We promise___ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.

A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever 副词类：(从句中作状语或表语）

（1）when/how/where/why在从句中作相应的状语。其中的how除了“怎样”，表示 方式外，还可译为“多么”，常用来修饰形容词或副词。

（2）as if/though常用在look/seem之后；becasue一般只用在That’s becasue中，表示 原因；That's why...则表示结果。 【典题】

1.（2013·湖南）Do not let any failures discourage you，for you can never tell ______ close you may be to victory.

A. how B. that C. which D. where 2.（2013·安徽）From space，the earth looks blue. This is_____ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.

A. why B. how C. because D. whether 名词性从句中常用句型：

（There is）no doubt that…毫无疑问…… （It is）no wonder that …难怪……

The reason (why) … /for … is(was) that … ……的原因是…… A is to B what C is to D. A对B而言如同C对D。

There is no possibilty/chance/opportunity that …做……是不可能的/没有机会。 【典题】

1.（2010·北京）Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel，David Copperfield，was _______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether 2.（2009·浙江）－Is there any possibility ___ you could pick me up at the airport？ －No problem.

A.When B. that C. whether D. what

二、能力突破 1.（2011·山东）I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything.

A. that B. when C. where D. why

2. （2013·山东）Could I speak to___is in charge of International Sales, please? A.anyone B.someone C.whoever D.no matter who 3. （2007·浙江）Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s___the best jobs are.

A.where B.what C.when D.why

4.（2010·江苏）—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day

on Sundays.

—That’s________I don’t agree. You should have a more active life.

A.where B.how C.when D.what 5.（2005·天津）The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why

三、备考指津

1.首先根据题干和选项确定是考查名词性从句；

2.如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，一般选what（ever）/who （ever）/whom（ever）；

3.如果不是缺少主语或宾语则根据意思选，不缺任何意思为 that；

4.注意it开头的句子结构，常为that或whether。 5.抽象名词后一般是that。 6.常用句型结构要牢记。

非谓语动词作状语的用法(一) 一、考点透视

考纲定位和能力要求：

掌握动词不定式，现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别； 知识内涵：

非谓语动词可以在句子中充当时间，原因，让步，伴随等状语。 具体情况如下：

（一）动词不定式作状语

1. I had to shout to make myself heard .

To finish the work on time, they have to work harder. He got up early in order to/so as to catch the first bus. 2. He hurried to the station only to find the train had already left. 3. He is old enough to go to school. She is too tired to go any further. 4. I am very glad to see you .

I am so sorry to hear about your failure in business.

【注意】

1.动词不定式作目的状语时，通常不可以放在逗号后，有插入语除外；如若强调其目的时，动词不定式也可以用in order to do 或 so as to do的形式，其中so as to do 不能位于句首。

2. “only to do”表示出乎意料的结果，翻译成“却……”，典型例题就是He hurried to the station only

to find the train had already left.

3.不定式作原因状语时，主要放在表示喜、怒、哀、乐等形容词作的表语后。 例如： She is surprised to find Jim here.

4.不定式用于某些作表语或补语的形容词后，和句中主语或宾语构成逻辑上 的动宾关系时，不定式要用主动来表示被动。 例如：1）English is difficult to learn.

2）I find him easy to get along with. 形式

意义

例句

3. We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition.

（2010辽宁）A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found 解题思路：1）确定考题是否为考查非谓语动词，方法是题干是否已有谓语。 2）若选项中有to do , 需考虑是否能译成“为了” 或者“却”等， 来作目的、结果或原因状语。

3. ____ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. （2013北京） A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found 4. ________ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.

（2013 山东）A. Having eaten B. To eat C. Eat D. Eating 解题思路：1）确定是否考查不定式作目的、原因、程度等状语；

2）排除不定式后，判断主句的主语和非谓语之间的主被动关系； 若为主动关系， 则选择doing 、 having done；

3）分析时间；若非谓语动词的动作发生在主句动词之前，则选择 having done, 否则就选doing。

doing 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主动关系；与谓语动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生

Hearing the noise, I turned round.

having

done done

与句中主语构成逻辑上的主动关系；先于谓语动作发生 Having failed many times, we finally succeeded.

The teacher came into the lab, followed by many students.

5. ______in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art. （2013安徽） A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded 6. ______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. （2012重庆） A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked 解题思路：1）判断主句的主语与非谓语动词之间的主被动关系；若为被动，则 选择done或having been done.

2）done和having been done在作状语时，通常可以互换；若题干中有

for+段时间，many times等时间状语，则通常要选择having been done. 7. _______ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.

（2013四川）A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not known D. Known not 8. Having been attacked by terrorists,_______.（2004上海）

A. the tall building collapsed B. doctors came to their rescue C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists

解题思路：1）明确非谓语动词否定形式中not的位置；

2）若题干中已给出非谓语作的状语，则解题的关键是明确主句的主语。

9. This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. （2012辽宁） operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate 10. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the

iPad 2 more comfortable ______. （2011福建）

A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold

解题思路： 分析句子结构，确定考查不定式作状语，主动表被动的情况。 三、能力突破

解答非谓语动词做状语的解题步骤：

1.确定是否考查非谓语动词作状语，方法是题干的特点通常为 主句 ，状语。

（不定式作目的，原因等状语除外）。 或者 状语，主句 。

2.若选项中有不定式to do，先分析是否考查不定式作目的，结果，原因等状语。

与句中主语构成逻辑上的被动关系

being done 与句中主语构成逻辑上的被动关系，且与谓语动作同时发生,一般作原因状语位于句首；（近十年高考从未考过）

Being beaten by his father, the little boy cried loudly.

having been done

与句中主语构成逻辑上的被动关系，且先于谓语动作发生；多数情况下可以与过去分词互换

Having been told many times, she still repeated the same mistake.

注意：

1. 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。

例如：

Standing in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad. 2.否定形式： not doing; not having done; not done。 例如：

Not having made full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week. 二、典题直击

1. Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly.

（2011四川） A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep 2. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky.

（2012 四川） A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found

（不定式作目的状语通常不能放在逗号后）

3.排除不定式后，分析主句主语与非谓语动词之间的主被动关系；若为主动， 选择doing , having done; 若为被动，选择done或having been done;

4.分析时间；若非谓语发生在谓语之前，则选having done，否则就选doing.

1. When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, me stories till I fell asleep. （2013重庆）

having told B. telling C. told D. to tell 2. I stopped the car ____ a short break as I was feeling tired. （2013山东） A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken

3. ______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. （2011天津卷）

A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated 4. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.

（2012山东）

A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told 5. Dina, _____ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position

at a local advertising agency. （2010 湖南）

A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle

四、备考指津

1. 非谓语动词作状语是历年各省市重点考查的语法项目，因此我们必须给予其足够的重视。在复习备考的过程当中，重中之重是能够熟练地找出主句的主语，并能准确地判断其和非谓语动词之间的主被动关系；与此同时，也不能忽略不定式作状语的用法，尤其是其作目的状语和结果状语的用法。

2. 反复练习近五年高考真题中相关试题。 一、考点透视

考纲定位和能力要求：

掌握过去分词、独立成分等非谓语动词作状语的特殊结构；

（一）某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中，此时的过去分词不表示被动和完成，而是表示一种状态，这样的结构有： be dressed in; be lost （in）; be known as/for; be

， be faced with; be absorbed in doing; be satisfied with等等。这些结devoted to; be located （in）

构在做状语时，常用过去分词形式，不使用ing形式。做定语和宾补时也一样。

Dressed in a red coat, the teacher came into the classroom with a big smile on her face. Well- known as a famous writer, Luxun wrote many famous books in his life.

（二） 独立成分作状语

有些分词或不定式作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分.

。。来看） 常见的有 compared to/with…（和……比较起来）; judging from/by…（根据。

； generally speaking ( 一般的说来）；considering ( given) 考虑到，To tell you the truth ( 给你说实话）

鉴于 supposing ( assuming 假设。。）； Judging from his accent, he is from south.

Considering your health, you’d better have a rest. 二、典题直击

1. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one.

（2009重庆）

A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared 2. When ___ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the

differences without noticing the many similarities. （2006浙江）

A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared 3. ____ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. （2006四川）

A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face

三）独立主格结构作状语

它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语，但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语， 非谓语动词作状语时，

从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构。这种结构在句中充当状语。

独立主格结构的构成形式有：

1. 名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式

1）His mother to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner. 2） The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 3） The task completed, he had two months’ leave. 2. 名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语

1）He stood there, his mouth wide open.

2） School over, we all went home.

3） He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us. 典题直击

1. The party will be held in the garden, weather . (2012全国)

A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit 解题思路：1）分析题干，确定考查独立主格结构；方法是逗号前或后有 一完整的句子，另一部分有单独的主语。

2） 判断独立主格的主语和非谓语之间的主被动关系 ； 3） 分析时间关系。

2. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _______ at the end of last March.

A . has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched

四）非谓语动词作状语用法小结

结合上次微课所学内容，现总结非谓语动词作状语的完整解题步骤：

1.确定是否考查非谓语动词作状语，方法是题干的特点通常为 主句 ，状语。

。 或者 状语, 主句 。(不定式作目的，原因等状语除外）

2.若选项中有不定式to do,先分析是否考查不定式作目的，结果，原因状语。(不定式作目的状语通常不能放在逗号后）

3.判断是否考查过去分词特殊结构或独立成分作状语。

4.排除以上两种情况后，分析主句主语与非谓语动词之间的主被动关系；若 为主动,选择doing , having done; 若为被动,选择done或having been done; 5.分析时间；若非谓语发生在谓语之前，则选having done,否则就选doing。

非谓语动词作状语用法（三）

三、能力突破

1. 对于过去分词作状语的特殊情况以及独立成分作状语的情况，解题、 关键是牢记常考的那些结构并能够在题干中识别出来。如: be dressed in, compared to/ with…等。

2. 关于独立主格的考题，关键是识别出考题在考查该考点。方法就是 刚才提到的题干特点应为“句子， 主语+ ___” 或“主语+___, 句子。” 确定之后，要先排除掉谓语动词选项，然后再判断主被动关系即可。 1. _____ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police（2005江苏）

A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing 2. ______, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.

（2005全国II）

A. General speaking B. Speaking general

C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally 3. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons

_______ for the day. （2007重庆）

A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 4. _____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. （2005湖南）

A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having 5. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some a life span of

around 20 years. （2011浙江）

A. having B. had C. have D. to have 6. ____ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. （2013湖南）

A. Staying B. Stayed C. To stay D. Stay

四、备考指津

独立成分作状语，高考主要考查的就是compared to/with…结构，所以 大家一定将其要牢记。至于独立主格的用法，由于其相对来说较难，并不是高 考的热点，所以大家在复习备考的过程中，不需要给予其过多的时间，近十年 出现的考题本次微课均已呈现。

状语从句

第一讲 时间状语从句

考点透视

【考纲定位】状语从句是必考点，常规考点与稍偏考点相结合。 【考点内涵】时间状语从句最常考，常用引导词有： 1. when, while, as, whenever

2. as soon as, the moment, the second, hardly (scarcely)…when, no sooner … Than 3： the first time ; the last time

4: before , after , until , till

知识充电

时间状语从句最常考when 和before，因为他们都具有多义性，需要根据不同语境判断含义需求。 When

1）当……时 2）突然

3）引导非时间状语可表“在……的情况下”，“虽然”。 Before

含义虽然是“在……之前”，但语境下译法灵活，造成考试难度

1); .....才； 2）

：。。。。（过来多久） 就 典题直击

2013年湖南）

You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason _____ you reach any decision. A. although B. before C. because D. unless

问问自己感受，先明确理由，后做决定。 （2013年陕西）

I have heard a lot of good things about you ______ I came back from abroad.

since B. until C. before D. when 【考点】 考查哪个时间状语引导词与现在完成时合作。 【知识充电】 hear sth. About sb. 听说关于某人的。。。。Hear from :收到某人的来信 （2012山东）

He smiled politely ______ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A. as

B. if C. unles D. though

【逻辑链】

两个事件同时发生，as。

if，unless表条件；though表尽管。不合题意。 【知识充电】

apologize道歉，apology名词。

drunk，drunken都可作定语，醉酒的。 drunken多一个含义：常醉的。 2011福建卷）

It was April 29, 2001 ____ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.

that B. when C. since D. before 【考点】

区分时间状语从句和强调句式。

观察介词的有无：It was on April 29 that; It was April 29 when. 【知识充电】

palace宫殿，place地方；

wedding ceremony婚礼仪式，wedding reception婚宴接待 2004辽宁）

We were told that we should follow the main road_____we reached the central railway station. A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever 【对比时间状语引导词】

whenever，无论何时，事件可以任何时间发生，不固定。 until，动作延续到后边时间点结束。

while后是前面动作发生的时间区间范围。 （2012全国卷II）

I had hardly got to the office ___ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.

A. when B. than C. until D. after 【知识充电】

hardly…when= no sooner than，两句动作先后发生，相隔甚短；且，前半句用过去完成时。若否定副词位于句首，要倒装前半句。

as soon as，一……就，后边时间动作即可是过去，也可是将来。 知识充电

The first time, next time引导时间状语从句时，不用加that。 Next time you get lost, stay where you are, waiting for help.

（时间状语从句） I was deeply impressed the first time I came here.

（时间状语从句） This is the first time (that) I have been here.

（定语从句） （2010陕西）

John thinks it won’t be long ____ he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since 【考点】

not long before不久就…… 【对比】

Ten months passed before I knew it.一晃十个月已经过去，我才意识到。 能力突破 （2008辽宁）

once B. when C. since D. although 【对比时间状语引导词】

once，一……就，跟短暂动作；

since，自从，后跟过去时间，谓语用现在完成； when，当……时，兼容所有。 （2005安徽）

【高级词汇】

splendid极好的 【考点】

It is（has been）+时间段since：自从……已有 多久。此句准确译法：很久没有如此开心了！

It won’t be long before…过不了多久就…… 2007天津）

A. until B. after C. since D. when 【对比时间状语引导词】

肯定谓语与until合作，谓语是延续性动作；

since后用过去时。

when所指的时间是前面句子所描述的事件的发生时间。 after前面事件发生晚，后面事件发生早。 （2011江西卷 ）

Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or____ it is convenient to you. A. whenever B. however C. whichever D. wherever 【证据链】

A or B是同类，由于this afternoon是时间，所以or后必是 时间。

【高级词汇】

convenient方便，对于某人方便，后边跟to；不跟for。 备考指津

1. 熟练区分时间状语引导词的特色，仔细识别前后动作的短暂、延续属性。 2. 参考题干含义逻辑，逻辑链也很重要。 状语从句 第二讲 让步状语从句

一、考点透视 【考纲定位】

状语从句是必考点，让步状语从句是常考点。 【考点内涵】

尽管（虽然,即使），主句千万不要加but；无论（不管）…… Though，although，even if，while，……as…… no matter what （who；which；when；where；how） Whatever；whoever；whenever；wherever；however 二、典题直击 （2011陕西 ）

____all of them are strong candidates，only one will be

chosen for the post. A. Since B. While C. If D. As 【知识充电】candidate候选人；post岗位；choose chose chosen 【逻辑链】选手虽然都很强，但只能选一个。

while表尽管，位于前半句；as表尽管，位于前半句第二个字 的位置。 2013年江苏）

In the global economy，a new drug for cancer，_____ it is discovered，will create many economic A. although B. as C. while D. however

【考点】

although，as，while都可表尽管；但位于句子第二个词位置的只有as；while表尽管只能放possibilities around the world.

A. whatever B. whoever C. whenever D. whichever

【高级词汇】

global economy环球经济；drug药，毒品；possibility可能 【考点】

whenever引导的此句是让步状语，意思是“不管 （2013年辽宁）

One can always manage to do more things，no matter____ full one’s schedule is in life.

A. how B. what C. when D. where

【高级词汇】

schedule日程，计划安排；full满，忙 【逻辑链】

不论多忙，挤时间多做点事总是可以做到的。 2013年上海）

They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year， ____ they might have.

A . however difficult B. how difficult C. whatever difficulty D. what difficulty

【高级词汇】develop a software package开发一个软件包

【逻辑链】他们承诺：不论遇到什么困难，年底前要把软件包开发成功。 （2013年四川）

He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son ______ he wants to.

A. even if B. as if C. because D. before

【逻辑链】因为太忙，所以，即使想，也没多少时间陪儿子。 （2012新课程）

I don’t believe we’ve met before， I must say you do look familiar. A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless 【逻辑链】

尽管我必须说你看起来眼熟，但我还是觉得我们没见过面。 【知识充电】

familiar熟悉；therefore所以。 （2012陕西）

Hot _____ the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.

在前半句；although句，既可以在前半句，也可以在后半句。

（2012北京）

—Look at those clouds！

—Don’t worry. _____ it rains，we’ll still have a great time.

A. Even if B. As though C. In case D. If only 【知识充电】

even if=even though即使；as though=as if仿佛； have a great time玩的开心。 三、能力突破 （2011重庆）

To show our respect，we usually have to take our gloves off ____we are to shake hands with.

A. whichever B. whenever C. whoever D. wherever 【逻辑链】与别人握手要摘下手套，不管是谁。 （2011四川）

Frank insisted that he was not asleep _____ I had great difficulty in waking him up. A. whether B. although C. for D. so 【逻辑链】

尽管我费好大劲才把Frank叫醒，他楞坚持说他没睡着。 【知识充电】

insist that表坚持认为时，可跟任何时态；insist that表坚持让某人做某事，用should do，且should可省略。

Have difficulty in doing sth，做某事有困难，in可省略。 （2010上海）

____you may have，you should gather your courage to face the challenge. A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem 【逻辑链】

不论遇到多么严峻的问题，你都应该鼓足勇气面对挑战。 【知识充电】

gather one’s courage鼓足勇气；gather one’s strength攒足力气 （2010湖南）

Tim is in good shape physically he doesn’t get much exercise. A. if B. even though

C. unless D. as long as

【知识充电】

in good shape体型好，in good shape physically身体状况好。一词多义：exercise锻炼；练习。 （2008全国I）

【知识充电】other than除……以外；suit西服套装 【考点】whatever the season省略了it is。

（2004湖北）

You should try to get a good night’s sleep ______ much work you have to do. A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever

【让步引导词鉴别】

however后紧跟形容词、副词=no matter how后紧跟形容词、副词；Although后是主 can win the case. 该填哪个词？

（2013年安徽卷）

It’s much easier to make friends ______ you have similar interests. A.unless B. when C. even though

【逻辑链】如果兴趣相投，容易成为朋友。 D. so that

语。whatever后紧跟名词。

四、备考指津

1.记准引导词前后都跟什么词类。

2.把相似易混者，对比记

状语从句 第三讲 条件状语从句

考点透视

状语从句 第三讲 条件状语从句

考点透视

【考纲定位】条件状语从句是常考考点。高级词汇引导词令人头疼。 【考点内涵】“unless除非”被考频率最高。

1. if, in case（如果）, as （so） long as（只要）, only if（只有） 2. unless（=if not）除非, once一旦 3. on condition that如果

4. supposing假如, provided that如果，倘若 知识充电

1）条件状语从句，时间状语从句都有主将从现现象。

2）if如果，表肯定含义的条件；unless如果不，表否定含义条件。 3）in case引导条件状语从句，意思是如果，假设将来发生某事； 引导目的状语从句时，意思是：以防（万一）。 4）only if只有；注意：if only要是……该多好。

典题直击 （09浙江）

The medicine works more effectively _____ you drink some hot water after taking it. A. as B. until C. although D. if 【逻辑链】（若）服药后喝些热水与药更有效是条件关系；不是 因果关系，不是时间关系，不是转折关系。 （2013重庆）

______ we have enough evidence, we can’t win the case. A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since 【逻辑链】如果没有足够证据我们赢不了这个案子。 【注意】如果此题改成：____ we have enough evidence, we

【知识充电】similar相似的；familiar熟悉的。

（06山东）

How can you expect to learn anything you never listen

？

【引导词鉴别】in case假设将来发生的事情；even if即使；unless

除非；when如果，在……的情况下（已是事实）。 【逻辑链】如果你总不听，你如何指望学得会？是批评的味道， 事实是：经常不听讲。所以when最合适。 （09陕西）

My parents don’t mind what job I do I am happy. A.even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though

【命题意图】考查易混引导词含义：even though=though尽管；as soon

as 一……就；as long as只要；as though=as if仿佛。

【逻辑含义】只要我开心，父母不介意我干什么工作。 （2012福建卷）

It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties_________ it gets more financial support from the

European Union.

A.if B. unless C. because D. since 【一词多义】get over克服，熬过；present现在的，在场， 礼物；support支持，养活 【高级词汇】government政府；financial support财政资助； the European Union欧盟。 （06江苏） environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem（生态系统）

Even if B. If only C. While D. Once

【逻辑链】一旦环境破坏形成，要很多年才能恢复。

【知识充电】环境友好型社会an environmentally-friendly society.

Even if 即使； if only要是……该多好；while尽管； once一旦。 知识充电

in case， on condition that， providing， provided （that）， supposing， suppose （that） 意思相近，指“假如，假使，在……条件下”（比if更为书面化）。 例如：

1.In case I forget, please remind me of my promise.

假如我忘记了，请提醒一下我的诺言。

2.Valfierno told the story to a journalist in 1914, on condition that it would not be published until his death.1914年瓦尔菲尔诺将事件真相透露给了一位记者，条件 是只有等到他死后才能将此事公之于众。

3.I will go, providing/provided (that) my expenses are paid. 只要我的费用有人付，我就去。

4.Suppose/Supposing (that) he does not come, what shall we do? 他要是不来，我们该怎么办？

能力突破 （2012陕西卷）

All the photographs in this book, _______ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s. A. unless B. until C. once D. if 【知识充电】俗语，除非另有说明：unless otherwise stated= unless stated otherwise;

date from始自……，只用一般现在时；分词只用现在分词 dating from；dating back to上溯到 （2012江西卷）

You can borrow my car you promise not to drive too fast. A. unless

B. even if C. in case D. as long as

【逻辑链】只要你保证不开太快，我可以把车借给你。 【知识充电】最容易记混词是even if即使。 （07上海）

A. though B. before C. until D. if

【逻辑链】如果不小心驾驶，小帆船在水里很容易翻。

【一词多义】turn over移交；翻个； manage设法做到；管理；驾驭

突破定式思维

（04北京春）

_______ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if

【一词多义】

as long as只要，与……一样长；as far as与……一样远，据……所知（认为）； just as正当……时候； even if即使。 【逻辑链】

在我看来（我认为），要想避开危险，只有一种办法。

备考指津

1. 记准记熟引导词含义。

2. 积极扩充词汇量，积极积累一词多义， 熟词生义。 状语从句

第四讲 原因状语从句

一、考点透视

【考纲定位】状语从句是必考点，原因状语从句是较常考考点。 【考点内涵】

1. because，in that （因为） 2. Since，as，（既然）

3. now that，see that，considering that，（既然） 4. for（表推理依据；与前半句是并列句关系） because因为，表直接原因，because of what/词组

in that因为（好多学生不知道这个知识点） He got ill，because he worked too much.

The sports meeting was put off because of the typhoon. He was put into custody because of what he said on the internet. His request is unreasonable in that he knows we can’t afford it. 二、典题直击

（2010辽宁）

The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair___ he wanted to sit next to his wife. A. although B. unless C. because D. if 【证据链】

老人为什么求Lucy让位？因为because他想和妻子坐一起。 （2008北京）

—Did you return Fred’s call？

—I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow.

A. though B. unless C. when D. because 【证据链】不必return Fred’s call 因为because我们将见面。

（2008江西）

Animals suffered at the hands of Man ______ they were destroyed by people to make way for

A. in which B. for which C. so that D. in that 【证据链】动物受害因为人类对其进行迫害。表原因in that

（1999全国）

____ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as 【证据链】

既然机会来了，不妨好好把握。

【熟词生义】

now that既然；may as well do不妨做 （2012重庆）

—Coach，can I continue with the training？

—Sorry，you can’t ____you haven’t recovered from the knee injury. A. until B. before C. since D. unless 【证据链】不能继续训练因为膝盖伤尚未恢复。 【知识充电】

recover康复；uncover掀开；discover发现；train名词：火车；动词：训练。

（2004上海）

Parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses ____ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.

A. because B. though C. unless D. if

【证据链】

家长应严肃考虑孩子的要求因为阳光强烈的天保护眼睛有必要。 （2006湖南）

A man cannot smile like a child，___a child smiles with his eyes，

while a man smiles with his lips

A. so B. but C. and D. for

【证据链】

大人的微笑不像小孩，因为小孩用眼睛笑，可大人只用嘴唇。

三、能力突破 自拟模拟题

Observers say North Korea is attempting to reconnect with the United States _____ it has a new president.

A. if B. until C. unless D. now that

【证据链】北朝正鲜试图再联系联合国，原因是新总统已上任。 自拟模拟题

Though this may sound like a lot，it really is not， ____ $39 billion will cut child pneumonia（发炎）deaths by 65 percent by the year 2015.

A. considered that B. to consider that C. considering that D. consider that

【考点】

considering that非考分词，实考熟词生义：把……考虑在内。

（多年前全国卷）

_____ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. Given B. To give

C. Giving D. Having given 【考点】

given考查熟词生义，它不是“被给”，而是“考虑到”。 （2006广东）

Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada， ____this was a memory she especially treasured.

A. as B. if C. when D. where 【证据链】

因为Jenny十分珍爱加拿大那段回忆，所以失去那里所拍的照片很伤心。 知识充电

not because具有否定转移现象：A country is not strong because it is big. 一个国家不是因为面积大而强大。

四、备考指津

1.高考不会考表原因的引导词之间的区别，只会考与非原因的引导词之间的区别。 2.由于since，as都是多义词，故受命题者青睐。务必多留意。

状语从句 第五讲 目的&结果状语从句

考点透视

【考纲定位】状语从句是必考点，目的&结果状语从句是常考点。 【考点内涵】

引导目的状语从句常用的连词有： that（以便）, so that（以 便）, in order that（为了；以便）,lest（免得；唯恐）, in case（以 防）, for fear that（生怕；以免）

引导结果状语从句的引导词有：so…that；such…that如此…以至于 原因，that结果。

知识充电

目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, will, would中的某一个情态动词。既然是目的，就 是未发生，且希望发生的事情。

结果状语从句中的事件是已发生的事情，且发生在主 句事件之后。结果状从没有情态动词。

典题直击 （2011上海卷）

The police officers in our city work hard _____ the rest of us can live a safe life.

A. in case B. as if C. in order that D. only if

【逻辑链】警察们辛勤工作，目的是让人民安居乐业。

【一词多义】rest休息； the rest其余的

save救（命）；攒（钱） （2012辽宁卷）

Leave your key with your neighbor you lock yourself out one day. A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. as if

【知识充电】leave sth with人，把东西（留）交给某人； leave with

sth带着某物离开；leave without a word没说话就离开了。 【逻辑链】留一把钥匙给邻居，目的是防止哪天忘带钥匙。

（04全国I）

Roses need special care ______ they can live through winter.

A. because B. so that C. even if D. as

【逻辑链】 玫瑰需要特殊呵护，以便他们能顺利过冬。

需呵护与过冬，过冬是目的；二者不是因果关系， 不是转折关系。 （07重庆）

My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the

A. if

B. unless C. in case

D. so that

Pop music is such an important part of society ____ it has even influence our language.

A.as B. that C. which D. where

【逻辑链】流行音乐是社会的一个重要部分，它甚至影响了我们 的语言。因果关系。

【对比】influence影响，既可以作动词，也可作名词。 fluent流畅的，流利的speak fluent English

能力突破 （2003 上海 ）

We were in ____ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush 【逻辑链】走得太匆忙（原因），忘记带机票（结果）。

【考点】so，such搭配语序鉴别：so后第一字是形容词或副词； such后必有名词。冠词要放such that中间。 （2011山东卷）

He had his camera ready _____ he saw something that would make a good picture.

A. even if B. if only C. in case D. so that

【逻辑链】他准备好照相机，目的是预备着好画面出现。

【一词多义】make成为：He promises to become a good husband.

make it成功做到：I made it to the station just in time. make up占据：Girls make up two-thirds of our class. 备考指津

1. 记准什么从句引导词前后有情态动词。

2. 记住主从句谓语事件先后发生的是结果状语从句；目的状语从句中的动作尚未发生 。

【一词多义】power权利；电力（电源） out在外边；完，灭

【引导词鉴别】

if如果，条件引导词；unless 除非，条件引导词；in case有两种用法：1.如果，条件引导词；2.以防，引导目的引导词；so that 以便，目的引导词。 （06陕西）

His plan was such a good one____we all agreed to accept it. A. so

【逻辑链】因为计划好，所以我们全同意。

【对比】 His plan was so good ____we all agreed to accept it.

知识充电

结果状语从句so … that…/ such ….that句式中重要考查的是so和such的区别。应注意以下可能出现的结构：

1.so nice a boy that…

2.such a nice boy that…

3.so beautiful/diligent/carefully … that…

4.such （fine weather/great improvement） that… such后必有名词；so后第一个字必须是形容词或副词。 （2003上海）

B. and C. that D. as

状语从句 第六讲 地点&方式&比较状语从句

一、考点透视

【考纲定位】

状语从句是必考点，地点状语从句是高频考点；方式&比较状语从句是低频考点。 【考点内涵】

地点状语从句引导词：where在……的地方； wherever任何……的 地方方式状语从句常用的连接词有：as正如，按照；as if好像；

as though好像，仿佛； （in）the way （that）以……的方式

知识充电

地点状语从句与where引导的定语从句鉴别

判断是不是地点状语从句，看主句，主句必然缺（地点）状语。

二、典题直击 （2012天津）

Everything was placed exactly ____he wanted it for the graduation ceremony. A. while B. when C. where D. though 【判断】

去掉后边从句，主句缺地点，应该是：东西被放在某地。

（2012山东）

A number of high buildings have arisen _____ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.

（2008山东）

You’d better not leave the medicine kids can get at it. A. even if B. which C. where D. so that 【一词多义】leave

此处是放，留的意思；不是离开

（2013江西）

He wrote a letter _____ he explains what had happened in the accident. A.what B. which C. where D. how 【知识充电】

where这里指无形的地点，它是一种抽象的环境，场所。

（2013北京）

Many countries are now setting up national parks____animals and plants can be protected.

知识充电 方式状语从句考查：as（按照；像……一样）；

as if， as though（好像，仿佛）； （the）way（that）以……方式； I hate the way he manipulates people. 我讨厌他摆布人。

as if后跟对天气做出的判断时，不用虚拟语气。

（老高考题）

Look! The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.

自拟模拟题 I'll behave toward them ____ I would like to be treated. as B. since C. for D. because

【证据】我希望别人怎样对待我，我就会怎样对待他们。 像……一样

【一词多义】treat ：1）对待

自拟模拟题

YU55（an asteroid） is thought to be very black, ____it were made of carbon, like charcoal. A. if B. as if C. only if D. even if 【证据】

YU55（an asteroid）是小行星，黑的像碳，夸张。 【引导词鉴别】

if如果；as if好像；only if只有；even if即使。 【知识充电】

自拟模拟题

From the air, he wrote, the entire city looked ____ it had been destroyed. A. even though B. although C. though D. as though 【引导词鉴别】 【知识充电】

知识充电

比较状语从句考查as…as；than；what Teaching is as much an art as it is a science.

He recited as much of the poem as he could remember. 他把诗中记得住的都背诵出来了。

She’s as good an actress as she is a singer.

她当演员和当歌手都一样出色。

He is in better shape than I am. Because he works out more often than I do.

三、能力突破 （2006天津）

If you are traveling

the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. A. in which B. what C. when D. where

【逻辑链】

traveling到哪里旅行，肯定需要跟地点，故用where。

（2009山东）

The little girl who got lost decided to remain _____she was and wait for her mother. A. where B. what C. how D. who

【逻辑链】 remain保持+状态； remain呆在+地点。 【一词多义】

四、备考指津