某船厂油轮 船舶电气设备安装工艺

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船舶油轮电气设备安装工艺和规范

目 录

前言················································································································································Ⅲ 1 范围············································································································································1 2 规范性引用文件························································································································1 3 设备安装前的准备工作············································································································1 4 设备安装人员····························································································································1 5 设备安装的基本要求················································································································1 6 设备安装操作要求····················································································································2 6.1 主配电板及应急配电板·········································································································3 6.2 控制设备及分配电箱·············································································································3 6.3 蓄电池·····································································································································3 6.4 舱室照明灯具·························································································································4 6.5 强光灯、探照灯及航行信号灯·····························································································4 6.6 照明附具和日用电器·············································································································5 6.7 舱内通讯信号设备·················································································································5 6.8 设备的安装高度·····················································································································6 6.9 设备安装的基本形式···········································································································10 6.10 设备安装的紧固要求·········································································································18 6.11 设备的进线 ·························································································································18 6.12 设备的接线·························································································································20 6.13 特殊电气设备的安装·········································································································24 7 检验··········································································································································27 图1 居住区电气设备安装高度示例一·······················································································7 图2 居住区电气设备安装高度示例二·······················································································7 图3 居住区以下电气设备安装高度示例···················································································9 图4 电气设备螺栓直接紧固·····································································································10 图5 电气设备焊接螺母直接紧固·····························································································10 图6 电气设备螺钉直接紧固····································································································· 11 图7 电气设备螺栓间接紧固····································································································· 11 图8 电气设备焊接螺柱间接紧固·····························································································12

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图9 落地式旋转工作灯安装·····································································································12 图10 壁式旋转工作灯安装·······································································································13 图11 机舱舱顶灯安装 ···············································································································13 图12 机舱荧光灯安装···············································································································14 图13 电气设备在复合岩棉板上直接表面安装·······································································15 图14 电气设备在复合岩棉板上直接嵌入安装·······································································16 图15 电气设备在复合岩棉板上间接嵌入安装·······································································16 图16 电气设备在复合岩棉板上支柱间接表面安装·······························································17 图17 电气设备在复合岩棉板上支架间接表面安装·······························································17 图18 电缆引入防水设备填料函·······························································································18 图19 电缆引入高温设备 的线芯处理·····················································································19 图20 接线柱的正确接线···········································································································21 图21 发电机（电动机）的接线·······························································································22 图22 防水式分配电箱的接线···································································································22 图23 配电板的接线···················································································································23 图24 防滴式启动（控制）箱的接线·······················································································24 表1 居住区的电气设备安装高度·······························································································6 表2 居住区外的电气设备安装高度···························································································8 表3 引入电气设备电缆的弯曲半径·························································································18 表4 油船危险区域允许安装的电气设备·················································································25 表5 油船扩大危险区域允许安装的电气设备·········································································26 表6 中压电气设备外壳防护等级·····························································································27 图25电装·····································································································································28 表1 电缆敷设·····························································································································28 表1 电气设备安装·····················································································································29

前 言

1 范围

本规范规定了一般电气设备安装前的准备工作、设备安装人员、设备安装的基

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本要求、操作要领和检验。

本规范适用于公司新建12000DWT油轮、船舶的一般电气设备的安装作业。无线电设备、导航设备及其它特种设备的特殊安装工艺，不属于本规范。

2 规范性引用文件

船舶电气设备和电缆接地工艺规范 3 设备安装前的准备工作

3.1 按照区域电装托盘表进行设备集配，所有电气设备应有制造厂产品合格证。船检部门规定需经船检检验认可的重要设备，应具有船检检验合格证或船用产品型式认可证，并注意质量保证期限。

3.2 核对设备及其保护元件的型号、规格和整定值，并检查设备及零件应无缺损,具有内部接线的设备的必要的电路图或配电系统的插片图（贴片挂图）是否配齐。必要时应测量设备的绝缘电阻。

3.3 检查设备填料函的数量和内径，应与图纸要求相符,即与电缆外经相匹配。 3.4 予制的设备支架、底脚、底座等由集配中心配套，并装好使用设备的识别铭牌，配齐接线端子和带永久标记的端头套管，以便预装。

3.5 对于航行灯、强光灯、电风扇等使用插接电源的电气设备，应按系统图要求预先接好电缆及插头。额定电压超过的设备，应配用具有接地极的插头。 4 设备安装人员

设备安装施工人员上岗前应进行船舶电气设备安装工艺知识和安全生产知识的应知应会培训，考试合格者方能上岗操作。 5 设备安装的基本要求

5.1 对于经常要求操作和维修的电气设备,其安装场所应有足够的通风和空间,便于操作使用、维修。

5.2 设备的安装不应破坏舱壁或甲板原有的防护性能及强度，不应在水密舱壁、甲板、甲板室的露天外围壁上钻孔后以螺钉紧固电气设备。 5.3 电气设备不应安装在船舶外板上及双层底上。

5.4 在易燃、易爆舱室如蓄电池室、油漆间、煤舱等处，除该处必须的防爆型电气设备外，不应安装其它类型电气设备。防爆电气设备的类型和等级应满足易燃易爆场所的要求。

在蒸汽易于积聚的地方，除该处必须的防水电气设备外，不应安装其它电气设

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备。

5.5 电气设备不应贴近油舱(油柜)、水舱（水柜）、双层底等的外壁表面安装。若必需安装时，则设备与此类舱壁表面之间至少应有50㎜的距离，还须安装加强复板，但电阻、加热器及其它在工作中能产生高温的电气设备禁止安装。 设备安装在上甲板（机舱除外）及水密隔舱壁上也应安装加强复板。 5.6 安装场所如有剧烈振动，足以影响设备正常可靠工作时，设备的安装应设有减震器。

5.7 舱壁的封闭板内一般不安装电气设备。但线路的分支接线盒（箱）可安装在便于开启的封闭板内，但应有明显的开启标志。 5.8 露天甲板上安装的电气设备，一般应配有防护罩。

5.9 当非铝合金设备支架安装在铝质轻围壁上时,中间应用绝缘衬垫(例如橡胶布、涂有白漆的帆布等)隔开，以防直接接触，引起电解腐蚀。

5.10 调节电阻、起动电阻、充电电阻、电热器具及其它工作时产生高温的电气设备，应尽量远离易燃结构和其它设备安装，必要时中间应用隔热材料隔开。当设备外壳温度超过80℃时，应加防护网，以防工作人员触及而灼伤。

5.11 设备的安装应整齐无歪斜，不影响设备原有防护及工作性能，设备安装应为可拆卸的，其紧固及联接应牢固，并有防止受振动而松脱的装置。

5.12 电压超过50V的非双重绝缘的设备必须进行保护接地。设备的接地要求见《船舶电气设备和电缆接地工艺规范》。

5.13 设备外壳的防护型式应符合中国船级社《钢质海船入级与建造规范》规定的防护等级的最低要求。

5.14 设备的安装施工，应在船体校正和涂装结束后进行。

5.15 油船电气设备、防爆电气设备和中压电气设备安装附加的基本要求分别见本规范6.13“特殊电气设备的安装”中6.13.1.1、6.13.2.4和6.13.3.1条款。 6 设备安装操作要领 6.1 主配电板及应急配电板

6.1.1 配电板的前后应留有足够宽度的通道，其前面通道的宽度至少为0.8m，后面通道的宽度至少为0.6m。

6.1.2 安装在集中控制室外的非封闭式配电板后面通道的入口处，为了安全，应配置带锁的门，当配电板长度超过4m时，通道的两端均应设门。 6.1.3 配电板的前后应铺有防滑和耐油的绝缘橡皮。

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6.1.4 配电板的后面和上方不应装有水、油及蒸汽管，如不能避免时，不能装可拆卸的法兰，并采取有效的防护措施；而油柜及其它液体容器，则不得在上述区域安装。

6.1.5 配电板应安装在甲板的水平底座上（或封闭板的底座上），且与舯线平行或垂直引入电缆的电缆筒应用填料封闭。 6.2 控制设备及分配电箱

6.2.1 在安装场所条件允许的情况下，控制设备及分配电箱的安装高度其下沿一般为1.2m (或上沿为1.8 m)。相邻安装的设备其箱体应尽量平齐。

6.2.2 电动机的启动箱、设备的控制箱、主令控制器或控制按钮盒应尽量安装在电动机附近，以便操作、检修和观察。

6.2.3 控制电器的操作手轮或手柄沿顺时针方向旋转时，应为“电动机的转速增加”、 “上升”、“起锚”、“收缆”，反之则为“电动机的转速减少”、“下降”、“抛锚”、“放缆”等。

控制电器的操作手柄向前移动时应为“抛锚”、“放缆”、“下降”、反之则为“起锚”、“收缆”、“上升”。

6.2.4 室内甲板上立式安装的主令控制器或操纵台（器）其底部应有底座。一般可采用木垫,并在木垫和甲板之间涂以厚白漆封闭。

露天甲板上安装该类设备时，则应设有金属底座，其高度不应低于100㎜，并应在设备与底座之间垫以衬垫，以保证水密。

6.2.5 主令控制器的安装，手柄转轴至操作平台的高度一般为1m左右。 6.3 蓄电池

6.3.1 蓄电池应安装在专用舱室或箱、柜内。蓄电池不得安装在居住室内。 6.3.2 原动机起动蓄电池应尽可能接近该原动机安装。若此项蓄电池不能设置在蓄电池室内，则其安装处应保证有适当通风。

6.3.3 蓄电池的安装应便于检测、加液、清洁、更换。上、下层蓄电池之间应留有足够的空间，便于蓄电池安放。每只蓄电池四周应留有不小于20㎜的空隙。蓄电池的一般安装高度，即电池液孔塞至甲板的距离不大于1.4m（免维护蓄电池除外）。否则应设有踏板，以便操作。

6.3.4 蓄电池之间的空隙应用不吸潮、耐电解液腐蚀的绝缘材料楔隔、衬垫固定，蓄电池箱或柜底部应以厚度不小于2mm的青铅或其它耐腐蚀材料制成的托盘加以衬

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垫，托盘的四周高度应不小于45mm。对敞开安装的蓄电池，其上部应设有挡板。 6.3.5 蓄电池室、箱、柜应设置有独立的通风装置，其出风口设在上方，进风口设在下方。进出通风口在布置上一般设在箱、柜对角线的两端，在结构上应设有挡板或盖头，以防止水和火星进入。充电功率大于2kw的蓄电池组，其箱、柜出风口的管子应直通敞开甲板外。

6.3.6 蓄电池室的门或专用箱、柜的外面应有“禁止烟火”的标志。 6.3.7 酸性和碱性蓄电池不准安放在同一蓄电池舱室、箱或柜内。

6.3.8 蓄电池接线应采用专用电缆和专用螺栓，紧固后，所有的接线柱处应用凡士林或其它油脂涂封，以防止腐蚀。 6.4 舱室照明灯具

6.4.1 舱室照明灯具应参照室内器具的位置适当布置，首先保证操作及工作场所必要照明，并考虑舱室各处的照度。具有二个分路供电的舱室照明灯具，应交叉或间隔布置。

6.4.2 安装在货舱、外走道及其它易受机械损伤处的灯具应有坚固的保护罩。 6.4.3 应急照明灯具其外壳应有红色标志。 6.5 强光灯、探照灯及航行信号灯

6.5.1 强光灯、探照灯的安装应便于操纵，应保证其可动部分在工作需要的照射范围内转动灵活无阻。

6.5.2 强光灯、探照灯的安装应设有专用灯架或底座，灯架或底座的高度及型式应与灯具的工作要求相适应。

6.5.3 探照灯安装时，应在其底部与底座之间垫以衬垫，保证水密，对于室内用连杆控制的探照灯，其连杆的安装亦应保证水密及操作灵活。

6.5.4 气体放电型强光灯的高压触发装置应安装在带有“高压危险”标志的金属箱内，金属箱装在人员不易触及的地方。

6.5.5 强光灯、探照灯及航行灯的电缆应接到接线盒或插座。接线盒或插头与灯具之间使用挠性电缆。

6.5.6 航行信号灯的安装位置、高度及要求应符合有关信号设备规范的规定。 6.5.7 莫氏信号灯电键的安装位置设在驾驶室内前沿的两侧,如有第三只,则设在驾驶室内前沿中央。其安装高度应便于操纵，一般为距甲板1m左右。 6.6 照明附具和日用电器

6.6.1 同一舱室及相邻安装的照明附具的安装高度应尽量一致。

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6.6.2 所有器具的电源开关均应是双极断开型的。

6.6.3 非防水插座的安装位置应避免设在窗口下；防水插座及开关插座的安装，其插口不应向上。

6.6.4 不同电源种类及电压等级的插座，应采用不同结构的插座，并应有标明电源种类及电压等级的标记。

6.6.5 暗式照明开关的安装，其板柄向上为“接通”，向下为“断开”。

6.6.6 油漆间、蓄电池室、消防设备控制站、行李舱、邮件舱、粮食舱、冷藏舱及其它类似舱室的照明开关不应设在室内。行李舱、邮件舱、粮食舱、冷藏舱的照明开关应装有接通指示灯。

6.6.7 在机器处所花钢板以下及封闭的燃油和滑油分离机室内，不应安装插座。 6.6.8 分路接线盒外面应设有与系统图代号相对应的明显、耐久的标记。 6.6.9 电取暖器必须固定安装。安装场所不应有可燃气体及尘埃积聚。电取暖器如安装在可燃材料附近时，二者之间应离开适当的距离。 6.7 船内通讯、信号设备

6.7.1 音响及灯光信号设备安装在有关工作人员易于听到和观察之处，并有必要的识别标记。

6.7.2 电铃（警钟）的安装，不得使铃锤罩朝上，以免水及尘埃积聚。 6.7.3 火警按钮盒应安装在较醒目之处。其击锤应设在火警按钮的右侧。 6.7.4 室外安装的指挥电话、扩音遥控站或有线对讲分机，一般应安装在防护型式为IP56的金属箱内。

6.7.5 主机传令钟的安装，应使其操纵手柄的倒顺车方向：在驾驶室，应与航行方向相一致；在机舱，则应尽量与主机操纵手柄方向相一致。如主机有二台或二台以上，则传令钟的排列应与主机排列相对应。立式安装的传令钟，其安装要求同第6.2.4条。

6.7.6 主机转速表、舵角指示器等单独安装的指示仪表，其指针转向应符合实际运行方向，其安装位置及高度应便于观察。

6.7.7 应急报警装置的控制器，包括总用（通用）报警装置的关闭器等，均应涂上红色和设有标明其用途的明显而耐久的铭牌。 6.8 设备的安装高度

6.8.1 居住区（公用室、居住室、过道）的电气设备安装高度见表1、图1、图2。

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表1 居住区的电气设备安装高度

单位

表2 居住区的电气设备安装高度

单位

为毫米

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a) 螺栓紧固（见图4）；

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8 1 5 8 船体或金属构件 平垫圈 2 6 支架 螺栓 3 7 螺母 4 弹簧垫圈

电气设备

锡箔垫片(仅用于有接地要求的支脚)

图4 b)

电气设备螺栓直接紧固

焊接螺母紧固(见图 5) ;

1

2

3

4

5

6

7 8

1 4 6

船体或金属构件

2

支架

3 5 8

螺母 电气设备 螺栓

锡箔垫片(仅用于有接地要求的支脚) 7 弹簧垫圈 平垫圈图5 电气设备焊接螺母直接紧固

c)

螺钉紧固(见图 6) ;

图7 电气设备螺栓间接紧固

b) 焊接螺柱紧固（见图8）；

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SHIPYARDCO., LTD1 8 7 1 5 7 电气设备 2 螺柱 3 2 3 4 5 6 螺母 4 6 平垫圈 木垫

锡箔垫片(仅用于有接地要求的支脚) 船体或金属构件 8 厚白漆

图8

电气设备焊接螺柱间接紧固

6.9.3 灯具安装 6.9.3.1 落地式旋转工作灯安装(见图 9)

1 2

3

1

工作灯 2图9

落地式旋转支架

3

甲板

落地式旋转工作灯安装

6.9.3.2 壁式旋转工作灯安装(见图 10)

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3

1

2

1

工作灯 2

壁式旋转支架

3

舱壁

图 10 壁式旋转工作灯安装

6.9.3.3 机舱舱顶灯安装(见图 11a,11b,11c)

1 2

1

3

2

1 3

镀锌钢管 舱顶灯

2

连接器

1

镀锌钢管

2

舱顶灯

图 11a

图 11b

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1

角铁斜撑(L>0.5m时，使用)

2

角铁

3

舱顶灯

图 11c 图 11 机舱舱顶灯安装

6.9.3.4 机舱荧光灯安装(见图 12a,112,12c)

1 2 3 4

1

2

1 3

镀锌钢管 吊架

2 4

连接器 荧光灯

1

镀锌钢管

2

荧光灯

图 12a

图 12b