《计算机英语(第3版)》练习参考答案

Unit One/Section A

I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron
2. input; output
3. VLSI
4. workstations; mainframes
5. vacuum; transistors
6. instructions; software
7. digit; eight; byte
8. microminiaturization; chip
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. artificial intelligence人工智能
2. paper-tape reader纸带阅读器
3. optical computer光计算机
4. neural network神经网络
5. instruction set指令集
6. parallel processing并行处理
7. difference engine差分机
8. versatile logical element通用逻辑元件
9. silicon substrate硅衬底
10. vacuum tube真空管
11.数据的存储与处理
the storage and handling of data
12.超大规模集成电路
very large-scale integrated circuit
13.中央处理器
central processing unit
14.个人计算机
personal computer

15.模拟计算机
analogue computer
16.数字计算机
digital computer
17.通用计算机
general-purpose computer
18.处理器芯片
processor chip
19.操作指令
operating instructions
20.输入设备
input device
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making
changes if necessary:
We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and
produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital.
They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers.
All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some
indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.

Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation

computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计算机), introduced in the
early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the
early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation
computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation
computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale
integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation
computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches
to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.

IV. Translate the following passage fro
m English into Chinese:
计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。语音识别的改进将使计算机的操

作更加容易。虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创

建更好的人机接口。人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计

算、

使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位
DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存

储数据和执行操作的计算。这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有

限或完全属于理论范畴。科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化受到物


理限制。还有一些限制与甚至最微小的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。



Unit Two/Section A

I．
Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. input; output; storage
2. Basic Input/Output System
3. flatbed scanners; hand-held scanners
4. LCD-based
5. dot-matrix printers; inkjet printers
6. disk drives; memory
7. volatile
8. serial; parallel
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. function key功能键，操作键
2. voice recognition module语音识别模块
3. touch-sensitive region触敏区
4. address bus地址总线
5. flatbed scanner平板扫描仪
6. dot-matrix printer点阵打印机（针式打印机）
7. parallel connection并行连接
8. cathode ray tube阴极射线管
9. video game电子游戏

10. audio signal音频信号
11.操作系统
operating system
12.液晶显示（器）
LCD (liquid crystal display)
13.喷墨打印机
inkjet printer
14.数据总线
data bus
15.串行连接
serial connection
16.易失性存储器
volatile memory
17.激光打印机
laser printer
18.磁盘驱动器
disk drive
19.基本输入/输出系统
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)
20.视频显示器
video display
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making
changes if necessary:
CD-ROM stands for compact disc read-only memory. Unlike floppy and hard disks,
which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s, optical discs use reflected light. On a
CD-ROM disc, 1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy (高低不平的) areas (called
“pits”) on its bottom surface. The CD-ROM disc is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam of
light on these areas. The amount of reflected light determines whether the area represents a1
or a 0.

Like a commercial CD found in music stores, a CD-ROM is a “read-only” disc.

Read-only means it cannot be written on or erased by the user. Thus, you as a user have

access only to the data imprinted (压印) by the publisher.

A single CD-ROM disc can store 650 megabytes (兆字节) of data. That is equivalent to
451 floppy disks. With that much information on a single disc, the time to retrieve or access
the information is very important. An important characteristic of CD-ROM dri
ves is their
access rate.

IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
调制解调器是在模拟和数字信号之间进行转换的设备。计算机使用的是数字信号，
这种信号由离散单元组

成，通常用一系列
1和0表示。模拟信号是连续变化的；声波就是


模拟信号的一个例子。调制解调器经常用于实现计算机之间通过电话线的互相通信。调
制解调器将发送端计算机的数字信号转换成可通过电话线传输的模拟信号。信号到达目
的地后，另外一个调制解调器重构原来的数字信号，供接收端计算机处理。如果两个调
制解调器可同时互相发送数据，那么它们采用的就是全双工工作方式；如果一次只有一
个调制解调器可以发送数据，那么它们采用的则是半双工工作方式。




Unit Three/Section A

I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. artificial; instructions
2. low-level; high-level
3. machine
4. machine
5. functional; logic
6. statement
7. module
8. digital
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. storage register存储寄存器
2. function statement函数语句
3. program statement程序语句
4. object-oriented language面向对象语言
5. assembly language汇编语言

6. intermediate language中间语言，中级语言
7. relational language关系（型）语言
8. artificial language人工语言
9. data declaration数据声明
10. SQL结构化查询语言
11.可执行程序
executable program
12.程序模块
program module
13.条件语句
conditional statement
14.赋值语句
assignment statement
15.逻辑语言
logic language
16.机器语言
machine language
17.函数式语言
functional language
18.程序设计语言
programming language
19.运行计算机程序
run a computer program
20.计算机程序员
computer programmer
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making
changes if necessary:
A programming language is a language used to write instructions for the computer. It lets

the programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard to

machine-specific details.

The difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to the
development of assembly language, which allows programmers to use mnemonics (助记符)
for instructions and symbols for variables. Such programs are then translated by a program
known as an assembler into the binary encoding used by the computer. Other pieces of system
software known as linking loaders (连接装入程序
) combine pieces of assembled code and
load them into the machine’s main memory unit, where they are then ready for execution. The
concept of linking separate pieces of code was important, since it allowed “libraries” of
programs to be built up to carry out common tasks—a first step toward the incre
asingly
emphasized notion of software reuse. Assembly language was found to be sufficiently
inconvenient that higher-level languages (closer

to natural languages) were invented in the


1950s for easier, faster programming; along with them came the need for compilers, programs
that translate high-level language programs into machine code. As programming languages
became more powerful and abstract, building efficient compilers that create high-quality code
in terms of execution speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer science
problem in itself.

IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
面向对象程序设计语言，如C++和Java，基于传统的高级语言，但它们使程序设计
员能够从合作对象集而非命令列表的角度进行思考。诸如圆之类的对象具有像圆的半径
一类的属性，以及在计算机屏幕上绘制该对象的命令。一个对象类可以从其他的对象类
继承特征。例如，定义正方形的类可以从定义长方形的类那里继承直角等特征。这一套
程序设计类简化了程序设计员的工作，带来了更多“可复用的”计算机代码。可复用代
码使程序设计员可以使用已经设计、编写和测试的代码。这使得程序设计员的工作变得
比较容易，并带来更加可靠和高效的程序。



Unit Four/Section A

I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. application; operating
2. assemblers
3. compiler
4. interpreter
5. debugger
6. loop
7. device driver

8. John von Neumann
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. inference engine推理机
2. system call系统调用
3. compiled language编译执行的语言
4. parallel computing并行计算
5. pattern matching模式匹配
6. memory location存储单元
7. interpreter program解释程序
8. library routine库程序，程序库例行程序
9. intermediate program中间程序，过渡程序
10. source file源文件
11.解释执行的语言
interpreted language
12.设备驱动程序
device driver
13.源程序
source program
14.调试程序
debugging program
15.目标代码
object code
16.应用程序
application program
17.实用程序
utility program
18.逻辑程序
logic program

19.墨盒
ink cartridge
20.程序的存储与执行
program storage and execution
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making
changes if necessary:
A compiler, in computer science, is a computer program that translates source code into
object code. Software engineers write source code using high-level programming languages
that people can understand. Computers cannot directly execute source code, but need a
compiler to translate these instructions into a low-level language called machine code.

Compilers collect and reo
rganize (compile) all the instructions in a given set of source


code to produce object code. Object code is often the same as or similar

to a computer’s
machine code. If the object code is the same as the machine language, the computer can run
the program immediately after the compiler produces its translation. If the object code is not
in machine language, other programs—such as assemblers, binders (联编程序), linkers, and
loaders (加载程序
)—finish the translation.

Most computer languages use different versions of compilers for different types of
computers or operating systems, so one language may have different compilers for personal
computers (PC) and Apple Macintosh computers. Many different manufacturers often produce
versions of the same programming language, so compilers for a language may vary between
manufacturers.

IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
在软件中，错误是指导致程序发生故障或产生不正确结果的编码或逻辑错误。较轻

微的错误，如光标表现异常，会造成不便或带来挫折，但不会对信息产生破坏性影响。

较严重的错误会导致程序“中止”（对命令停止反应），可能使用户别无选择，只能重新

启动程序，结果致使任何前面已经做好但尚未保存的工作丢失。两种情况无论是哪一种，

程序员都必须凭借称为调试的过程，发现并改正错误。由于错误对重要数据的潜在危险，

商用应用程序在发行前要经过尽可能全面的测试与调试。程序发行后发现的较轻微错误

在下一次更新时改正；较严重的错误有时可用称为补丁的特殊软件加以修补，以规避问

题或减轻其影响。




Unit Five/Section A

I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. off-the-shelf

2. exclusive
3. cascade
4. requirements; integration
5. throwaway
6. immediate; stable
7. reuse-oriented; framework
8. software; compromises
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. system specification系统规格说明
2. unit testing单位（或单元、部件）测试
3. software life cycle软件生命周期（或生存周期）
4. system validation testing系统验证测试
5. evolutionary development process演化开发过程
6. simple linear model简单线性模型
7. program unit程序单元
8. throwaway prototype抛弃式原型
9. text formatting正文格式编排，文本格式化
10. system evolution系统演变
11.系统设计范例
system design paradigm
12.需求分析与定义
requirements analysis and definition
13.探索式编程方法
exploratory programming approach
14.系统文件编制
system documentation
15.瀑布模型
waterfall model
16.系统集成 system integration
17.商用现成软件
comme
rcial off-the-shelf (或COTS) software
18.基于组件的软件工程
component-based software engineering (CBSE)
19.软件维护工具
software maintenance tool
20.软

件复用
software reuse
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making

changes if necessary:

There are three different types of software maintenance. Firstly, there is maintenance to
repair software faults. Coding errors are usually relatively cheap to correct; design errors are
more expensive as they may involve rewriting several program components. Requirements
errors are the most expensive to repair because of the extensive system redesign that may be
necessary. Secondly, there is maintenance to adapt the software to a different operating
environment. This type of maintenance is required when some aspect of the system’s
environment such as the hardware, the platform operating system or other support software
changes. The application system must be modified to adapt it to cope with these environmental
changes. And thirdly, there is maintenance to add to or modify the system’s functionality.
This type of maintenance is necessary when the system requirements change in response to
organizational or business change. The scale of the changes required to the software is often
much greater than for the other types of maintenance. In practice, there isn’t a clear-cut
distinction between these types of maintenance. When you adapt the system to a new
environment, you may add functionality to take advantage of new environmental features.
Software faults are often exposed because users use the system in unanticipated ways.
Changing the system to accommodate their way of working is the best way to fix these faults.

IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
软件过程比较复杂，而且像所有其他的智能和创造性过程一样，依靠人们作出决定
和判断。由于需要判断和创造性，使软件过程自动化的尝试只取得了有限的成功。计算
机辅助软件工程工具可支持软件过程的某些活动。然而，至少是在未来几年内，不可能
实现更广泛的软件过程自动化，使软件能够接替参与软件过程的工程师来从事创造性设
计。

计算机辅助软件工程工具的有效性有限，原因之一是软件过程多种多样。不存在理
想的过程，而且许多组织机构发展了自己的软件开发方法。这些软件过程不断演变，以
利用组织机构中的人员的能力和开发中的系统的具体特点。对于一些系统来说，需要的
是一个高度结构化的开发过程，而对于另外一些系统来说，一个灵活敏捷的过程很可能
更为有效。


Unit Six/Section A

I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. flat
2. data
3. application; administrators
4. conceptual
5. tables
6. fragmented; replicated
7. structured

8. entity-relationship; attributes
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. end user最终用户，

终端用户
2. atomic operation原子操作
3. database administrator数据库管理员
4. relational database model关系数据库模型
5. local data本地数据
6. object-oriented database面向对象数据库
7. database management system (DBMS)数据库管理系统
8. entity-relationship model (ERM)实体关系模型
9. distributed database分布式数据库
10. flat file平面文件
11.二维表
two-dimensional table

12.
数据属性
data attribute
13.
数据库对象
database object
14.
存储设备
storage device
15.
数据类型
data type
16.
数据插入与删除
data insertion and deletion
17.
层次数据库模型
hierarchical database model
18.
数据库体系结构
database architecture
19.
关系数据库管理系统
relational database management system (RDBMS)
20.
全局控制总线
global control bus
III.
Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making
changes if necessary:
A database is any collection of data organized for storage in a computer memory and
designed for easy access by authorized users. The data may be in the form of text, numbers, or
encoded graphics. Small databases were first developed or funded by the U.S. government for
agency or professional use. In the 1960s, some databases became commercially available, but
their use was funnelled (传送) through a few so-called research centers that collected
information inquiries and handled them in batches. Online databases—that is, databases
available to anyone who could link up to them by computer—first appeared in the 1970s.
Since their first, experimental appearance in the 1950s, databases have become so important
that they can be found in almost every field of information. Government, military, and
industrial databases are often highly restricted, and professional databases are usually of
limited interest. A wide range of commercial, governmental, and nonprofit databases are
available to the general public, however, and may be used by anyone who owns or has access
to the equipment that they require.

IV.
Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
在关系数据库中，表的行表示记录（关于不同项的信息集），列表示字段（一个记
录的特定属性）。在进行搜索时，关系数据库将一个表中的一个字段的信息与另一个表
中的一个相应字段的信息进行匹配，以生成将来自这两个表的所要求数据结合起来的另
一个表。例如，如果一个表包含
EMPLOYEE-ID、
LAST-NAME、
FIRST-NAME和


HIRE-DATE字段，另一个表包含DEPT、EMPLOYEE-ID和SALARY字段，关系数据库
可匹配这两个表中的EMPLOYEE-ID字段，以找到特定的信息，如所有挣到一定薪水的
雇员的姓名或所有在某个日期之后受雇的雇员所属的部门。换言之，关系数据库使用两
个表中

的匹配值，将一个表中的信息与另一个表中的信息联系起来。微型计算机数据库
产品一般是关系数据库。




Unit Seven/Section A

I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. telegraph
2. dots; dashes
3. media
4. point-to-point
5. analog
6. digital
7. text-based
8. modem
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. microwave radio微波无线电
2. digital television数字电视
3. DSL数字用户线路
4. analog transmission模拟传输
5. on-screen pointer屏幕上的指针

6. computer terminal计算机终端
7. radio telephone无线电话
8. cellular telephone蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机
9. decentralized network分散型网络
10. wire-based internal network基于导线的内部网络，有线内部网
11.光缆
fiber-optic cable
12.传真机
fax machine
13.无线通信
wireless communications
14.点对点通信
point-to-point communications
15.调制电脉冲
modulated electrical impulse
16.通信卫星
communication(s) satellite
17.电报电键
telegraph key
18.传输媒体
transmission medium (或media)
19.无绳电话
cordless telephone
20.金属导体
metal conductor
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making
changes if necessary:
Data communications is the process of transmitting and receiving data in an orderly way
so the data that arrives at its destination is an accurate duplication (复制) of the data that was
sent. When data travels a short distance, such as when you send data from your computer to
your printer, it is referred to as local communications. When data travels a long distance, the
communication is referred to as telecommunications; the prefix (前缀) “tele” is derived from a

Greek word that means “far” or “far off.”
The difference between a short distance and a long distance is somewhat arbitrary (武断

的). For example, if your computer sends data to a printer in the next room, it is regarded as
local communications; if you phone the person in the next room, you are transmitting data
over a telecommunications device. However, the same basic communications concepts apply
to both local communications and telecommunications.

Basic data communications concepts are the building blocks for understanding how data
travels on a communications system. These concepts come in handy (派得上用处) when you


install, configure, or upgrade a local area network. In addition, these concepts help you set up
modems, fax machines, and cellular data transfer
s.

IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
个人计算机使用电信来提供传输链路，用于传送音频、视频、文本、软件和多媒体
服务。许多专家认为，这些服务的结合将带来用户对新一代高速、宽带网络的需

求。当
前，这些音频、视频和文本服务大多通过现有的电话连接使用因特网传送。有些计算机
使用综合业务数字网或数字用户线路直接连接到电话网的数字部分，但这要求在用户处
有专门的设备。此外，电话及有线电视公司还必须对其线路进行升级，以使其能够进行
高速数据传输。在许多地点，有高速数据传输需求的公司和个人现在可选择从电话公司
得到数字用户线路服务，从有线电视公司得到光缆调制解调器服务。



Unit Eight/Section A

I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. MAN
2. open; closed
3. bus
4. token
5. Ethernet
6. client/server
7. equals; temporary
8. network
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1.
file server文件服务器
2.
carrier sense载波检测，载波监听
3.
protocol suite协议组，协议集
4.
peer-to-peer model对等模型
5.
bus topology network总线拓扑网络
6.
inter-machine cooperation机器间合作，计算机间合作
7.
Ethernet protocol collection以太网协议集
8.
proprietary network专有网络
9.
utility package实用软件包，公用程序包
10.
star network星形网络
11.
局域网
local area network (LAN)
12.
令牌环
token ring
13.
无线网络
wireless network
14.
封闭式网络
closed network
15.
环形拓扑结构
ring topology
16.
客户机/服务器模型
client/server model
17.
网络应用程序
network application
18.
进程间通信
interprocess communication
19.
打印服务器
print server
20.
广域网
wide area network (WAN)
III.
Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making
changes if necessary:
Computers can communicate with other computers through a series of connections and
associated hardware called a network. The advantage of a network is that data can be
exchanged rapidly, and software and hardware resources, such as hard-disk space or printers,
can be shared. Networks also allow remote use of a computer by a user who cannot physically
access the computer.

One type of network, a local area network (LAN), consists of several PCs or workstations

connected to a special computer called a server, often within the same building or office

complex. The server stores and manages programs and data. A server often contains all of a


networked group’s data and enables LAN workstations or PCs to be set up without large

storage capabilities. In this scenario (方案), each PC may have “local” memory (for example,
a hard drive) specific to itself, but the bulk of storage resides on the server. This reduces the
cos
t of the workstation or PC because less expensive computers can be purchased, and it
simplifies the maintenance of software because the softwa

re resides only on the server rather
than on each individual workstation or PC.

IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
在计算机科学中，网络是指由通信设备连接在一起的一组计算机及其相关设备。网
络可采用电缆等永久性连接，或者采用通过电话或其他通信链路而实现的临时性连接。
网络可以小到由少数计算机、打印机以及其他设备构成的局域网，也可以由分布在广大
地理区域的许多小型与大型计算机组成。计算机网络无论大小，其存在的目的均在于为
计算机用户提供以电子方式进行信息通信与传送的方法。有些类型的通信是简单的用户
到用户消息；有些称为分布式过程，可能涉及数台计算机，以及在执行任务中分担工作
量或进行协作。




Unit Nine/Section A

I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. research
2. ICANN或the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
3. router; gateway
4. temporary/dial-up; permanent/dedicated
5. ISP或Internet service provider
6. network; host

7. decimal
8. mnemonic
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. cell phone蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机
2. IP address网际协议地址，IP地址
3. autonomous system自主系统
4. dial-up connection拨号连接
5. network identifier网络标识符
6. binary notation二进制记数法
7. mnemonic name助记名，缩写名
8. Internet-wide directory system因特网范围的目录系统
9. name server名称服务器
10. Internet infrastructure因特网基础结构
11.助记地址
mnemonic address
12.网吧
cyber cafe
13.宽带因特网访问
broadband Internet access
14.顶级域名
top-level domain (TLD)
15.因特网编址
Internet addressing
16.点分十进制记数法
dotted decimal notation
17.因特网服务提供商
Internet service provider (ISP)
18.专用因特网连接
dedicated Internet connection
19.主机地址
host address
20.硬件与软件支持
hardware and software support
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making
changes if necessary:
Early computer networks used leased telephone company lines for their connections.
Telephone company systems of that time established a single connection between sender and
receiver for each telephone call, and that connection carried all data along a single path. When
a company wanted to connect computers it owned at two different locations, the company


placed a telephone call to establish the connection, and then connected one computer to each
end of that single connection.

The U. S. Defense Department was concerned about
the inherent risk of this
single-channel method for connecting computers, and its researchers developed a different
method of sending infor

mation through multiple channels. In this method, files and messages
are broken into packets that are labeled electronically with codes for their origins, sequences,
and destinations. In 1969, Defense Department researchers in the Advanced Research Projects
Agency (ARPA) used this network model to connect four computers into a network called the
ARPANET. The ARPANET was the earliest of the networks that eventually combined to
become what we now call the Internet. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, many researchers in
the academic community connected to the ARPANET and contributed to the technological
developments that increased its speed and efficiency.

IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
因特网只是提供了将许许多多的计算机连接在一起的物理与逻辑基础结构。不少人
认为，是万维网（
WWW或简称the Web）为这个全球网络提供了“制胜法宝”。万维网
被视为因特网的内容，它通过使用管理与链接文本、图形、声音和视频的一套丰富工具
来提供各种信息。在万维网上提供和查看信息，是使用服务器应用程序和客户应用程序
完成的。

如果你已经探索过万维网，你就会看出客户端应用程序就是万维网浏览器。万维网

浏览器接收、解释和显示来自万维网的网页信息。用户可以在网页之内浏览，可以通过

点击超文本链接跳到其他网页，也可以指向万维网上的几乎任何网页。



Unit Ten/Section A

I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. system
2. copyright
3. rights
4. deleted
5. formatting或format
6. signature
7. screens
8. emoticons
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. mailing list邮件发送清单，邮件列表
2. proprietary software专有软件
3. cc line抄送行
4. bcc line密送行
5. forwarded e-mail messages转发的电子邮件
6. e-mail convention电子邮件常规
7. click on an icon点击图标
8. confidential document密件，秘密文件
9. classified information密级信息
10. recovered e-mail message恢复的电子邮件
11.常用情感符
commonly used emoticon
12.已删除电子邮件
deleted e-mail
13.电子系统
electronic system
14.附件行
Attachments line
15.版权法
copyright law
16.电子邮件网规
e-mail netiquette
17.信息高速公路
information superhighway
18.签名文件
signature file

19.电子数据表程序
spreadsheet program
20.文字处理软件
word processor
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making
changes if necessary:
Instant messaging has always been a good way to stay in touch with friends. As
comp
anies look to cut costs and improve efficiency, instant messaging is a good way to
replace in-person meetings, while allowing people to collab

orate (合作) through their
computers. Instant messaging is a valuable new tool that is becoming as common as e-mail in
the workplace.

Several companies, such as Yahoo, AOL, and Microsoft, will give you free access to
instant messaging. To use their systems, you will need to download their software to your
computer from their websites. Some instant messaging programs include the ability to send
live audio or video. With a microphone and/or digital camera mounted on your computer, you
can let other people see and hear you talking.

Most instant messaging programs ask you to sign in with a password (口令). Then, you
can create a list of other people with whom you want to converse (交谈). To begin a
conversation, send a message to the others to see if they are at their computers. Their
computers will open a window or make a sound to tell them you want to talk to them. If they
respond, you can start writing back and forth.

IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
新技术带来的变化速度对于全世界人们的生活、工作和娱乐方式产生了重要影响。
新兴技术对传统的教学过程以及教育的管理方式提出挑战。人们经常断言，推动当今社
会发生变化的最强有力因素将证明是信息技术。信息技术虽然本身就是一个重要的学习
领域，但同时也在所有的课程领域产生着重大影响。方便的全球通信使我们可以即时访
问巨量的数据。快速的通信，加上在家里、工作场所和教育机构使用信息技术机会的增
多，可能意味着学习成为一项真正持续终生的活动；在这项活动中，技术变化的速度迫
使我们要对学习过程本身不断作出评估。


Unit Eleven/Section A

I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. boom
2. business
3. entities; B2G
4. B2B
5. B2C
6. U.S.或American
7. capital
8. broadband
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. customized marketing strategy定制的营销策略
2. B2G transaction企业对政府交易
3. mobile telephone移动电话
4. dot-com bust网络不景气
5. smart card智能卡，灵巧卡
6. digital piracy数字盗版
7. dot-com boom网络繁荣
8. C2C transaction消费者对消费者交易
9. Web auction site拍卖网站
10. fingerprint reader指纹读取器
11.射频识别装置
radio-frequency identification (RFID) device

12.电子数据交换
electronic data interchange (EDI)
13.库存管理技术
inventory management technology
14.知识产权
intellectual property
15.条形码
bar code
16.货币兑换
currency conversion
17.电子图书
electronic book
18.视网膜扫描仪
retina s
canner
19.个人数字助理
personal digital assistant (PDA)
20.企业对企业电子商务
B2B electronic commerce
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the

words given in the following list, making
changes if necessary:
Commerce, the negotiated exchange of goods or services, has been practiced in
traditional ways for thousands of years. Electronic commerce is the application of new
technologies, particularly Internet and Web technologies, to help individuals, businesses, and
other organizations conduct business more effectively. As in the Industrial Revolution,
electronic commerce will be adopted in waves of change. The first wave of electronic
commerce ended in 2000. More recently, a second wave with new approaches to integrating
Internet technologies into business processes has begun. In the second wave, businesses are
focusing less on overall business models and more on improving specific business processes.

Using electronic commerce, some businesses have been able to create new products and
services, and others have improved the promotion, marketing, and delivery of existing
offerings (待售品). Firms have also found many ways to use electronic commerce to improve
purchasing and supply activities; identify new customers; and operate their finance,
administration, and human resource management activities more efficiently. The inherently
global nature of electronic commerce leads to many opportunities and a few challenges.
Businesses must be careful to understand the trust, cultural, language, and legal issues that
arise in international business.

IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
公司对电子商务感兴趣，原因相当简单，那就是因为电子商务能够有助于增加利润。


电子商务对企业的所有好处可以概括为一句话：电子商务能够提高销售额和降低成本。
在万维网上做广告做得好，可使甚至一家小型公司的推销信息传布到世界每个国家的潜
在顾客。一家公司可使用电子商务与地理上分散的小群顾客建立联系。万维网尤其有助
于创建可成为特定种类产品或服务理想目标市场的虚拟社区。

正像其可为卖家增加销售机会一样，电子商务也可为买家增加购买机会。企业可使
用电子商务确定新的供应商和业务伙伴。洽谈价格和交货条件使用电子商务比较容易，
因为因特网能够帮助公司高效地获取竞争性投标信息。电子商务可提高企业交换信息的
速度和准确性，这可降低交易双方的成本。



Unit Twelve/Section A

I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. employees
2. hackers
3. crackers
4. damage; manipulation
5. worm
6. Software piracy
7. access; backup
8. passwords
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. encryption
program加密程序
2. deletion command删除命令

3. authorized user授权的用户
4. backup copy备份
5. voltage surge电压浪涌
6. circuit breaker断路器
7. electr

onic component电子元件（或部件）
8. data-entry error数据输入错误
9. electronic break-in电子入侵
10. power line电力线，输电线
11.检测程序
detection program
12.电源
power source
13.破坏性计算机程序
destructive computer program
14.计算机病毒
computer virus
15.软件侵权
software piracy
16.硬盘驱动器
hard-disk drive
17.病毒检查程序
virus checker
18.主存储器
primary storage
19.电子公告板
electronic bulletin board
20.浪涌电压保护器
surge protector
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making
changes if necessary:
Viruses operate, replicate, and deliver their payloads only when they are run. Therefore,
if a computer is simply attached to an infected computer network or downloading an infected
program, it will not necessarily become infected. Typically a computer user is not likely to
knowingly run potentially harmful computer code. However, viruses often trick the computer’s
operating system or the computer user into running the viral (病毒的) program.

Some viruses have the ability to attach themselves to otherwise legitimate programs. This
attachment may occur when the legitimate program is created, opened, or modified. When that
program is run, so is the virus. Viruses can also reside on portions of the hard disk or floppy
disk that load and run the operating system when the computer is started, and such viruses
thereby are run automatically. In computer networks, some viruses hide in the software that


allows the user to log on the system. With the widespread use of e-mail and the Internet,
viruses can spread quickly. Viruses attached to e-mail messages can infect an entire local
network in minutes.

IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
计算机用户可通过以下方式做好应对病毒感染的准备：定期对合法原始软件和数据
文件进行备份，从而在必要情况下能够恢复计算机系统。为了预防病毒感染，可从合法
来源获取软件，或使用一台隔离的计算机，即一台未连接到任何网络上的计算机，来测
试新软件。然而，最好的预防或许是安装现行的精心设计的防病毒软件。

一旦检测到病毒感染，可立即隔离网络上的计算机，停止交换文件，并只使用写保
护磁盘，以此抑制其
传播。为了使计算机系统从病毒感染中恢复，必须首先消除病毒。
有些防病毒软件设法清除检测到的病毒，但有时结果不能令人满意。要取得比较可靠的
效果，可关掉受到感染的计算机，从一个写保护软盘重新启动，删除被感染文件并用备
份磁盘上的合法文件予以替换，并擦除引导区的任何病毒。