definition of some terms in linguistics

语言学

1. Theme 2. Semantics 3. Error 4. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 5. Applied linguistics 6. Conversational Implicature 7. Sense 8. Reference 9. Pragmatics 10. Interlanguage 11. Sociolinguistics

12. Register 13. Culture 14. Performatives 15. Locutionary act 16. Illocutionary act 17 Perlocutionary act 18 Characteristics of Implicature 19. Krashen’s Input hypothesis 20. The referential theory

语言学

1. A sentence contains a point of departure and a goal of discourse. The point of departure is called theme. 2. Semantics is the study of meaning. More specifically, semantics is the study of the meaning of linguistic units, words and sentences in particular. 3. Error: learner’s lack of knowledge/ competence 4. Our language helps mould our way of thinking and, consequently, different languages may probably express speakers’ unique ways of understanding the world.

语言学

5. Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field of study that identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems. 6. Conversational Implicature: a type of implied meaning, which is deduced on the basis of the conversational meaning of words together with the context, under the guidance of the CP and its maxims. 7. Sense refers to the inherent meaning of the linguistic form; it is concerned only with intralinguistic relations. 8. Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world.

语言学

9. Pragmatics: It is the study of language in use; the study of meaning in context; the study of speakers’ meaning, utterance meaning, & contextual meaning. 10. The type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as Interlanguage. 11. Sociolinguistics: The sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which the users of language live.

语言学

12. In linguistics, a register is a variety of a language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting. 13. Broadly speaking, it means the total way of life of people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language. In a narrow sense, it refers to local or specific practice, beliefs or customs

语言学

14. Performatives: utterances which are used to perform acts, do not describe or report anything at all; the uttering of the sentence is the doing of an action. 15. A locutionary act: the act of saying something in the full sense of “say”. 16. An illocutionary act: an act performed in saying something. To say sth is to do sth. 17. A perlocutionary act: the act preformed by or as a result of saying, the effects on the hearer.

语言学

18. Calculability; Cancellability; Nondetachability; Non-conventionality 19. Krashen’s Input hypothesis: Learners acquire language as a result of comprehending

input addressed to them. 20. The referential theory: the theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the referential theory.