新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第一册unit1-unit6课后习题答案

Unit 1

1.选词填空

explore(v.勘探，探测) transmit(v.传送，传递，传播) resource(n.资源) emerge(v.出现，为···所公认) yield(v.产生，出产，屈从，让步) pose(v.摆姿势，导致) assume(v.认为，假定，假设) confidence(n.信任信赖，自信心) inherit(v.沿袭，秉承，继承) comprehensive(a.综合的，多方面的)

1. Given the chance to show his ability, he regained confidence and began to succeed in school.

2. It is so difficult to explore the bottom of the ocean because some parts are very deep.

3. It was about 30 seconds before Alex emerged from the water; we were quite scared.

4. We often assume that when other people do the same things as we do, they do them for the same reasons; but this assumption is not always reasonable.

5. There is widespread concern that the rising unemployment may pose a threat to social stability.

6. After a(n) comprehensive physical exam, my doctor said I was in good condition except that my blood pressure was a little high.

7. It is well known that China is a country with rich natural resources and a very big population.

8. Some people believe that the earth can yield enough food to support at least twice its present population.

9. Sam inherited the gift of imagination from his family, but he lacked the driving power to take action.

10. A bee that has found honey is able to transmit to other bees the information they need in order to collect the honey.

2.15选10

attain赢得，获得，得到 fascinating迷人的，吸引人fulfill履行，执行

pursue追求，致力于 available可获得的可利用的 qualify使合适，合格

raise提升，增加 passion强烈的爱好，热爱 virtually实际上

classify分类归类 acquire获得，取得，学到 fashionable流行的

especially特别的 sample样品，标本 prosperous繁荣的

University students come from different parts of the country with various purposes. However, a closer look at their reasons for studying at the university will enable us to (1)classify them roughly into three groups: those who have a(n) (2)passion for learning, those who wish to (3)attain a bright future, and those who learn with no definite purpose. Firstly, there are many students who learn simply because they (4)pursue their goal of learning. Some read a wealth of British and American novels because they are keenly interested in literature. Others sit in front of the computer screen, working on a new program, (5)virtually day and night, because they find some computer programs (6)fascinating, and they dream of becoming a "Bill Gates" one day. Secondly, there are students who work hard mainly for a better and more (7)prosperous future. It seems that the majority of students fall into this group. After admission to the university, they read books after books to (8)acquire knowledge from all of the resources which are (9)available to them, and finally, to succeed in the future job market. Thirdly, there are still some students who learn without a clear goal. They take courses, finish homework, enjoy life on campus, but don't want to (10)sample anything new

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or challenging. They have no idea what they will be doing after college. And they may end up with nothing in their lives.

3.选词组

open the door to 给···以机会 in advance 预先，提前

all at once 同时，一下子 reap the benefits (of) 得享（某事物）的好处make the most of 最大限度的利用某物 over time逐渐地，慢慢地

get by过活，活的去 stand a chance (of)有（做成某事）的希望

remind ... of 使某人想起 take pleasure in乐于做某事

1. My family got by on my father's unemployment benefit after he lost his job.

2. Many subway riders read books or listen to music in order to make the most of their time on the way to work.

3. In order to make sure he would be able to attend the meeting, I called him up two weeks in advance.

4. Experts say our company is amazing in that sales have been increasing steadily over time .

5. In order to reap the benefits of the physical exercise, you have to exercise regularly, and for at least half an hour each time.

6. They all tried to talk all at once , but I couldn't hear anything they said.

7. Yellow flowers in the field always remind me of my childhood in the countryside.

8. We have been practicing for so long and so hard that our team should stand a chance of winning the game.

9. Research on genes will open the door to exciting new medical treatments.

10. Every one of you has made a contribution and I take pleasure in acknowledging what each of you has done to make this academic convention such a success.

4.翻译

Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying t he fundamentals (基础) of modern Western philosophy. He is a mysterious figure known chiefly t hrough the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of h is most famous student Plato. Socrates has become well known for his contri bution to the field of ethics. His method of teaching, known as the Socrat ic Method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of disc ussions. He also made important and lasting contributions to the field of e pistemology (认识论) and logic, and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a stron g foundation for Western philosophy that followed. Socrates was the most col orful figure in the history of ancient philosophy. His fame was widespread

in his own time, and his name soon became a household word although he co nstructed no philosophical system, established no school, and founded no sect (宗派).

苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家，被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。他是一个谜一般的人物，人们主要通过后来的一些古典作家的叙述，尤其是他最著名的学生柏拉图的作品去了解他。苏格拉底以他对伦理学的贡献而闻名。他的教学法亦称为苏格拉底法，即通过提问和回答来激发批判性思维以及阐述观点。该方法在各种讨论中仍被普遍使用。他还在认识论和逻辑领域作出了重大而深远的贡献。他的思想和

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方法所带来的影响一直是后来的西方哲学的坚实基础。苏格拉底是古代哲学史上最丰富多彩的人物。他在他那个时代已威名远扬。虽然他未曾建立什么哲学体系，未曾设立什么学派，也未曾创立什么宗派，但他的名字很快就变得家喻户晓了。

孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派（Confucianism）的创始人，被尊称为古代的"圣人"（sage）。他的言论和生平活动记录在《论语》（The Analects）一书中。《论语》是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。不研究《论语》，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，对中国社会产生了深远的影响。在21世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。

Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient "sage". His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years' traditional Chinese culture. Much of Confucius' thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.

Unit 2

1.选词填空

embarrass（使尴尬，使窘迫）polish（擦光，擦亮，修改，上润光剂）emotional（情绪上的，情感上的）efficiency（效率，效能）curb（控制。抑制）await（等待）donation（捐助）dump（丢弃，扔掉）stuff（装满，填满）historical有关历史的

1. He has a special feeling for the brilliant birds, and each spring he eagerly awaits their return.

2. Thanks to the efficiency of air transport, everyone is free to go anywhere at any time.

3. John believes that the donation of food to the hungry is more helpful than giving money.

4. Mary was a careful speaker; every word seemed to have been polished before it was allowed to escape through her lips.

5. When she heard it was snowing in the city they were going to, she stuffed two more sweaters into her bag.

6. During our stay in Europe we visited many places of historical interest, including several castles.

7. The wedding ceremony of my sister was a very emotional experience for our family.

8. He was embarrassd when he discovered that he didn't have enough money to pay for the red wine he had ordered.

9. The local government is pressed to find new places to waste. 10. The new system designed to dump harmful emissions (排放物) from factories will be put into use soon.

10. The new system designed to curb harmful emissions (排放物) from factories will be put into use soon.

2.15选10

emotional令人动情的，感情脆弱的 romantic浪漫的多情的空想的

ridiculous可笑的，荒谬的 overwhelmed淹没压倒

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embarrassment窘迫，难堪 appreciate感激欣赏增值

curious好奇的 awkwardness笨拙粗略难为情

cultivate耕作种植 reverse反转颠倒

parental父母的亲本的 therefore因此，所以

reduce减少缩小 beloved被热爱的，亲爱的

otherwise否则另外

Parents and teenagers have different or even opposite things to worry about. For example, while a mother might have a hard time understanding why her teenagers' room is always a(n) (1)embarrassment of dirty stuff, the teenagers are more worried about their next exams and may think it is (2)ridiculous for their mother to insist on keeping a clean room. It is therefore important for you to (3)appreciate the differences and learn to communicate with your teenagers properly. (4)otherwise, your teenagers may say nothing and shut you out of their personal lives. Their refusal to talk with you may even create (5)emotional stress in your life.Learning effective ways to communicate can (6)reverse the situation of a difficult relationship,(7)reduce the stress of your life, and lead to a friendly relationship with your teenagers. First, you should learn to discuss serious problems in daily conversations. So, important topics, such as driving a vehicle and building a(n) (8) romantic relationship, could be dealt with through daily conversations.Second, learn to be an active listener. Many parents are so (9)overwhelmed with their work that they could hardly take some time for their (10)beloved children. Spend your time listening carefully to what your children like to talk about, and make sure your children feel they are being taken seriously. This will increase the chances of good communication.

3.选词组

make it获得成功，准时到达 with open arms热烈地，欣然

strip off揭开去掉脱掉 keep back抑制，控制，隐瞒

free of/from无···拜托了···的 after all毕竟终究

straighten up直起身，把···弄整洁 throw away扔掉丢弃

1. After 10 years of full-time training, she has finally make it as a professional dancer.

2.After all , what is the point in taking part in the competitive event if the result is only to prove how incompetent you are?

3. Redecorating the house is a challenging task. It's necessary to strip off the wallpaper first.

4. I never really had any problems with change. On the contrary, I welcome change with open arms .

5. A lot of what we throw away is made from raw materials which are not renewable.

6. Megan and John realized that their house was too messy for a new baby, so they decided to straighten up their house before the baby was born.

7. Jennifer couldn't keep back her tears when she saw the sick children at a new blood cancer center in Virginia.

8. We want to give all children a world free of/from violence.

4.翻译

Christmas is a widely observed cultural holiday, celebrated on December 25 by millions of people around the world. It commemorates (纪念) the birth of Jesus Christ. The festival dated from as early as 336 AD. Gradually it evolved into a religious as well as secular (非宗教的) celebration, celebrated by an increasing number of non-Christians. Today Christmas

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is observed as an important festival and public holiday around the world. Christmas customs differ in different countries. Popular modern customs of the holiday include an exchange of Christmas cards and gifts, Christmas singing, church attendance, the display of various Christmas decorations and trees, family gatherings, and a special meal preparation. To small children, the festival is full of fantasy and surprise. Legend (传说) has it that Santa Claus will enter each house through the chimney and bring gifts to well-behaved children on Christmas Eve. Because gift-giving and many other aspects of the Christmas festival heighten economic activity among both Christians and non-Christians, the holiday has also become a significant event and a key sales period for businesses.

圣诞节是一个被广泛庆祝的文化节日，全世界有许许多多的人在12月25日庆祝这一节日。它是为了纪念耶稣基督的诞辰。该节日最早可追溯到公元336年。渐渐地，这一节日演变为一个既是宗教又是非宗教的节日，越来越多的非基督徒也庆祝圣诞节。如今，圣诞节在全球被作为一个重大的节日和公共假日来庆祝。不同国家的圣诞节风俗也各不相同。现代流行的圣诞接风俗包括交换圣诞贺卡和圣诞礼物、唱圣诞歌曲、参加教堂活动、摆放各种圣诞装饰品和圣诞树、举行家庭聚会以及准备一顿特别的大餐。对小孩子们来说，这个节日充满了幻想和惊喜。据传说，圣诞老人会在圣诞夜从烟囱进入每户人家，给乖巧听话的孩子带来礼物。由于圣诞节送礼物以及许多其他方面推动了基督徒和非基督徒的经济活动，圣诞节也因此成为商家的一个重大活动和主要销售季。

每年农历（Chinese lunar calendar）八月十五是我国的传统节日——中秋节（the Mid-Autumn Festival）。这时是一年秋季的中期，所以被称为中秋。中秋节的一项重要活动是赏月。夜晚，人们赏明月、吃月饼，共庆中秋佳节。中秋节也是家庭团圆的时刻，远在他乡的游子，会借此寄托自己对故乡和亲人的思念之情。中秋节的习俗很多，都寄托着人们对美好生活的热爱和向往。自2008年起，中秋节成为中国的法定节假日。

According to the Chinese lunar calendar, August 15 of every year is a traditional Chinese festival — the Mid-Autumn Festival. This day is the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn. One of the important Mid-Autumn Festival activities is to enjoy the moon. On that night, people gather together to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, looking up at the bright moon and eating moon cakes. The festival is also a time for family reunion. People living far away from home will express their feelings of missing their hometowns and families at this festival. There are many customs to celebrate the festival, all expressing people's love and hope for a happy life. Since 2008, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become an official national holiday in China.

Unit 3

1.选词填空

response反应，响应 transform使改观，使变形

focus焦点重点，集中于··· analyze分析，剖析

estimate估计，估算 competitive竞争性强的，有竞争力的

compensate补偿，弥补 adopt采用采纳收养

typical典型的有代表的 regulate调整校准调节

1. To make our companies competitive in the market, we have to be more creative and productive.

2. People are beginning to realize that to transform nature at will is the biggest mistake that man has ever made.

3. It is difficult to conclude what a(n) typical student does in his spare time because

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every student has different interests.

4. A month ago I wrote to the store complaining about its bad service, but I haven't gotten a(n) response yet.

5. Some of your suggestions have been adopted , but others have been turned down as they are not workable.

6. All of a sudden, he lost his interest in engineering, and focused his attention on learning

a foreign language.

7. If a company decreases health benefits for its employees, they should increase salaries to compensate the workers.

8. I failed to pass the exam although I had worked very hard. I should analyze the causes of my failure.

9. When you do yoga, try to regulate your breathing. Don't breathe too fast and make sure you breathe only through your nose.

10. It was difficult to estimate how many people had been wounded in the earthquake.

2.15选10

complex复杂的 access享用权，享用机会

preferred提出，提升 require要求

undergraduate大学生大学的 accountable可解释的可说明的

acquire获得得到 tranmits传输传送

indispensable不可或缺的 creativity创造性，创造力

referred提及，针对 seeks 寻找，追求

post邮件，张贴，快速行进 connectivity连通性

transform改变改观

There have been increased demands for higher education to provide students with better courses and more opportunities. To deal with this (1) complex issue, colleges and universities are turning to the Internet for quick (2)access to its rich educational resources. Now the Internet has been accepted as the (3)preferred technology to many other methods in colleges and universities. Many teachers now routinely (4)post their teaching materials online. A growing number of schools offer at least some (5)courses over the Internet. There are two different models of making use of the Internet for higher education. The first model (6)undergraduate to improve existing courses by using the Internet. This model provides high-speed Internet (7)connectivity to all students, faculty, and staff. While this model uses the Internet, it doesn't (8)require many changes, and it keeps most existing institutional structures unchanged. A different, more revolutionary model regards the Internet as (9)indispensable to an important change in higher education, for it is believed that the Internet can (10)transform teacher-centered instruction into student-centered learning. This, as a result, will bring about basic change to our university education.

3.选词组

keep up with保持，同步，和朋友保持联系 set up建立设立创立

fire off开枪，匆忙发出 take the lead树立榜样，带头

add to增加，增添 stand out显眼，突出，出色

in large part多半，在很大程度上 visit with叙谈闲谈

account for占据，是···的原因，解释 at a disadvantage处于不利地位的

1. I fired off a letter of complaint to the manager of the store as soon as I found they had sold me a pair of mismatched shoes.

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2. People browse the Internet, read newspapers and watch TV to keep up with what is happening in the world.

3. The university has set up another large laboratory for students to design more complicated robots.

4. I find it very difficult to account for the fact that two of our best students failed the exam.

5. In the current economy, with unemployment high and competition for jobs fierce, your resume needs to stand out for all the right reasons.

6. She is getting popular since she appeared in a TV interview last month. Her new movie will no doubt add to her growing fame.

7. The developed countries should take the lead in reducing greenhouse gas emissions (排放) and provide support for the developing nations to follow.

8. If your spoken English is not very good, then you may be at a disadvantage when you are looking for a job.

9. Their success was due in large part to their well-conceived (周密策划的) plan.

10. He has been so occupied with his work these days that he barely has time to visit with his friends.

4.翻译

The London Underground is a rapid transit (交通运输系统) system in the United Kingdom, serving a large part of Greater London. The underground system is also known as the Tube, due to the characteristic shape of the subway tunnels. It all started in the mid-1800s. The Tube w as the world's first underground train system, with the first section openin g in 1863. Since then it has grown to an underground masterpiece (杰作) of 12 lines, 275 stations, and over 250 miles of rail track, 45% of which is underground. It is the fourth largest metro system in the world in terms of route miles. It also has one of the largest numbers of stations. As an affordable and easy way to get around London, the Tube remains the first choice for millions of commuters each day, as well as tourists visiting the city on holidays. The Tube has been an international icon for London. The London Underground celebrated its 150 years of operation in 2013, with various events marking the milestone (里程碑).

伦敦地铁是英国的一个快速交通运输系统，服务于大伦敦的大部分地区。地铁系统因其地铁隧道的典型形状也被称为地下管道。伦敦地铁始建于19世纪中期，是世界上最早的地下铁路系统。它的第一段地铁于1863年开始运营。自此，伦敦地铁不断延伸，发展成为一个包括12条线路、275个车站、铁轨总长超过250英里的地铁杰作，其中有45%在地下运行。就路线长度而言，它是世界上第四大地铁系统，也是车站数量最多的地铁系统之一。作为一个走遍伦敦的经济便捷的途径，伦敦地铁一向是每天数百万通勤者以及在节假日游历伦敦的游客的首选。伦敦地铁已成为伦敦的一个国际标志。2013年伦敦举办了各种各样的活动，庆祝地铁运营150周年，纪念这一里程碑。

中国航天业开创于1956年。几十年来，中国航天事业创造了一个又一个奇迹。1970年，中国成功发射了第一颗人造地球卫星，成为世界上第五个独立自主研制和发射人造地球卫星的国家。1992年，中国开始实施载人航天飞行工程（manned spaceflight program）。2003年，中国成功发射了"神舟五号"载人飞船，使中国成为第三个发射载人飞船的国家。2007年发射了"嫦娥一号"，即第一颗绕月球飞行（lunar-orbiting）的人造卫星。2013年，第五艘载人飞船"神舟十号"发射成功，为中

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国空间站的建设打下了基础。

China's space industry was launched in 1956. Over the past decades, China's space industry has created one miracle after another. In 1970 China launched its first man-made earth satellite, ranking China the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch man-made earth satellites. In 1992 China began to carry out the manned spaceflight program. In 2003 China launched Shenzhou-5, a manned spaceship. The successful launch made China the third country to launch manned spaceships. In 2007 Chang'e-1, the first lunar-orbiting man-made satellite, was sent to space. In 2013 Shenzhou-10, the fifth manned spaceship, was launched successfully, laying the foundation for building the Chinese Space Station.

Unit 4

1.选词填空

Subsequent后来的，随后的 distinct明显的，清楚的

Intense热烈的，强烈的 respond回答，响应

Advocate提倡，拥护 involve包含，使参与

Confine限制，局限于，禁制 fulfill履行，执行

Circumstance环境，境遇 reconcile使和好

1. Fortunately, the accident didn't involve many people, for there was little traffic

at that hour.

2. She fulfilled her ambition of becoming a fashion designer after years of hard work.

3. They kept on trying their best to develop their business, but in such intense market

competition, they had no idea if success would come along one day.

4. As music plays an important role in our life, many music teachers and educators advocate

taking up a musical instrument at a young age.

5. This rule should be entirely clear in the minds of everyone and should not be

misunderstood under any circumstances.

6. My daughter was shy; she was afraid to ask questions,respond to questions in class,

or talk with other children.

7. I got from him only a letter, which was put on my office desk;subsequent to the receipt

of this letter I have never heard from him.

8. The duties to provide services for children in need are not confine to the local social

services department.

9. We pray that all nations be reconciled and that all people around the world live in

peace.

10. He suggested a small but distinct improvement on our former plan; I really appreciate

it.

2.15选10

involve包含，使参与 remarkable异常的，引人注目的

focusing调焦，集中 showered似雨般降落

intense热情的 applying应用，致力于

pushed推，推动 commitment承诺，许诺

tragedy悲剧，惨剧 advocate提倡，拥护

hailed下冰雹 tender纤弱的，温柔的

fulfillment完成，实现

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