第四章 课后习题答案
1、化下列公式成子句形式: (1)(
x)[P(x)→P(x)]
(2){~{(x)P(x)}}→(x)[~P(x)] (3)~(x){P(x)→{((4)(
y)[P(y)→P(f(x,y))]∧~(
y)[Q(x,y)→P(y)]}}
y)[P(x,y)
x)(y){[P(x,y)→Q(y,x)]∧[Q(y,x)→S(x,y)]}→(x)(
→S(x,y)] 答:(1)( (
x)[P(x)→P(x)] x)[~P(x)∨P(x)]
{~P(x)∨P(x)}
(2){~{(x)P(x)}}→(x)[~P(x)] {( {( (
x)P(x)}∨(x)[~P(x)] x)P(x)}∨(y)[~P(y)] x)(y)[P(x)∨~P(y)]
{P(x)∨~P(f(a))} (3)~(
x){P(x)→{( ~( ~( ~( ~(
y)[P(y)→P(f(x,y))]∧~(y)[Q(x,y)→P(y)]}}
x){P(x)→{(y)[~P(y)∨P(f(x,y))]∧~(y)[~Q(x,y)∨P(y)]}} x){P(x)→{(y)[~P(y)∨P(f(x,y))]∧(y)[Q(x,y)∧~P(y)]}} x){P(x)→{(y)[~P(y)∨P(f(x,y))]∧(z)[Q(x,z)∧~P(z)]}} x){~P(x)∨{(
y)[~P(y)∨P(f(x,y))]∧(z)[Q(x,z)∧~P(z)]}}