研究了渠道衬砌体冻胀破坏的机理,提出削减和抵抗相结合的抗冻胀思路;探讨了冻结力及冻胀力的计算方法;并由此推算出衬砌体抗冻胀应采用的混凝土强度标号和砌体横截面各部位相应的厚度尺寸,拟定出渠道衬砌抗冻胀破坏的合理断面;提出了解决渠道衬砌体抗冻胀问题的具体措施,
第24卷 增1 张伯平等. 渠道衬砌抗冻胀问题研究 5135
分部位按抗冻胀力大小选取;纵向不应预留伸缩缝或工作缝,横向伸缩缝填料必须密实,以防透水。
(3) 从经济安全角度考虑,阴坡和阳坡要区别对待,在理论分析和内力计算的基础上以变截面形式为佳,对三分点部位要采取加强措施。
(4) 从削减冻胀力角度出发,砌体背后应布设大孔隙滤水体,以便渗排活性水和消纳冻移水,减小冻胀力。
(5) 提倡砌体背后铺设膜料,膜料作用有:一是可阻止渠内水向渠体土体入渗;二是膜料还可保持地温,提高渠堤土体温度,减小冻胀。
(6) 在有条件的地方,可尽量考虑采用曲面形式衬砌,如变梯形断面为“U”型或改良“U”型,以求提高砌体的整体性和刚度条件,抵抗冻胀破坏。 参考文献(References):
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