技术报告-尾矿库设计及评估 (英文)(4)

技术报告-尾矿库设计及评估 (英文)

Design and Evaluation of Tailings Dams

5.2.1 Seepage Flow (Direction and Quantity) .................................... 44

5.2.2 Seepage Quality ...................................................... 44

5.2.3 Seepage Control ...................................................... 45

5.3 Tailings Water Treatment ....................................................... 48

6. CASE STUDY: STILLWATER MINING COMPANY TAILINGS IMPOUNDMENT ......... 49

6.1 Site Evaluation, Field Exploration and Laboratory Tests ............................... 50

6.1.1 Site Evaluation ....................................................... 50

6.1.2 Field Exploration ..................................................... 50

6.1.3 Laboratory Tests ..................................................... 51

6.2 Office Evaluations ............................................................. 52

6.2.1 Hydrology Evaluation ................................................. 52

6.3 Tailings Impoundment Design ................................................... 54

7. REFERENCES ................................................................... 56

LIST OF TABLESTable 1. Comparison of Embankment Types ............................................. 24

Table 2. Stillwater Mining Company Calculated Design Floods .............................. 53

LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1. Water-Retention Type Dam for Tailings Disposal ................................. 6

Figure 2. Embankment Types: (a) Upstream, (b) Centerline, (c) Downstream or Water Retention

Type ..................................................................... 7

Figure 3. Single (a) and Multiple (b) Cross-Valley Impoundments ............................ 9

Figure 4. Single (a) and Multiple (b) Side-Hill Impoundments ............................... 10

Figure 5. Single (a) and Multiple (b) Valley-Bottom Impoundments .......................... 12

Figure 6. Single (a) and Segmented (b) Ring-Dike Impoundment Configurations ................ 13

Figure 7. Phreatic Surface Through a Tailings Impoundment ................................ 16

Figure 8. Upstream Tailings Embankment Construction .................................... 25

Figure 9. Downstream Embankment Construction ........................................ 27

Figure 10. Centerline Embankment Construction .......................................... 29

Figure 11. Examples of Tailings Embankment Flow Nets .................................... 36