高分子专业英语课文翻译(4)

型聚合物溶于溶液中的特性，这些特性主要归因于聚合物大分子的尺寸。如图1.2说明了低分子量化合物和聚合物的溶解行为。

氯化钠晶体加入到水中——→晶体进入到溶液中.溶液的粘度不是十分不同于

充分搅拌

水的粘度——→形成饱和溶液.剩余的晶体维持不溶解状态.

加入更多的晶体并搅拌

氯化钠的溶解

聚乙烯醇碎片加入到水中——→碎片开始溶胀——→碎片慢慢地进入到溶液中

允许维持现状 充分搅拌

——→形成粘稠的聚合物溶液.溶液粘度十分高于水的粘度

继续搅拌

聚合物的溶解

图1.2 低分子量化合物（氯化钠）和聚合物（聚乙烯醇）不同的溶解行为

——Gowariker VR, Viswanathan N V, Sreedhar J. Polymer Science. New York:

John Wiley & Sons, 1986.6

UNIT 2 Chain Polymerization

第二单元 链式聚合反应

Many olefinic and vinyl unsaturated compounds are able to form chain-0like

macromolecules through elimination of the double bond, a phenomenon first recognized by Staudinger. Diolefins polymerize in the same manner, however, only one of the two double bonds is eliminated. Such reactions occur through the initial addition of a monomer molecule to an initiator radical or an initiator ion, by which the active state is transferred from the initiator to the added monomer. In the same way by means of a chain reaction, one monomer molecule after the other is added (2000~20000 monomers per second) until the active state is terminated through a different type of reaction. The polymerization is a chain reaction in two ways: because of the reaction kinetic and because as a reaction product one obtains a chain molecule. The length of the chain molecule is proportional to the kinetic chain length.

Staudinger第一个发现一例现象，许多烯烃和不饱和烯烃通过打开双键可以形成链

式大分子。二烯烃以同样的方式聚合，然而，仅限于两个双键中的一个。这类反应是通过