学术英语(理工)详解答案_Unit 5

学术英语 理工Academic English

for Science and Engineering

Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay

Unit Contents1 Definition 2 Two types of research paper 3 Writing an introduction 4 Writing the body of a secondary research essay 5 Writing the body of a primary research essay 6 Writing a discussion or/and conclusion 7 Writing an abstract 8 Writing a reference list 9 Academic writing style

10 Proofreading11 Listening

Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay

1 DefinitionTask 1Text 15 Genetically Modified Foods—Feed the World? Text 16 Influence of Genetically Modified Soya on the Birth Weight and Survival of Rat Pups Text 17 Clinical Risk Assessment of GM Foods

Task 2

Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay

1 Definition

1 Text 15 is an ordinary essay while text 16 and 17 are research articles.

2 For example, Text 16 and 17 use many previous findings and have their abstracts and reference lists, all

of which Text 15 lacks.

Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay

1 Definition

Additional questions for your understanding of Text 151 What does “the genetic is out of the bottle” mean according to the author? The author means that in fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives.

Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay

1 Definition

Additional questions for your understanding of Text 152 How can biotech help?

Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice that is fortified with beta carotene—which the body converts into vitamin A—and additional iron, and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attribution to pests, drought, poor soil, and crop viruses, bacteria or fungi.

Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay

1 Definition

Additional questions for your understanding of Text 153 Why does the author think that biotech is far from the whole answer? In developing countries, lost crops are only one cause of hunger. Poverty plays the largest role.

Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay

1 Definition

Enhancing your academic languageMatch the words with their definitions.

1 —— b 2 —— i 3 —— e 4 —— f 5 —— c

6 —— h 7 —— g 8 —— a9 —— j 10 —— d

Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay

1 Definition

Enhancing your academic languageComplete the following expressions or sentences. 1 genetically (基因上地) engineering 2 advantages outweigh (比……重要) disadvantages greatly 3 infrastructure (基础设施) construction 4 statistics (统计) analysis 5 will soon resolve (解决) all the difficulties 6 financial (金融的) institution 7 rigorous (严格的) discipline 8 spark (点燃) the flames of revolution 9 be in collaboration (合作) with your partner 10 a(n) desperate (绝望的) cry for help 11 alter (改变) the bad habit

Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay

1 Definition

Enhancing your academic languageComplete the followi

ng expressions or sentences. 12 resources of cultivable (可耕种的) land 13 temper (缓和) criticism with reason 14 lobby (游说……以争取) for the funds 15 He is at the leading-edge (领先地位). 16 a(n) array (一系列) of information 17 be deficient (缺乏的) in nutrition 18 be restricted (限制) to adults 19 unfounded (没有根据的) suspicions 20 Coal can be converted (使转变) to gas. 21 a(n) devastating (毁灭性的) hurricane 22 staple (主要的) exports of this country 23 transform (转变) dream into reality

Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay

1 Definition

Enhancing your academic languageComplete the paragraph.True, GM foods are already very much a part of our lives (已成为我们 生活的一部分), and farmers have a strong incentive to (迫切地想要) use

the biotechnology as it can raise overall crop productivity (能提高稻谷产量), yet we need a deep philosophical discussion of its implication. We still remember that when pesticides were first introduced, they also

were praised as absolutely safe and as a miracle cure for farmers.But for all that promise (尽管这么多保证), decades later the technology revealed its truer lethal implications. Hence, any technology should be

subjected to rigorous testing (应该进行严格的测试) before its wideapplication.

Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay

1 Definition

Enhancing your academic languageTranslate the following sentences from Text 15 into Chinese.

1 特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的 国家里，转基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。 2 在富裕的国家里，由于有大量丰富的食品可供选择，而且 供应远远超过需求，所以关于生物技术的争论相对缓和一 些。 3 生物技术专家已经培育出了含有β-胡萝卜素——身体可将 之转化为维生素A——和更多铁元素的转基因水稻，目前 正在研究培育其他一些增进营养成分的农作物。

Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay

1 Definition

Enhancing your academic languageTranslate the following sentences from Text 15 into Chinese.

4 转基因的抗病毒作物可以减少这种损失，就像抗干旱种子 在耕地面积因缺水而受到限制的地区起到的作用一样。

5 尤其在运输基础设施落后的国家，地理条件对食物供给的 限制正如遗传学为食物供给带来的希望一样大。

Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay

1 Definition

Additional questions for your understanding of Text 161 What are the three study groups in the investigation of the influence of GM soya on the birthrate and survival of the offspring of Wistar rats? ① A group of female rats fed by GM soya flour before mating and pregnancy; ② A control group of females fed by traditional soya; ③ A positive control group received feed without any soya.

Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay

1 Definition

Additional questions for your understanding of

Text 162 What are the four main sources of hazards of GMO that are discussed by scientists worldwide? 1) those due to the new genes, and gene products introduced; 2) unintended effects inherent to the technology; 3) interactions between foreign genes and host genes; 4) those arising from the spread of the introduced genes by ordinary cross-pollination as well as by horizontal gene transfer.

Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay

1 Definition

Additional questions for your understanding of Text 163 What are the two possible factors that the negative effect of GM soya on the newborn pups could be mediated? Firstly, it can be the result of transformation, and insertion of the foreign genes, which could enter into the sexual/stem cells, or/and into cells of the fetus, as it was observed by Schubbert et al. (1998). Secondly, negative effect of GM soya could be mediated by the accumulation of Roundup residues in GM soya residues.

Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay

1 Definition

Enhancing your academic languageMatch the words with their definitions.

1 —— f 2 —— c 3 —— e 4 —— a 5 —— i

6 —— h 7 —— g 8 —— j9 —— b 10 —— d

Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay

1 Definition

Enhancing your academic languageComplete the following expressions or sentences. 1 Fog restricts (限制) visibility. 2 The sun rises from the horizontal (水平的) line. 3 Early detection of cancers is vitally (重要地) important. 4 put a coin into the insertion (插入) slot 5 failed to obtain (获得) a scholarship 6 the function (功能) of an adjective 7 The magician transformed (改变) the frog into a princess. 8 the official documents (文件) concerning the sale of this land 9 the determinate factor (因素) of our economy 10 make a thorough investigation (调查) into the affair

Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay

1 Definition

Enhancing your academic languageComplete the following expressions or sentences. 11 persist (坚持) in one’s efforts 12 The artwork was a construct (构成物) of wire and tubes. 13 working out a payment scheme (方案) 14 Falling rates of child mortality (死亡率) are also significant. 15 eat a small portion (部分) of food 16 A residue (残留物) of the shampoo can build up on the hair. 17 undertake (承担) a project with significance 18 be complained of sexual (性别的) harassment 19 have difficulty in becoming pregnant (怀孕的)

Unit 5 Writing an Academic Essay

1 Definition

Enhancing your academic languageComplete the following expressions or sentences.20 The demonstrators distributed (分配) leaflets to passers-by. 21 the old salary paled in comparison (相比) with the offer 22 Histology (组织学) involves looking at cells under a microscope. 23 I presume (假定) that an agreement will eventually be reached. 24 A(n) accumulation (积累) of data will be processed. 25 Smoking is detrimental (有害的) to health. 26 All approaches (途径) to the city were blocke

d. 27 lose the optimal (最佳的) time to defeat the enemy 28 a system used to allocate (分配) a scarce commodity