What makes wines different(2)

让你认识红酒的与众不同,为喜欢红酒的人提供多一个方面了解红酒

Climate describes the weather conditions (temperatures, rainfall, sunshine) that are expected in a typical year. Warmth and sunlight can have a dramatic effect on the flavour of ripe grapes. Some grape varieties (such as Cabernet

Sauvignon) need a lot of heat to ripen fully. If the grapes have not fully ripened, wines from these varieties will taste excessively bitter and lacking in fruit flavours. Other grapes (such as Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Noir) need a moderate or cool climate otherwise they may over-ripen and lose their refreshing fruit character and acidity. A few grapes (such as Chardonnay) can make interesting wines in hot, moderate and cool climates. 气候包括一年里的天气情况（温度，降雨量和光照）。温暖和阳光对成熟葡萄口味影响很大。一些葡萄品种（例如赤霞珠）需要大量的热量完全成熟。若葡萄并未完全成熟，葡萄酒口味会非常苦并缺少果香。其他葡萄品种（例如长相思和黑比诺）需要适宜或凉爽的气候，否则容易过度成熟从而失去水果的清新特色和酸性。一些葡萄（例如霞多丽）在炎热，适度或凉爽气候里都有不同的表现。

In general, 概况一下，就是

hot climate = more alcohol, fuller body, softer tannin, less acidity. 气候炎热=酒精度更高，酒体更丰富，单宁较柔和且酸度较低。 cool climate = less alcohol, lighter body, firmer tannin, more acidity. 稍冷的气候则相反。

Local geography will also affect the climate surrounding a vineyard. For example in the northern hemisphere vineyards planted on south-facing slopes will be warmer because of increased exposure to the sun. The proximity to large bodies of water can increase humidity and moderate changes in temperature. 当地地理环境也会影响葡萄园周围的气候。比如，在北半球朝南的坡上葡萄园会因长时间接受光照而更加温暖。靠近海洋则可以增加空气湿度，并且温度变化较小。

If the ideal climate were ever to exist it would include sufficient moisture and warmth to enable the vines to grow and the grapes to ripen. Furthermore, the right weather conditions must prevail during the various stages of the growth cycle of the vines. 包括足够湿度和温暖环境的理想气候条件有助于葡萄成长成熟。另外，适合的天气条件在葡萄生长周期的不同阶段必须符合。

Perfect conditions would be: 完美的条件必须是：

A cold winter to inhibit growth and rest the vine. Frosts to kill diseases, but not so severe as to kill the vine. 寒冷

的冬季会使葡萄停止生长。霜冻驱除疾病，但不足以使葡萄死亡。