第30卷第2~3期唐颖等:页岩气开发水力压裂技术综述
Symposium.Calgary,Alberta,Canada:SPE,2000.
399
5结论与认识
(1)水力压裂技术是页岩气开发的核心技术之
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一,现已广泛应用在页岩气井的增产作业中。目前常用的水力压裂技术有多级压裂、清水压裂、同步压裂、水力喷射压裂和重复压裂。
(2)多级压裂技术是目前页岩气水力压裂作业中应用最广泛的技术,多级压裂加水平井是合理的页岩气开发方式。清水压裂改变了以往依靠交联冻胶延长裂缝的手段,既达到了增产效果,又减小了对地层的伤害。同步压裂技术作业的特点是2口或2口以上的井同时压裂,尤其适用于开发中后期井眼密集时的压裂作业。水力喷射压裂的应用不受完井方式的限制,可在裸眼和各种完井结构水平井实现压裂,缺点是受到压裂井深和加砂规模的限制。重复压裂能够有效地改善单井产量与生产动态特性,除用来恢复低产井的产能外,对于那些产量相对较高的井提高产量同样适用。
(3)清水压裂作业成本低,地层伤害小,在国内常规油气开发中应用成熟,是现阶段中国页岩气开发储层改造的适用技术,对于开采长度(厚度)大的页岩气井,可以使用多级分段清水压裂,在开发中后期产量下降时,可以使用重复压裂技术重新改造。随着中国页岩气开发技术的成熟和开发规模的扩大,同步压裂技术是规模化页岩气开发的客观需要。
致谢:国土资源部油气资源战略研究中心李玉喜研究员在成文过程中给予指导和帮助,在此致谢。参考文献
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