2012年最新出版自考英语(二)讲义 Unit 10 Ode to Public Transport

2012年最新出版自考英语(二)讲义

2013年自考“英语（二）”备考资料（新版教材 unit 10）

Unit 10 Ode to Public Transport

Ode to Public Transport

补充重要单词trans-words：

transmit / transform / transplant / transport / transfer / transit

transmit v. 传送，传染，传播（热，光，声音等）

a disease that can be transmitted to humans

Insects can transmit disease.

Irons transmit heat. 铁能导热。

Water transmits sound better than air. 水比空气能更好的传声。

transmission n. 传送，传染，传播

the transmission of diseases 疾病的传播

transform v. 使改变性质，使改观

transform sth/sb (from sth) (into sth)

She transformed the room by painting it.

The climate has transformed the area from a desert into a swamp.(沼泽) Caterpillars can be transformed into butterflies. 毛毛虫可以变为蝴蝶。 transformation n. 改变，改观

His character seems to have undergone a complete transformation since his marriage.

transplant v./n 移植

transplant sth from sb/sth to sb/sth

transplant a kidney （肾）from one twin to the other

transport v./n. 运输，搬运

transport wheat from a farm to a mill (磨坊)

public transport 公共交通

transportation n. 交通，运输

various means of transportation 各种交通方式

注意：transport和transportation都可以表示运输这个抽象概念。但是transportation更多的表示运输，而transport同时能表示运输器材。

如：I need some transport to deliver the goods. 我需要某一运输工具运送这批货物

transfer v/n. 将…… 由一处转移到另一处，调动，转车

transfer sth/sb (from…) (to…)

His employer transferred him to another office.

The head office has been transferred from London to Paris.

She's has been transferred to our Beijing branch.

transfer one's affections （比喻）转移爱心

2012年最新出版自考英语(二)讲义

transfer to another bus 转乘另外一辆公共汽车

They will be offered transfers to other locations. 他们将得到去其他地方的调动令。

It can be connected to a PC for the transfer of information. 它可以连接到个人电脑上进行信息转录。

transit v. 过渡，通过，横越

airplanes transiting the U.S. and Canada

transition n. 过渡，转变，变迁

a period of peaceful transition

the transition from childhood to adulthood

I. New words and expressions

New words

1. proclaim v. 宣布；宣告；声明

2. sector n.（尤指一国经济的）部门，领域，行业

3. necessity n. 必需的事物；必需品

necessary

necessarily

4. arrangement n. 安排；筹备

5. territory n. 领土；版图；领地

6. upfront adv. 预付地；预交地

7. sunburn n. 晒斑；晒伤

8. groceries n. 食品杂货

9. radius n. 半径（长度）

10. expense n. 费用；价钱

11. annually adv. 一年一次地

12. household n. 一家人；家庭

13. commute n. 上下班路程

14. switch v. （使）改变，转变

15. transport n. 交通车辆；运输工具；旅行方式

16. carbon n. 碳

17. majority n. 大部分；大多数

major

minor

minority

18. wean v. 使逐渐戒除恶习（或避免依赖…）

19. dependence n. （生存或成功必需的）依靠，依赖，依存

depend

dependent (on / upon)

independent (of)

2012年最新出版自考英语(二)讲义

dependently

independence Day

20. approximately adv. 大概；大约；约莫

21. petroleum n. 石油：原油

22. exception n. 规则的例外；例外的事物

23. electrical adj. 电的；用电的；发电的

24. economic adj. 经济的；经济上的；经济学的

economical

economy

economics

economist

（具体参考Unit 6，Text B）

25. electricity n. 电；电能

electrical

electrician

联想：-ian作为名词后缀：musician, Italian, Asian, comedian, tragedian等。

26. stable adj. 稳定的；稳固的；牢固的

stability

unstable

instability

27. strengthen v. 加强；增强；巩固

复习重要单词：（Unit 7, Text B曾经讲过）

strong-strength-strengthen

long-length-lengthen

wide-width-widen

broad-breadth-broaden

deep-depth-deepen

high-height-heighten

short-shortness-shorten

weak-weakness-weaken

28. consequently adv. 因此；所以

29. lessen v.（使）变小，变少，减弱，减轻

30. resource n. 资源；财力

31. ease n. 舒适；安逸；自在 v. 减轻；放松；缓和

32. inhabitant n. （某地的）居民，栖息动物

33. limited adj. 有限的（具体参考Unit 1，Text B）

limit

limitation

2012年最新出版自考英语(二)讲义

limited

unlimited / limitless

Phrases and Expressions

1. bask in 晒太阳；取暖

2. account for 数量上、比例上占

3. be reliant upon 依赖；依靠

4. be attributed to 把…归因于，认为…是由于

II. Text Learning

The Importance of Public Transportation

① A US Congressman once proclaimed that, "(1)There can be no doubt that the transportation sector is the most critical sector of our

economy." I know exactly what he means.（承上启下句）In this day and age, access to transportation is considered a necessity.

② Public transportation is defined as a service that is available for use by the general public. It is a cheaper and environmentally friendly alternative. It is not a transportation service that you can arrange

privately to suit your own personal convenience (although you may, to a certain extent, such as paying for a cabin or suite on a train or ship) since you have to consider other passengers who are riding and making similar arrangements with you.

③ (2)I have experienced first-hand how important public transportation is.

④ I live in Saipan, a US territory and the closest things we have to public transportation are tourist and school buses. You have to have your own car or bike, rent a car, or pay upfront for a taxi to go from point A to point B. Otherwise you end up basked in sweat and sunburn traveling to work every day. When I first came here, I walked. I walked going to and from work. I walked to the store and lugged my heavy groceries back to the house. I walked to church and I barely got to go to places farther than a twenty-mile radius from my house since I did not own a car then, and (3)I considered renting a car and riding a taxi such an expense for a starting single mother like I was at that time. 本部分重点及难点：

1. "There can be no doubt that the transportation sector is the most critical sector of our economy."

毫无疑问，交通是我们经济体系最至关重要的领域。

2. I have experienced first-hand how important public transportation is. 我亲身体验过公共交通的重要性。

3. I considered renting a car and riding a taxi such an expense for a starting single mother like I was at that time.

(1) consider doing sth.

consider…(to be) such an expense

(2) a starting single mother 刚刚起步的单亲妈妈

⑤ For me, public transportation is very important because of the following reasons:

2012年最新出版自考英语(二)讲义

1. It saves money.

According to research done by the American Public Transportation

Association（美国公交协会）, individuals can save up to $9,515 annually by parking their cars at home and using public transportation instead. In this economy, saving money has become a main concern in most households. With the rising prices of fuel and other vehicle-related

expenses, doing the public commute to work and school certainly saves money.

2. It helps the environment.

When you switch from driving your car to taking public transport, you are reducing your carbon footprint（碳足迹；碳排放量）and making a great step forward in saving the environment. The environmental costs of individuals using their cars every day have done massive damage to the environment and if the majority or all individuals like you and me use public transport instead, think of what good we could do for the environment.

3. It will wean us out of energy dependence.

According to a paper made by Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue and Dr. Claude Comtois, transportation accounts for approximately 25% of world energy demand and for more than 62% of all the oil used each year. Ninety-five percent of transportation is almost completely reliant upon petroleum products with the exception of railways using electrical

power. (4)While the use of petroleum for other economic sectors, such as industrial and electricity generation, has remained relatively stable, the growth in oil demand is mainly attributed to the growth in

transportation demand.

When we strengthen our public transportation services, we are

consequently lessening this oil demand and dependence. It will also motivate us to consider alternative energy and fuel resources.

本部分重点及难点：

4. While the use of petroleum for other economic sectors, such as

industrial and electricity generation, has remained relatively stable, the growth in oil demand is mainly attributed to the growth in transportation demand.

(1) industry

No one doubted his ability, his industry or his integrity. 没有人怀疑他的能力、勤奋和正直。

区分：industrious / industiral

(2) attribute…to… 归因于，归功于

American parents always attribute their children's success to natural talent and hard work.

注意区分：owe…to…

contribute …to…

4. It provides ease and convenience.

Having public transportation definitely eases some of the burdens of people who do not have cars or prefer not to own one. They are

provided with choices to use public transport. (5)Public transportation also provides valuable services not just to local inhabitants in the area

2012年最新出版自考英语(二)讲义

but to tourists as well. When a tourist visits a place, which does not have public transportation, their choices are limited and the experience they get is limited, too.

请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！

【单选题】21. We ______ Moonlight Sonata（月光奏鸣曲）to Beethoven.

A． distribute

B． tribute

C． contribute

D． attribute

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查attribute / contribute…to…。attribute…to…相当于

owe…to…意为"归功于，归因于"，contribute…to…意为"捐款，投稿"。本句的意思是"我们把月光奏鸣曲归功于贝多芬。"

【知识点】attribute / contribute…to…

⑥ All in all, public transportation improves our way of life, strengthens the community, provides new jobs for the public and gives us a cleaner environment.

本部分重点及难点：

5. Public transportation also provides valuable services not just to local inhabitants in the area but to tourists as well.

not just / only…but …as well相当于not only…but also…

III. 部分练习讲解

P305 Bridging the Gap

Directions: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best

completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given.

解题方法：把词分类

动词 形容词 代词/限定词

compared to low another

require personal

running out of economic

refers to positive

limited

Often referred to as green transport, sustainable transportation is the way of the future. Transport powered by gas and petrol is running on a 1 limitedtime frame（时间范围，期限）, as both these sources are

unsustainable in the long run. In contrast, sustainable transportation offers an option to a world rapidly 2 running out ofrenewable（可再生的） fuel sources. It 3 refers toany kind of transport that has a low impact on the environment, such as walking, cycling, mass transit, green vehicles, and car pooling（集体用车，拼车）, amongst others. Any mode of transport is deemed sustainable if it has a 4

lowenvironmental impact and uses little or no fuel. Walking is the best example of sustainable transportation, as it does not 5 requireany gas.

2012年最新出版自考英语(二)讲义

However, walking can be impractical if you are travelling longer

distances. Cycling is 6 another green transport option and is a far more practical option for longer commutes.

Using public transportation, such as buses or trains, is also more

sustainable 7 compared toprivate vehicles. The amount of fuel used to transport a bus full of people is more effective compared to a single

person driving a 8 personal car. A sustainable transport system has a 9 positiveimpact on the environment, and helps to promote social and 10 economicsustainability（可持续性） in the communities it serves.

Increased mobility usually results in better socio-economic conditions: I. New words and expressions

New words

1. advantage n. 有利条件；有利因素；优势

disadvantage

联想：merit, demerit

2. authentic adj. 真实的；真正的

3. assurance n. 保证；担保

assure

4. intentionally adj. 有意地；故意地

intend

intention

intentional

unintentional非故意的，无意识的

well / ill-intentioned

5. harsh adj. 残酷的；严酷的；严厉的

6. respectfully adv. 恭敬地

respect

respectable

respectful

respective

练习：

We should show respect for our elders.

Each walk of life is equally respectable, no matter whether it is an engineer or a dustman.

He is very respectful to his teachers.

After school, they went back to their respective homes.

7. able-bodied adj. 健康的；健壮的

8. warmth n. 热情；友情

warm

-th: warmth, length, growth, strength, width, breadth等

9. guts n. 勇气；胆量；决心；毅力

10. particularly adv. 特别；尤其

2012年最新出版自考英语(二)讲义

11. ferry n. 渡船

12. destination n. 目的地；终点

13. maintenance n. 维护；保养

maintain

14. economical adj. 节俭的；节约的；简洁的

economic

15. untoward adj. 异常的；意外的；棘手的；不幸的

16. incident n. 发生的事情（尤指不寻常的或讨厌的）

17. transit n. 运输；运送；搬运；载运

18. aggravate v. 使严重；使恶化

19. push n. 矢志的追求；坚定的努力

20. sustain v. 使保持；使稳定持续

sustainable

sustainability

unsustainable无法维持的，无法支撑的

21. accumulate v. 积累；积聚

22. heed v. 留心；注意；听从（劝告或警告）

23. habitat n. （动植物的）生活环境，栖息地

24. stand n. 停车处；站

Phrases and Expressions

1. pick up 让人乘车；搭载

2. by and large 大体上；总体上

3. conduct oneself 举止；表现

4. in public 公开地；在别人（尤指生人）面前

5. give up... to... 把…交给（或让与）…

6. save on 节省；节约

7. keep tabs on 监视；密切注视

8. God/Heaven/Lord forbid (that...) 但愿这事不发生

II. Text Learning

Personal Advantages of Taking Public Transportation

1 When I take public transport, I always end up seeing a balanced view of regular folks, which is different from how they're usually depicted in the profit-driven media. I meet real, authentic people who may have the same concerns as mine. Whenever I'm on a bus, or the train, or even at times in a taxi that I share with other passengers, whom the driver picks up along the way, I get assurances that most folks mean well to me, i.e., they don't mean to harm me intentionally, despite a few terrible, harsh experiences I've had with some bad people before. 2 The meaningful experience of receiving respect from and giving respect to others

People generally behave as politely and respectfully as they can

2012年最新出版自考英语(二)讲义

whenever they take public transportation. That's how all of us were taught, by and large, by our parents, our elders and the generations before. We always need to conduct our best selves when in public. It's a great experience seeing able-bodied men giving up seats for the

elderly, disabled, or pregnant women. I even see women give up seats to others. (1)I see people move a bit on their seats just to share space to those needing seats. I see people smiling and talking with each other. I feel more warmth among people when on a bus or the train. I see people behaving genuinely pleasant toward co-passengers, and I realize it takes a lot of guts to do this especially during these difficult times.

3 Save cash for other purposes

I always get the opportunity to save money, and am actually gaining pennies these days. This is particularly true when you live in a city, like New York, where subways and buses are in place. I've done the math: it's far cheaper to take the subway and the bus, plus the ferry if you live in Staten Island like me, than to keep a car and drive yourself to your usual destination. (2)You save on the parking fees, the toll fees, the insurance cost, the repair and maintenance costs, and the perceived costs of aggravation from motorists on the road, the fuel, among other costs. On public transportation, you simply just pay the fare.

本部分重点及难点：

1. I see people move a bit on their seats just to share space to those needing seats.

(1) see sb. do sth.

(2) those needing seats 需要座位的人

2. You save on the parking fees, the toll fees, the insurance cost, the repair and maintenance costs, and the perceived costs of aggravation from motorists on the road, the fuel, among other costs.

(1) save on sth. 节省，节约

(2) the perceived costs of aggravation from motorists on the road 我们可以感觉到的马路上的汽车司机开车造成的环境恶化的成本

(3) among other costs 除了其他成本

4 Light baggage to bring with you

Just carry myself and my tiny baggage. I occupy the least space, which is actually wherever I happened to be standing or sitting, which

contributes to my baggage being very economical and lighter to carry.

(3)If ever there would be untoward incidents while in transit, I'd always be assured that I only have myself to worry about, which is unlike when you're in your car. If an accident happens while you are in your car, you will be doubly aggravated because you will have to keep tabs on things other than yourself (who, by then, may be extremely anxious or even, may the Lord forbid, in a worst situation).

5 Strong push for long-term environmental projects

I am confident that I contribute more to efforts in sustaining and keeping a much cleaner environment. (4)Motorists always have to consider that they actually are contributing more to accumulated

environmental damage when they use fossil-sourced fuel for their cars.

2012年最新出版自考英语(二)讲义

Those who are concerned about the environment, especially

policymakers, leaders and managers, might as well（不妨，倒不如）heed this by taking the chance to take public transportation if time allows them. Their followers will eventually get the message: you'll be contributing more to saving what's left of our habitat by keeping away from using less of the natural resources.

6 Movement and exercise

I get the chance to do my exercises walking from my place to the bus stand (or the subway station, or the ferry station). (5)I actually feel a much healthier me whenever I take public transportation.

7 Come, join me and everyone else taking public transportation. 本部分重点及难点：

3. If ever there would be untoward incidents while in transit, I'd always be assured that I only have myself to worry about, which is unlike when you're in your car.

(1) in transit 在途中

(2) be assured that … 确信的，确定的

(3) I only have myself to worry about.

(4) which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰that I only have myself to worry about。

4. Motorists always have to consider that they actually are contributing more to accumulated environmental damage when they use fossil-sourced fuel for their cars.

(1) contribute to 导致，引起

(2) accumulated environmental damage 集聚的环境破坏

(3) fossil-sourced fuel 矿物燃料（如煤）

5. I actually feel a much healthier me whenever I take public

transportation.

a much healthier me作feel的表语。

句意：每当我乘坐公共交通工具时，我确实感觉自己更健康了。