高三定语从句复习和习题

The attributive clause

(定语从句)

在讲定语从句之前，我们必须知道以下两个概念：1.复合句2.定语

复合句：一个主句和一个以上从句构成的有主从关系的句子结构，从句要充当主句的某个句子成分(Main clause =1+subordinate clause≥1).

定语: 描述,修饰,或限定中心词的句子成分,定语的作用就是让读者对所描述,所修饰的,或所限定的主体有更清楚认识.

A table

A small table

A small round table

A small round old table

A small round old French table

定语绝大多数由形容词充当，当然名词，非谓语动词，介词短语也可以充当定语 Summer vacation, a stone bridge, club members, developing counties, winter in Chengdu 我之所以讲这两定义是因为他们与定语从句的理解息息相关，其一，定语从句属于复合句，其二，起限定作用，功能相当于一个形容词,只是放在了所修饰词之后。

定语从句中我们一定要清楚以下两个概念

1.先行词（antecedent）: 被定语从句所修饰或限定的那个词。

2.关系词，在定语从句中代替先行词的那个词。 学习定语从句务必要牢记它是复合句，先行词属于主句，而关系词属于从句，先找关系词，再找先行词。

定语从句在高考的考点集中在关系词上面，关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词

1.关系代词:

高考常以下6个关系代词that, which, who whom, whose, as, 至于but, than 这两关系代

词高考不考。我在这里也不做讲解。

That 引导定语从句时，可以指代人或物，在从句中充当，主语，宾语，或表语。

A: Could you introduce the girl that is good-looking to me?

B: You mean the girl that Joe is dancing with?

A:Yeah, she is really a knockout girl.

A: Have you heard that the company (that) Bob worked in went bankrupt?

B: It is really bad news! It is not easy to find a good job that can support a family.

A: Recently, I have paid a visit to Shanghai. It has changed a lot. It is no longer the city that it used to be.

B: I wish I could go there in the future.

Which 引导定语从句只能指代物 在从句中充当宾语，或主语。

A: Don’t you think the tree which grows against the wall is ugly?

B: I will cut down immediately.

A: Where did you put the tickets (which) I gave you yesterday?

B:Oh, my Gold! I lost them!

Who 指人，作主语

Please take the note to the man who is reading.

He who laughs last laughs best.

Whom 指人，宾语

Does he look like the criminal (whom) the police are searching for?

She is not the girl (whom) I want to marry.

People are always willing to have a conversation with those with whom they have something in common.

Whose 引导定语从句时指人或物，在从句中充当定语，后需接名词

We should care the people whose relatives and possession were lost in the violent earthquake.

A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. The houses whose roofs were damaged in the fire need repairing.

As 引导限制性定语从句时，先行词前必须出现 such,或 the same!

They have the same materials as are used in the factory.

The houses were sold at such a low price as people expected.

The movie is not such as people expect.

She is not the same girl as she used to be.

2.关系副词

只有3个，分别为where when why ,

关系副词和关系代词之间的关系：关系副词= 介词+which.

行词确定介词。

This is the factoryThis is the factory≠ where)

Where

I often recall the town where I grew up.(where = in which)

The village where she used to live has already changed into a big city.

The lake where many boats and people were gone is called “the ghost lake”

当先行词是下列词时：case, point, condition ,situation, 也用关系副词

I can list many cases where student know a lot of English words and expressions but can’t write a proper essay.

Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers where consumers` complaints result in the changes in law..

After graduation she reached a point in her career Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly

如果高考中出现对话形式来考定语从句，需要注意问句！看下面两道高考题

—Where did you get to know her?

—It was on the farm _________ we worked. [2007 山东卷]

A．that B．there C．which D．where

（北京卷26）–What do you think of teaching, Bob?

–I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting.

A. where B. which C. when D. that

第一道题考的是定语从句和强调句从句的区别，第二道题考的是定语从句与同位语从句的区别。但从语法角度每道题有个正确选项，但只要你仔细体会问句，就可以选出正确答案

Where 与关系代词which的区别

This is the factory

This is the factory通过这两个句子的对比，选那个关系词取决于定语从句，再仔细观察，定语从句中的动词（及物动词与不及物动词）是解题的关键。

When 引导定语从句时，在从句中充当时间状语

Teenagers go through a period when they are strongly against their parents.(when=during which)

I will never forget the time when I stayed with my first love.

I really hate winter in the north when the temperature is often below zero.

在高考中常出现分离式定语从句，即关系词没紧接在先行词之后。因此找到先行词就是做题的关键。

Because of the financial crisis, are gone when local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.

看下面两个定语从句，体会where 与which 的区别

She really misses the days whichShe really misses the days when

Why 引导定语从句时，在从句中充当原因状语. 注意这个关系副词的使用范围,通常先行词是reason 时才用，但reason 后也可接that 引导的定语从句.

The reason why Tom was punished is that he didn’t finish his assignment.

The reason why he didn’t go in to a film academy is that he has a low grade.

The reason why … is that….

The reason (that) she told her boy friend is false.

只能用that的7种情况：

1.先行词是不定代词

2.先行词被all,any,every,few,little等不定代词所修饰

3.先行词是序数词或被形容词的最高级所修饰

4.先行词被the only,the very(就是那个）所修饰

5.先行词既有人又有物时

6.当句子已有who时（为避免重复）

7.关系代词在从句中作表语时

不能用that的2种情况：

1.引导非限定性定语从句时，一般用which，不用that

2.关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which/whom

定语从句

考点一

1．(2010 全国I，24)As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _______ is named after his grandfather.

A. which B. where C. What D. that

2.（2008 江苏）The Science Museum, ______ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions.

A. which B. what C. that D. where

3. (2009 山东，24) Whenever I met her, _____ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.

A. who B. which C. when D. that

４. (2007 湖南)By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ___________ can be very

eye-opening and rewarding.

A. who B. which C. what D. that

考点二

1．(2010 全国II，16)I refuse to accept the blame for something _______ was someone else’s fault.

A. who B. that C. as D. what

2.（05 北京春）Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago?

A. where B. when C. that D. what

3.（06 江西）－Do you have anything to say for yourselves?

－Yes, there is one point _______ we must insist on.

A. why B. where C. how D. /

4.（05 福建）－Is that the small town you often refer to?

－Right ,just the one _______ you know I used to work for years.

A. that B. which C. where D. what

考点三

1.（2010 北京卷，27）Children who are not active or _______ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.

A. what B. whose C. which D. that

2.（2010 陕西卷，11）The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.

A. where B. which C. its D. whose

3.（2010 江苏卷，32）The newly built café, the walls of _______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.

A. that B. it C. what D. which

4.(2008 陕西) The man pulled out a gold watch, ________ were made of small diamonds.

A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which

考点四

This is also part of your work, as I told you before.

He want to buy the same computer as I bought yesterday.

Such person as you are give us a deep impression.

1．_________ is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month．

A．It B．As C．The D．What

2.(06 天津)The Beatles，________ many of you are old enough to remember，came from Liverpool．

A．what B．that C．how D．as

考点五

1．（2010 浙江卷，3）The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _______ left their village homes for a better life in the city.

A. whom B. which C. them D. those

2. (2007 江苏) He was educated at the local high school, ______ he went on to Beijing University.

A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that

3. (2008 上海) Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, _____ there won’t be much work.

A. where B. that C. by which D. without which

4. (2009 陕西，11) Gun control is a subject _____ Americans have argued for a long time.

A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which

5.（09宁夏）She brought with her three friends , none of ______ I had ever met before.

A. them B. who C. whom D. these

考点六

1（04 上海春）A fast food restaurant is the place _______, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.

A. which B where Cthere Dwhat

2.2007 全国卷I) Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _______they learn simple games and songs.

A. then Bthere Cwhile Dwhere

3 (2009 江苏，23) Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _____ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for onenight.

A. if B,when C. which D. since

4（05 广东）Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_______ people were eaten by the tiger.

A. in which B. by which C. which D. that

考点七

1 (2009 浙江，14) I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions

of my own.

A. which B. where C. how D. why

2 (2009 福建，24) It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.

A. that B. when C. which D. where

综合题

1. （2008 重庆） They will fly to Washington, _______ they plan to stay for two or three days.

A. where B. there C. which D. when

2.（全国卷II）The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.

A. it B. what C. which D. that

3. (2008 湖南)The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,＿＿are beyond our control.

A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that

4.（2008 安徽）All the neighbor admire this family, _______the parents are treating their child like a friend.

A. why B. where C. which D. that５5(2008 年上海)We went through a period _____ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.

A. which B. whose C. in which D. with which

6 (2007 北京) We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people, most of _____are healthy

A. that B. which C. what D. whom

7．(2007 四川) It is reported that two schools，_______ are being built in my hometown，will open next year.

A.they both B.which both C.both of them D.both of which

8.（06 湖南）We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _______ we gave some bells and glasses.

A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which

9.（. 06 重庆）I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in

the direction ______ she had come.

A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which

10.(09北京)——What do you think of teaching ,Bob?

——I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _______ you are doing something serious but interesting.

A. where B. which C. that D .what