1997-2012考研历年英语试题(4)

1997-2012考研历年英语试题,部分答案有意删去,以便平时练习

1997-2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案

4

[A] there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest rates [B] economy will always follow certain models [C] the economic situation is better than expected

[D] economists had foreseen the present economic situation

68. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? [A] Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car [B] An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation [C] A high unemployment rate will result from inflation [D] Interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy

69. The sentence ―This is no flash in the pan‖ (Line 5, Paragraph 3) means that ________.

[A] the low inflation rate will last for some time [B] the inflation rate will soon rise [C] the inflation will disappear quickly [D] there is no inflation at present

70. The passage shows that the author is ________ the present situation. [A] critical of [B] puzzled by [C] disappointed at [D] amazed at

Section IV: English-Chinese Translation Directions:

Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. 71) Actually, it isn‘t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.

On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 72) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people -- for instance to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it, how do you reply to somebody who says ―I don‘t like this contract‖?

The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. 73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no at all. This is a false fffof moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a -- a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.

This view which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely ―logical.‖ In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning -- the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl -- is to weigh others‘ interests against one‘s own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. 75) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind‘s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.

71. ________ 72. ________ 73. ________ 74. ________ 75. ________ Section V: Writing Directions:

[A] Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 120.

[B] Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

[C] Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:

1. Interpret the following pictures.

2. Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reason.

1997年参考答案

Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (20 points) Part A (5 points) 1. [B] 2. [D] 3. [A] 4. [D] 5. [C] 6. [B] 7. [A] 8. [C] 9. [D] 10. [B] Part B (5 points)

11. [C] 12. [B] 13. [C] 14. [B] 15. [C] 16. [A] 17. [C] 18. [D] 19. [D] 20. [B] Part C (10 points)

21. [A] 22. [B] 23. [D] 24. [A] 25. [C] 26. [A] 27. [A] 28. [A] 29. [C] 30. [D] 31. [A] 32. [C] 33. [A] 34. [C] 35. [D] 36. [B] 37. [D] 38. [B] 39. [C] 40. [D] Section II: Cloze Test (10 points)

41. [A] 42. [C] 43. [D] 44. [A] 45. [B] 46. [D] 47. [C] 48. [B] 49. [A] 50. [D] Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points)

51. [D] 52. [B] 53. [A] 54. [C] 55. [D] 56. [A] 57. [C] 58. [B] 59. [D] 60. [A] 61. [A] 62. [B] 63. [C] 64. [D] 65. [B] 66. [A] 67. [C] 68. [B] 69. [A] 70. [D] Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)

71. 事实并非如此, 因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的, 而这种共同认识并不存在。

72. 有些哲学家论证说, 权利只存在在于社会契约中, 是责任与权益相交换的一部分。

73. 这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端, 它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅, 要么完全冷漠无情。

74. 这类人持极端看法, 认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同, 对待动物无须考虑道德问题。

75. 这种反应并不错, 这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用, 这种本能应得到鼓励, 而不应遭到嘲弄。 Section V: Writing (15 points) 76. 参考范文 例文一

We meet smokers everywhere: in the streets, on college campuses and in shops. There are 5.8 billion people in the world, and the smokers are about 1.1 billion, which makes up 20 percent of the world‘s total population.

Smoking is very harmful. I think there are two main aspects to the damage. First, smoking consumes a great deal of money. As is shown in the pictorial graph, smoking wastes 200 billion dollars each year in the world. Second, smoking does harm to the health of smokers, and it is the main cause of lung cancer. About 3 million people die because of the relevant diseases derived from smoking every year.

Because more and more people are aware of the great harm of smoking to humans, the amount of tobacco consumption is on the decrease. From the following figures we can clearly see the tendency. The total amount of world tobacco production added up to 14.364 billion pounds in 1994, but it dropped to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995. At the same time, many countries call on people to give up smoking. So it is certain that the number of smokers is to decrease. 例文二

About Tobacco Consumption

From the above set of pictures, we can see that there were a total of 14.364 billion pounds of tobacco produced in 1994 and 14.2 billion pounds in 1995. Because the amount of tobacco production is falling yearly, it can be predicted that the tendency of tobacco consumption would also be falling yearly. There are many reasons. Firstly, smoking wastes money. Every year there are two hundred billion dollars fany good it can cancer. Every million people ―buried‖ in Although is falling, there are too many people who smoke. The in the world is 5.8 billion, but about twenty percent of the population, that is to say 1.1 billion people, smoke. So the situation is serious and the movement against smoking is still a difficult task.

评语：上边两篇作文内容符合要求, 包括对各图的说明, 对趋势的预测及理由, 数字表达正确, 语言较好, 表达能力较强, 长度符合要求。得14分

1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 Section I: Structure and Vocabulary Part A Directions:

Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points) Example:

I have been to the Great Wall three times ________ 1979. [A] from [B] after [C] for [D] since

The sentence should read, ―I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.‖ Therefore, you should choose [D]. 1. I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time ________ the last bus.

[A] to have caught [B] to catch [C] catching

[D] having caught 2. As it turned out to be a small house party, we ________ so formally. [A] needn‘t dress up

[B] did not need have dressed up [C] did not need dress up [D] needn‘t have dressed up 3. I apologize if I ________ you, but I assure you it was unintentional. [A] offend

[B] had offended

[C] should have offended [D] might have offended 4. Although a teenager, Fred could resist ________ what to do and what not to do.

[A] to be told

[B] having been told