成都七中嘉祥外国语学校高2016届高二上期12月月(4)

46. A. point out 48. A. caught 49. A. exciting

B. take out B. arranged B. mysterious

C. hand out C. old C. left

C. technological C. companion

D. print out D. new D. convinced D. modern D. individual

47. A. dirty B. clean

50. A. optimist B. pessimist

第三节 阅读理解((共15小题，每小题2分；满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.

Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a “nature and nurture”.

Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.

Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans’ respond to environmental stimulus（刺激） as the basis of their behavior.

Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching. In the US, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites. Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.

Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. .

A. relation between personality and behavior C. different accounts of patterns of human behavior A. creators

B. advisors

B. relation between behavior and environment

D. different theories of the formation of human behavior C. advocates

D. judges

. .

A. the considerable influence of the two theories C. racial discrimination in the United States 54. What’s the author's purpose in writing the passage? A. To call our attention to the changes of human behavior. B. To urge scientists to do more research in social science.

B. differences between the blacks and whites D. different responds to intelligence tests