学术英语(社科)Unit8八单元原文及翻译

UNIT8 Hard Power, Soft Power, Smart Power

硬实力，软实力，巧实力

People often associate power of a nation with military might or economic strenght. Is these something more to the concept of power?The answer ia in the affirmative ,at least to some who study political science. This unit explores the complex nature of power and how it impacts international relations.

人们常常把国家权力与军事或经济实力。这些东西更多权力的概念？在肯定的答案是，至少对那些政治学研究。本单位探讨复杂的权力的性质和它如何影响国际关系。

The complex nature of power复杂的权力的性质

1.“Until human nature change, power and force will remain at the heart of international relations,” according to a top U.S. official. Not everyone will agree with suvh a gloomy realpolitik assessment, but it underlines the crucial role that power plays in diplomacy. When the goals and interest of states conflict, which side will prevail is often decided by who has the most power.

1。“直到人性变化，权力和力量仍将在国际关系的核心，”据一位美国高级官员。不是每个人都会同意这样一个令人沮丧的现实的评估，但它强调在外交中起着至关重要的作用，电力的。当目标和国家利益冲突，哪一方会获胜的往往是谁最有权力决定。

2.Power is the term we will use here to represent the sum of a country's capabilities. Because power in common usage carries the connotation of “hit-over-the -head” or “make you” capabilities, it is very important to stress that power as used here is more than that. As we will explore in the following pages,power can be based on positive persuasion as well as negative coercion. Indeed, power has many forms. Military muscle, wealth, and some others are fairly obvious and tangible. Othera such as national willpower and diplomatic skills are much less obvious and intangible.

2。电力是指我们在这里使用的是一个国家的能力总和。因为在共同使用权进行“打在头”或“让你能力的内涵，它是强调力量用在这里非常重要的多。我们会在下文探讨，功率可根据积极以及消极的强制劝说。事实上，有许多形式的权力。军事力量，财富，有些是显而易见的，有形的。其他如国家意志和外交技巧是不太明显的和无形的。

Power as an asset and a goal电力作为一种资产和目标

3.One source of confusion in discussion about power is that it is both an asset and a goal. Our discussion of power so far has generally treated it as an asset that can be applied to help countries achieve goals. In this sense, power is akin to money as a sort of political currency that can be used to acquire things. Money buys things; power causes things to happen. There are, of course,differences between money and power. One is that political power is less liquid than money; it is harder to convert into things that you want. Another difference is that power,unlike money, has no standard measurement. Therefore it is much harder to be precise about how much power any country has.

3。在讨论权力混淆来源之一就是资产和目标。我们讨论的功率到目前为止通常把它作为一种资产，可以用于帮助国家实现目标。在这个意义上，权力和金钱作为一种政治货币，可以用来获得的东西。金钱可以买到的东西；权力导致事