学术英语(社科)Unit8八单元原文及翻译(3)

positive incentives (inducements, “carrots” ). There is also soft power, the ability to persuade others to follow your lead by being an attractive example. As one scholar puts it, “A country may obtain the outcome it wants in world politics because other countries-admiring its values, emulating its example, aspiring to its level of prosperity and openness- want to follow it.”

7。如前所述，权力最常见的图像有能力让别人做某事或遭受的后果。通常被称为“硬权力，这种权力取决于负激励（威胁，“大棒”）和正激励（诱因，“胡萝卜”）。也有软权力，说服别人听从你的领导是一个有吸引力的例子的能力。正如一位学者所说，“一个国家可以得到它想要的世界政治中因为其他国家对它的值的结果，仿真实例，希望它的繁荣和开放水平要遵循它。”

8.The value of these two forms of power is the source of much debate. Hard power is easier to appreciate because it is easier to see that certain coercive measures or positive incentives have been used and to observe the result. Realists also are apt to dismiss the concept of soft power,arguing that countries follow other countries’ lead because they share the same interests, not because of altruistic sentiments such as admiration.

8。这两种形式的功率值是许多争论的来源。硬权力很容易明白因为它可以很容易的看到某些强制措施或积极的激励措施已被使用，并观察结果。现实主义者也倾向于驳回软权力的概念，认为国家效仿其他国家的领导因为它们共享相同的利益，不是因为利他情怀如钦佩。

9.Rebutting this, those who belive that soft power can be potent point, as an example, to the negative impact they say the Iraq War has had on U.S. soft power by greatly diminishing the U.S. image abroad. Citing poll results showing that favorable opinion about the United States has plummeted almost everywhere in the past several years, one analyst worries that “the United States” soft power- its ability to attract others by the legitimacy of U.S. policies and the values that underlie them- is in decline as a result”. One reason this is a concern, accroding to this view, is because the United States needs the cooperation of other countries to combat terrorism and many other problems, but “When the United States becomes so unpopular that being pro-American is a kiss of death in other countries’ domestic politics, foreign political leaders are unlikely to make helpful concessions, reducing U.S. leverage in international affairs”. To such commentary, those who are skeptical of the importance of soft power might echo the words of President Bush, who in 2002 professed his “respect [for] the values, judgment, and interests of our friends and partners”, but who also asserted, “We will be prepared to act apart” if necessary and “will not allow… disagreements [with allies] to abscure our determination to secure… our fundamental interests and values.”

9。这个人反驳，认为软实力可以有效的点，作为一个例子，来的负面影响，他们说，伊拉克战争对美国的软实力大大削弱了美国的海外形象。民意调查结果显示，以有利的舆论对美国暴跌几乎到处都在过去的几年里，一位分析师担心，”美国的“软力量的对美国政策的合法性基础的价值观吸引他人的能力是下降的结果”。这是一个值得关注的一个原因，根据这一观点，是因为打击恐怖主义和其他许多问题，美国需要其他国家的合作，但当美国变得如此受欢迎，支持美国的一个吻是在其他国家的国内政治死亡，外国政要不可能使有帮助在国际事务中的