学术英语(社科)Unit8八单元原文及翻译(2)

情发生。有，当然，金钱和权力之间的差异。一是政治权力比金钱液少；很难转换成你想要的东西。另一个区别是，不像钱，没有标准的测量。因此，很难精确多少权力，任何国家。

4.Power is also a goal because in a world of often-conflicting goals among countries it is only prudent to seek, acquire, or preserve sufficient power to pursue your national goals. Here again ,the analogy between power and money has merit. We all expend money as an asset , yet we also seek to acquire money and to build up a reserve against both anticipated needs and contingencies.

4动力也是一个目标。因为在一个经常相互冲突的目标之间的国家只有谨慎的寻求，获得世界，或保持足够的动力去追求你的国家目标。在这里，权力与金钱之间的类比是有价值的。我们花的钱作为一种资产，但我们也寻求获得金钱和建立一个对预期的需求和应急储备。

5.The duality of power as an asset and a goal creates a debate over whether more is always better. Some people believe that countries can become fixated on acquiring power, especially military power, beyoud what is prudently needed to meet possible exigencies. This, critics say, is unwise because power is expensive, it creates a temptation to use it, and it spawns insecurity in others. Critics of recent U.S. foreign policy see its massive arms spending and its misadventure in Iraq as a case in point.

5。二元权力作为一种资产和目标是否在创造更多更好的辩论。有些人认为，国家可以成为专注于获取力量，特别是军事力量，超越什么是审慎需要满足可能的紧急情况。批评者说，这是不明智的，因为权力是昂贵的，它创造了一种诱惑去使用它，和它产生的不安全感的人。最近的美国外交政策的批评者认为其庞大的军费开支和伊拉克战争为例。

6.To such charges, realists warn that not being willing to pay the price today to guard against future and unknown dangers leaves states vulnerable. Realists also dismiss the concern about having too much power and say that the real danger is unwise use of the power you have by wasting it on marginal goals. And realists caution against a country being too reluctant to expend its power to advance its national interests. Former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, for one ,portrays Americans as sometimes too-reluctant warriors and believes that “American leadership [needs] to articulate for their public a concept of the national interest and explain how that interest is served… by the maintenance of the balance of power” througn a forceful U.S. presence on the world stage.

6。这些指控，现实主义者警告说，不愿意支付的价格今天防范未来和未知的危险状态脆弱的叶子。现实主义者也不希望有太多的权力关系说，真正的危险是不明智的利用你拥有的力量被浪费在边缘的目标。和现实主义者警告一个国家不愿意耗费电力推进其国家利益。一个美国国务卿基辛格，前国务卿，描绘美国人有时太不情愿的战士和认为，“美国领导[需要]来表达他们的公众一个国家利益的概念和解释，利益服务的 权力的“平衡的维持在世界舞台上一个强有力的美国的存在。

Hard and soft power

7.As noted earlier, the most common image of power involves the ability to make someone else do something or suffer the consequences. Often called hard power,this type of power rests on negative incentives (threats, “sticks”) and on