让我们继续上次有关地震的话题。大地震总要造成人员伤亡。如何表述地震中的人员伤亡呢? 象本则新闻标题那样用toll 这个词,是一种常见的说法。此外,还有许多其他方式,比如claim, 例如:
The quake has claimed more than 15,000 lives.
当然也可以这样平实地说:
At least 64 people were killed and more than 2,000 were injured in the quake. 也可以以数字作主语:
The largest number of deaths appeared to be in a neighborhood called Las Colinas in Santa Tecla.
发生地震后,就要立即展开营救行动(rescue effort) 以及救济工作(relief). 在营救现场,会有crane(吊车), bulldozer(推土机),truck(卡车 )等大型机械在工作,但由于还有生死不明的人被埋在废墟下面,为避免伤及可能的幸存者,人们往往只能用铁锹(spade),撬棒(crowbar),甚至徒手(bare hands)来搜救幸存者,如果条件好会有救援犬(rescue dog)的协助。 请看例句:
Relief crews were clawing through debris to rescue potential survivors with their bare hands and small tools.
震后幸存下来的人是幸运的,可是他们还要面临如何解决食物(food)、清洁饮水
(purefied water)、御寒衣物(clothings and blankets)和临时住所(temporary shelters),药品(medicine)等棘手问题,这些也是救灾工作的重点。请看下面句子:
International organizations have also rushed relief supplies and medical personnel to Gujarat.
国际组织已将救援物资和医务人员火速运往古吉拉特邦。
Aid continues to pour into the devastated country.
救灾物资继续源源不断涌入受灾国。
与此同时,医护人员(medical staff) 还要在灾区建立临时医院(converted hospital)或临时门诊部(improvised out-patient department) 来救护伤员。当然还要有警察来维持秩序(law and order)以及专家来调查评估(survey, assess)地震造成的损失(damage,loss)。
最终,经过几天的营救工作后,工作的重点要由救援(rescue)过渡(shift to)到恢复和重建(rehabilitation and reconstruction)上来。例如: