②―Sketch Book‖《见闻札记》, the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.现代文学史上第一部短
篇小说和美国第一部伟大的青少年文学读物。
③Irving restored the waning Gothic romances which Poe soon infused with psychological subtleties.重振了没落的哥特式浪漫主义
小说,随后坡在此基础上,把心理学的一些知识融入了这种体裁。
④―Legends of the Conquest of Spain‖《西班牙征服记》
A History of New York 纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作;
The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家;Bracebridge
Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄;Talks of Travellers旅客谈;The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉
2、James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯.芬尼莫.库珀
①contribution: launched two kinds of immensely popular stories → the sea adventure tale and the frontier saga 开创了两种流传极
广的小说体裁,边疆传奇小说和海上传奇小说。
②―Leatherstocking Tales‖《皮袜子故事集》,包括―The Deerslayer‖《杀鹿者》、―The Last of the Mohicans‖《最后的莫希干
人》、―The Pathfinder‖《探路人》、―The Pioneers‖《拓荒者》、―The Prairie‖《大草原》, regard as ―the nearest approach yet to
an American epic.‖ 被认为是迄今为止美国最接近史诗的作品。
③the central figure in the novels, Natty Bumppo. 小说的中心人物,纳蒂.班波
Judge Temple: man remain savage without law and order
The Spy 间谍 The Pilot 领航者 The Littlepage Manuscripts 利特佩奇的手稿
3、William Cullen Bryant 威廉.卡伦.布莱恩特 poet 诗人
①as Irving had shown that American prose had cone of age, so Bryant demonstrated to European readers that American poetry was
ready to demand serious attention.当欧文预示美国散文时代的到来时,布莱恩特向欧洲读者证实了美国的诗歌达到相当高的水
平。
②He was the first American to gain the stature of a major poet.第一个获得美国主要诗人称号的作家。
③ ―To a Waterfowl‖《致水鸟》the most perfect brief poem in the language. 用美国英语写作的最完美的短诗。
4、Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加.阿伦.坡
①show his true talents as an editor, poet, literary critic. 编辑、诗人、文学评论家。
②Graham’s Magazine 格雷厄姆杂志(坡的工作场所)
③―The Fall of the House of Usher‖《鄂谢府崩溃记》、―The Raven‖《乌鸦》the title poem of a collection,
―Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque‖《述异集》first collection of short stories. 第一部短篇小说集。
④often use grotesque or fantastic events.擅长描写哥特式和幻想类的小说。
5、Ralph Waldo Emersion 拉尔夫.沃尔多.爱默生
①be responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New England, 是把超验主义引入新英格兰的先驱。
②Emerson believed above all in individualism个人主义, independence of mind思想独立, and self-reliance自强.
③作品:―Nature《‖论自然》、―Essays《‖随笔录》、 ―The American Scholar《‖美国学者》, our intellectual Declaration of Independence.
我们知识分子的独立宣言。
④his most important works are ―Representative Men ‖《代表》and ―English Traits‖《英国人》、―Poems‖《诗集》
⑤摘自《论自然》:Standing on the bare ground, -my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space, -all mean egotism
vanishes. I become a transparent eye-ball. 人形的约束没有了。
6、Henry David Thoreau 亨利.戴维.梭罗
①Emerson’s truest disciple. Put into practice many of Emerson’s theories 爱默生最忠实的信徒,把爱默生的许多理论付诸于实
践。
②―In Walden‖《沃尔登》成名作。―Civil Disobedience‖《平民反抗》essay 随笔。非暴力不合作
③教义:I would not have anyone adopt my mode of living, each should find out his own way, not his neighbor’s or his parents. 我不
希望人们接受我的生活模式,每一个都应该发现自己的生活方式,不是邻居的,也不是他父母的。
★7、Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳萨尼尔.霍桑
①background: one of his ancestors was Judge Hathorne, who harm a person.曾经有个做法官的祖辈害人。
②―The House of the Seven Gables‖七尖角阁房,是霍桑著名神秘小说中的一个房屋名称。
③he reveals the depth of his concern with the dark side of Puritanism, the harshness and the persecutions.对清教徒阴暗面的深切关
注,认为清教徒的戒行过于森严,对不同信仰人的迫害过于残酷。
④―Mosses from an Old Manse‖《古厦青苔》、―The Marble Faun‖《玉石神像》
⑤特点⑴unique gift was for the creation of strongly symbolic stories which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature. 独特才能
主要表现在他能够通过一些极具象征意义的故事来触摸人类灵魂深处的道德品质。
⑵his ability to create vivid and symbolic images that embody great moral questions appears strongly in his short stories. 短篇小说
里,通过活生生、极具有象征意义的想象来体现人类社会的一些重大道德问题。
⑶to make a story exist in its own right but at the same time appear as a moral symbol.杰出之处在于他能把一个故事安放在自己设
置的正义标准之中来讲述,他书中的正义标准成为当时人们的道德参考。
⑥(课堂笔记提及的)―The Scarlet Letter‖《红字》
⑴女主角honest, calmly face fault 诚实,坦然的面对罪过。
⑵弗洛伊德人格理论:Id 本我 → 欲望,只要快乐 →Roger 女主角的丈夫