美国文学史复习资料(7)

1、Ezra Pound 埃兹拉.庞德 诗人

①Imagism 意象派的代表人物。Pound and Eliot became the early leaders in restoring to poetry the use of literary reference as an

imaginative instrument. 庞德和爱略特都是运用意象主义作为文学表现手法的早期诗人。

②major work of poetry is the long poem called ―The Cantos‖

2、Robert Frost 罗伯特.弗洛斯特 自然主义诗人 poet

①诗歌特点和内容：(1)rejected the revolutionary poetic principles of his contemporaries, choosing instead ―the old-fashioned way

to be new.‖ He employed the plain speech of rural New Englanders and preferred the short, traditional forms of lyric and narrative.

(2)He saw nature as a storehouse of analogy and symbol.

(3)His concern with nature reflected deep moral uncertainties, and his poetry, for all its apparent simplicity, often probes

mysteries of darkness and irrationality in the bleak and chaotic landscapes of an indifferent universe where men stand alone, unaided

and perplexed.

②he become a national bard美国民族诗人的翘首, win four Pulitzer Prizes获得了四次普利兹奖.

③―The Road Not Taken‖、―Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening‖向往大自然，想逃避社会；死亡、迷惑

3、Wallace Stevens 华莱士.斯蒂文斯 诗人

①His work is primarily motivated by the belief that ―ideas of order,‖ that is ,true ideas, correspond with an innate order in nature

and universe, and that it is the high privilege of individuals and mankind to discover this correspondence. 作品动机起源于秩序理

念，他的秩序就是真理，就是自然与宇宙天然一致的次序，是人类与个体发现这种一致性的特权。

②代表作：―The Man with the Blue Guitar‖《带蓝吉他的人》；

―Necessary Angel‖《必要的天使》，collection of his occasional lectures on poetry诗歌的评论.

―Anecdote of the Jar‖《坛子的轶事》jar – man made – art, wildness – nature, jar bring order/meaning to the nature, 艺术到

自然的秩序， integrated 统一体

③特点：(1)he adopted a variety of experimental styles, created poetic surfaces of Frenchified elegance, exotic imagery, odd sounds,

curious analogies, and inscrutable titles.尝试过多种实验性的写作风格。

(2)he confronted the contemporary abandonment of traditional values and sought to come to terms with the confusions of his time. The problem of the interrelation between the ideal and the real became a constant theme in his later poetry.理想和现实中所交叉的矛

盾。

(3)a series of oppositions between inner and outer worlds – between subject and object, perceiver and perceived, fiction and fact,

―imagination and reality‖(想象与现实)

★4、Thomas Stearns Eliot 托马斯.斯特恩斯.爱略特 现代主义代言人

①多重身份：poet诗人, critic评论家, playwright剧作家

②代表作：

―The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock‖poems，holds its place in the development of Eliot’s poetry as a whole.

―Tradition and the Individual Talent‖essay,随笔《传统和个人天才》, the earliest statement of his aesthetics第一次阐释了自己

的审美观点. provided a useful instrument for modern criticism.成为现代评论极为有效的评判标准。

―The Waste Land‖《荒原》one of the major works of modern literature. Use a new form — the orchestration of related themes in

successive movement. 新的文学形式即相关的主题在连续运动中构成交响效果。

―Four Quartets‖《四个四重奏》poem

―Murder in the Cathedral‖，poetic tragedy, 诗歌悲诗, a drama(戏剧) of impressive spiritual power.极富感染力的戏剧

③作品特点：

(1) concerns various aspects of the frustration and enfeeblement of individual character as seen in perspective with the decay of

states, peoples, and religious faith.触及人性中的软弱沮丧的弱点，正确思索了国家、人民、宗教信仰等的丧失。

(2)poem conceived as a made object, an organic thing in itself, whose concrete elements are true correlatives of the artist’s

imagination and experience with respect to that poem.诗歌是客观成型的东西，诗歌的具体元素与艺术家的想象和经历密切相关，也与诗歌相一致。

(3)The degree to which fusion and concentration of intellect, feeling, and experience were achieved was Eliot’s criterion for

judging the poem.知识、情感、体验的融合与集中程度是爱略特判定诗歌好坏的标准。

5、F. Scott Fitzgerald F.司各特.菲茨杰拉德 novelist 小说家

①作品：―This Side of Paradise‖《人间天堂》，the first novel.

―The Great Gatsby‖ 《了不起的盖茨比》 novel

―Tender Is the Night‖ 《夜色温柔》 novel

②第二本小说的开展过程：dream梦想 → Daisy self-centered 理想化的淑女，自我为中心 → disenchantment, disillusion魔

法消失，(因阶级差异)梦想破灭 → sense of failure and despair (light)失败和绝望

Ash 灰(象征) → forest树木，西部开发，树木变成灰了

③limited point of view有限视角 → suspense悬念 + mystery神秘真实性→reliable可信的，不偏，不评价

6、Ernest Hemingway 厄恩斯特.海明威 novelist 小说家

①写作特点：(1)he developed a spare, tight, reportorial prose based on simply sentence structure and using a restricted vocabulary,

precise imagery, and an impersonal, dramatic tone.推动了报告文学的发展，认为报告文学句子结构要简单，用语要节制，想象要

简练，要采用不受感情影响的、戏剧化的语调。