土木工程结构试验
土木工程结构试验与检测 Testing and Inspection for Civil Engineering Structure
3.电阻应变式位移传感器(electrical resistance displacement sensor)................ 32
4.滑动电阻式位移传感器(sliding electrical resistance displacement sensor) ..... 32
5.线性差动电感式位移传感器(linear variable differential transformer, LVDT) . 32
3.3.2 角位移传感器(angular displacement sensor) .................................................. 32
1.水准式倾角仪(inclinometer)..................................................................... 32
2.电子倾角仪(electric inclinometer) ............................................................. 33
3.3.3 光纤位移传感器(fiber optic displacement sensor)........................................... 33
1.光纤的结构和传输原理(structure and principle of optical fiber) ................... 33
2.光纤的性能的几个重要参数(optical fiber indices)...................................... 34
3.光纤传感器类型(types of fiber optic sensor) .............................................. 35
4.反射式光纤位移传感器(reflection fiber-optic displacement sensor) .............. 35
3.4 力值量测(force measurement) ................................................................................ 36
3.4.1 机械式力传感器(mechanical force sensor)..................................................... 37
3.4.2 电阻应变式力传感器(electrical resistance strain sensor) ................................. 37
3.4.3 振动弦式力传感器(vibrating wire sensor) ..................................................... 38
3.5 裂缝量测(crack detection) ..................................................................................... 38
3.5.1 量测裂缝的方法(crack detection methods) ......................................................... 38
1.肉眼观察(visual inspection)...................................................................... 38
2.贴应变片(surface bond strain gauge) ......................................................... 39
3.涂导电漆膜(conductive coating) ............................................................... 39
4.超声波检测(ultrasonic inspection) ............................................................. 39
3.5.2 裂缝宽度量测仪器(instrumentation for measuring crack width) ....................... 39
1.读数显微镜(microscope).......................................................................... 39
2.裂缝读数卡(crack reading chart) ............................................................... 39
3.6 温度量测(temperature measurements )......................................................................... 40
3.6.1 热电偶温度计(thermocouple) ........................................................................... 40
3.6.2 热敏电阻温度计(thermistor)............................................................................. 40
3.6.3 光纤温度传感器(fiber optic temperature sensor) ................................................. 41
3.7 振动参数的量测(dynamic characteristics measurements) .......................................... 41
3.7.1 拾振器的基本原理(theory of vibration sensor) ............................................... 41
3.7.2 测振仪器(vibration measurement)................................................................. 46
1.磁电式速度传感器(magneto electrical speed sensor) ................................... 46
2.压电式加速度传感器(piezoelectric acceleration sensor) .............................. 46
3.放大器和记录仪器(amplifier and recording apparatus) ................................ 47
3.8 数据采集系统(data acquisition system) ................................................................... 48
3.8.1 数据采集系统的组成(components of data acquisition system) ......................... 48
3.8.2 数据采集系统的分类(classification of data acquisition system)........................ 49
1.大型专用系统(large-scale data acquisition system)...................................... 49