Growth and accelerated differentiation of mesenchymal stem c(6)

JournalofMaterialsChemistryBPaper

25/05/2015 04:20:30.

adsorbents(Fig.7).TheadsorbedamountwasexpressedinmgcmÀ2ofsubstrates.Itwasfoundthatthe(GO/PLL)4lmcouldlargelyadsorbdexamethasone(10mM),glycerolphos-phate(10mM),ascorbicacid(10mM),withtheloadingamountof629,384and194mgcmÀ2ofsubstratebyday3,respectively.ThehighadsorptioncapacityoftheGO/PLLlmandtheGO-coverslipfordexamethasonemaybeattributedtothep–pstackingbetweenthearomaticringsintheorganicmoleculesandthegraphenebasalplane.Asfortheadsorptionofb-glyc-erolphosphate,theelectrostaticattractionbetweentheanionsandthepositivelychargedPLLmoleculesfromtheGO/PLLlmaswellasthePLL-coverslipcouldplayamajorroleduringtheadsorptionprocess.Whileinthecaseofascorbicacid,the2H.Lu,N.Kawazoe,T.Kitajima,Y.Myoken,M.Tomita,A.Umezawa,G.ChenandY.Ito,Biomaterials,2012,33,6140.3M.F.Pittenger,A.M.Mackay,S.C.Beck,R.K.Jaiswal,R.Douglas,J.D.Mosca,M.A.MoormanandD.W.Simonetti,Science,1999,284,143.

4X.Wang,W.Song,N.KawazoeandG.Chen,J.Biomed.Mater.Res.,PartA,2013,101,3388.

5J.Zhu,Y.Zhang,N.Xu,L.Wang,X.XiangandX.Zhu,J.Biomater.Sci.,Polym.Ed.,2013,24,1721.

6C.Zheng,M.Zheng,P.Gong,J.Deng,H.Yi,P.Zhang,Y.Zhang,P.Liu,Y.MaandL.Cai,Biomaterials,2013,34,3431.

7Y.LiuandL.Yobas,Biosens.Bioelectron.,2013,50,78.

hydrogen-bondbetweenascorbicacidandGOshouldbeconsideredtopushtheadsorptionofascorbicacidintotheGO/PLLlmandtheGO-coverslips.Therefore,itmaybededucedthatthehighadsorptioncapacityoftheGO/PLLlmforthesechemicalinducerscouldcausetheinducerstobelocallyconcentratedonthelmtofacilitatecell–substrateinteractionsresultingingreatenhancementofosteogenicdi erentiationofMSCs.

4Conclusions

Insummary,anewtypeofGO/PLLcompositelmshasbeenfabricatedviaLbLassemblyinamildandinexpensiveway,whichcouldbeapplicabletootherkindsofbiomacromoleculessuchaschitosan,gelatin,etc.IthasbeendemonstratedthattheGO/PLLcompositelmcouldenhancethedi erentiationofMSCstotheosteoblastlineagewithoutinuencingtheshapeandthegrowthofMSCs.Moreover,comparedtothecommer-cialmaterialssuchasTCPSorglasscoverslips,theGO/PLLlmcouldobviouslypreconcentratetheosteogenicinducers,i.e.dexamethasone,b-glycerolphosphateandascorbicacid.Itmightplayakeyroleinthesignicantenhancementofosteo-genicdi erentiationofMSCsonthecompositelm.Overall,theGO/PLLlmaswellasthelmfabricationstrategycouldbepromisingforclinicalapplicationsintissueengineeringorregenerativemedicinewitheasyfabrication,biocompatibility,andversatility.

Acknowledgements

W.Q.thanksDrQingminJiandDrKatsuhikoAriga,Interna-tionalCenterforMaterialsNanoarchitectonics(MANA),NationalInstituteforMaterialsScience(NIMS),fortheirtech-nicalsupportsandvaluablediscussions.Thisworkwasnan-ciallysupportedbytheNationalNatureScienceFoundationofChina(no.21003084,21375075),theStudentResearchTrainingProgramofQufuNormalUniversity(no.2013A046),andtheTaishanScholarFoundationofShandongProvince,China.

Notesandreferences

1Q.Zhang,H.Lu,N.KawazoeandG.Chen,ActaBiomater.,2014,10,2005.

5466|J.Mater.Chem.B,2014,2,5461–54678W.Qi,Z.Xue,W.YuanandH.Wang,J.Mater.Chem.B,2014,2,325.

9A.Higuchi,Q.-D.Ling,Y.Chang,S.-T.HsuandA.Umezawa,Chem.Rev.,2013,113,3297.

10A.F.deFaria,D.S.T.Martinez,S.M.M.Meira,A.C.M.deMoraes,A.Brandelli,A.G.S.FilhoandO.L.Alves,ColloidsSurf.,B,2014,113,115.

11C.Chung,Y.-K.Kim,D.Shin,S.-R.Ryoo,B.H.HongandD.-H.Min,Acc.Chem.Res.,2012,46,2211.

12J.Kim,Y.-R.Kim,Y.Kim,K.T.Lim,H.Seonwoo,S.Park,S.-P.Cho,B.H.Hong,P.-H.Choung,T.D.Chung,Y.-H.ChoungandJ.H.Chung,J.Mater.Chem.B,2013,1,933.

13T.R.Nayak,H.Andersen,V.S.Makam,C.Khaw,S.Bae,X.Xu,P.-L.R.Ee,J.-H.Ahn,B.H.Hong,G.PastorinandB.Ozyilmaz,¨ACSNano,2011,5,4670.14H.Zhang,G.Gr¨unerandY.Zhao,J.Mater.Chem.B,2013,1,2542.

15W.C.Lee,C.H.Y.X.Lim,H.Shi,L.A.L.Tang,Y.Wang,C.T.LimandK.P.Loh,ACSNano,2011,5,7334.16G.Decher,Science,1997,277,1232.

17N.J.Shah,J.Hong,Md.N.HyderandP.T.Hammond,Adv.Mater.,2012,24,1445.

18K.Ariga,Q.M.Ji,T.Mori,M.Naito,Y.Yamauchi,H.AbecandJ.P.Hill,Chem.Soc.Rev.,2013,42,6322.

19K.Ariga,Q.Ji,J.P.Hill,Y.BandoandM.Aono,NPGAsiaMater.,2012,4,e17,DOI:10.1038/am.2012.30.

20J.PennakalathilandJ.-D.Hong,ACSNano,2011,5,9232.21A.K.SarkerandJ.-D.Hong,Langmuir,2012,28,12637.22W.Cui,Y.Cui,J.ZhaoandJ.Li,J.Mater.Chem.B,2013,1,1326.

23C.Du,J.Zhao,J.Fei,Y.CuiandJ.Li,Adv.HealthcareMater.,2013,2,1246.

24W.S.HummersandR.E.O eman,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1958,80,1339.

25Y.-R.V.Shih,C.-N.Chen,S.-W.Tsai,Y.J.WangandO.K.Lee,StemCells,2006,24,2391.

26J.Fiedler,B.Ozdemir,¨J.Bartholom¨a,A.Plettl,R.E.Brenner

andP.Ziemann,Biomaterials,2013,34,8851.

27R.Izadpanah,C.Trygg,B.Patel,C.Kriedt,J.Dufour,J.M.GimbleandB.A.Bunnell,J.Cell.Biochem.,2006,99,283.

28J.I.Paredes,S.Villar-Rodil,A.Mart´ nez-AlonsoandJ.M.D.Tasc´on,Langmuir,2008,24,10560.

Thisjournalis©TheRoyalSocietyofChemistry2014

Published on 25 June 2014. Downloaded by South China University of Technology on