英国文学史复习资料(16)

八、Critical Realism 批判现实主义 ，Victorian Period 维多利亚时期 humanism 人文主义

1、意义：Chartism signified the first great political movement of the proletariat in English history.在英国的历史中，宪章运动是伟大的无产阶级政治运动。2、代表人物： 1)、Charles Dickens 狄更斯 《Hard Times》艰难时刻 《Pickwick Papers》匹克威克外传 《Oliver Twist》雾都孤儿 《A Tale of Two Cities》双城记(描述了法国大革命French Revolution)特点：describing the misery and sufferings of common people.描述苦难和苦难的群众。 2)、Charlotte Bronte 夏洛特.勃郎特 女 《Shirley》雪利 《Jane Eyre》简.爱 Emily Bronte 艾米丽.勃郎特《Wuthering Heights》呼啸山庄（主人公：Mr. Heathcliff） 特点：brought to the novel an introspection and an intense concentration on the inner life of emotion which before them had been the province of poetry alone. 3)、Mrs. Gaskell 《Mary Barton, North and South》玛丽.巴顿，北方和南方 4)、William Makepeace Thackeray 《Vanity Fair》名利场 — this title was borrowed by Thackeray from The Pilgrim‘s Progress by Bunyan. Thackeray draws a broad panorama of social life in his novel, ruthlessly criticizing money worship, cruelty and unscrupulousness. 在他的小说中描绘了广阔的社会生活，无情抨击了残酷和不择手段的拜金主义 人物：Rebecca Sharp — a perfect embodiment of the spirit of Vanity Fair as her only aspiration in life is to gain wealth and position by and means.唯一的愿望人生就是在名利场中，完美的获取财富和地位的手段。 特点： novels mainly contain a satirical portrayal of the upper strata of society。小说是一个含有讽刺意味的上流社会写照。 5)、George Eliot 乔治.艾略特 女 《Adam Bede》novel 《The mill on the floss》《Middlemarch》 Her preoccupation was always with the serious consideration of the moral position of the individual in the universe, but her psychological insight into the development of character.她最认真考虑的是个人的道德立场，但是她的心洞察了个性的发展。 特点：the significance of G. Eliot‘s work lies in the portrayal of the pettiness and stagnancy of English provincial life 艾略特写作的意义在于琐碎的描绘和英国生活的停滞。3、桂冠诗人(poet-laureate)：1)、Alfred Tennyson 2)、Robert Browning 《My last duchess》已故的公爵夫人 Jealousy(嫉妒) Stingy(小气) 贡献：Dramatic monologues 戏剧独白 dramatic lyrics 戏剧抒情诗 dramatic romances 戏剧传奇

九、The transition from 19th to 20th century in English literature 19到20世纪英国文学的过渡期

1、Aestheticism 唯美主义 ―art for art‘s sake‖ 为艺术而艺术 2、代表人物。1)、Thomas Hardy 悲观主义者 Pessimists 《Tess of the D‘Urbervilles》 苔丝 《Jude the obscure》裘德 novel 特点：His career is thus divided sharply between his Victorian novels and his post-Victorian poetry. 他的生涯就是他的小说和他的后维多利亚诗歌之间的尖锐分歧。2)、Oscar Wilde ―art for art‘s sake‖ 为艺术而艺术 3)、George Bernard Shaw 剧作家(playwright) 《Mrs. Warren‘s profession》华莱夫人的职业4)、D. H. Lawrence 《Lady Chatterley‘s Lover》查泰莱夫人的情人 《The Rainbow》彩虹 《Sons and lovers》儿子与情人3、 ―stream of consciousness‖意识流代表人物：1)、Virginia Woolf 《Mrs. Dalloway》 《A Room of One‘s Own》 Woolf was much concerned with the position of women. 非常重视妇女的地位 2)、James Joyce 《Ulysses》