英语国家概况 谢福之 复习资料(2)

called “the Queen s English” or “BBC English”. A third of world s population use English.标

准英语是基于英国东南部的讲话的。它也被称为“女王的英语”或“英国广播公司英语”。

三分之一的世界人口使用英语。

Chapter 2 History

1. 有记录的历史起始于55BC,Julius Caesar（凯撒大帝）and his Roman troops invaded the

island. 410年, Germanic（日耳曼人）进攻罗马，结束了罗马的统治

2. Celtic→Spain and France 凯尔特人→西班牙和法国

Anglo-Saxon→Germanic Tribes盎格鲁-撒克逊→日耳曼部落

3. Norman Conquest（诺曼征服） of England marked the establishment of feudalism（封建制度）

4. Henry II 建立 rule of the House of Anjou(安茹王朝) in England, 亦称为the House of

and

6. Henry III wages wars. The outraged nobles, led by Simon de Montfort, drafted the Provision of Oxford(牛津条约) to limit the King s power by calling regular meetings of 15-member Privy

Council(枢密院).由Simon de Montfort率领的贵族，起草提供牛津（牛津条约）通过调用15名枢密

院会议限制国王的权力（枢密院）

Simon de Montfort facilitated the modern idea of a representative

parliament.西蒙·德·蒙特福特促进了现代有代表性的议会。

7.The Wars of the Roses: the House of York( white rose) and the House of Lancaster( red

8. In 1584, King Henry VIII issued the Act of Supremacy 《至尊法案》. In 1651, Cromwell

destroyed Charles II s army, which marked the end of the Civil Wars. In 1660 Parliament decided

to restore Charles II to the throne which put an end to the Commonwealth.1584，国王亨利八世颁布

《至尊法案》至上的行为。在1651，克伦威尔摧毁了查尔斯二世的军队，这标志着内战结束。在1660届

议会决定恢复查尔斯二世的王位，这将结束了英联邦。

9. 在1688，光荣革命（Glorious Revolution）发生。在1689年，议会通过了人权法案（ the Bill of

Rights）。

10.19世纪中期，工业革命完成。

11. The British Empire began with the colonization of Newfoundland in 1583. By the end of 19th

12. South African is the fourth self-government dominion of the British Empire after Canada,

Australia and New Zealand.南非是继加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰之后的第四个自治领。

Chapter 3 Government and the Commonwealth

1. Britain is a parliamentary democracy 议会制民主with a constitutional monarchy君主立宪

制.The British Constitution is made up of

① Statutory law 成文法,制定法（the most important）→ passed by parliament

②Common law 判例法，普通法→ customs or legal precedents

③Conventions 习惯法，衡平法 →not legally exist, but still vital