one
contexttoanother.Thisgaverisetotheviewthatthereareimportantdifferences
between,say,theEnglishof,commerceandthatofengineering,theseideasmarriedupnaturallywiththedevelopmentofEnglishwassimple:iflanguagevaries
from
one
courses
forspecificgroupsoflearners,theidea
situationtoanother,itshouldbepossibleto
determinethefeaturesofspecificsituationsandthenmakethethesefeaturesthebasisOf
the1earners’course.
Newdevelopmentsineducationalpsychol093,alsocontributedtotheriseofEPS,byemphasizingthecentral’importanceofthelearnersandtheirattitudestolearningfe.g.
Rodgers,1969).Learners
have
an
were
on
seen
tohavedifferentneedsandinterest,whichwould
on
importantinfluence
theirmotivationtolearnandthereforetheeffectiveness
oftheirlearning.TheassumptionisthatEnglishcoursedesignedtotheirneedswould
improvethelearner’Smotivationandtherebymakelearningbetterandfaster.
2.1.2
Developmentofresearches
on
ESP
a
Thegrowtho.fESP,then,wasbroughtaboutby
factors:theexpansionofdemandforEnglish
to
combinationofthreeimportant
suitparticularneedsanddevelopmentsin
to
thefieldsoflinguisticsandeducationalpsychology.Allthreefactorsseemedtowardstheneedforincreasedspecializationinlanguagelearning.
point
Fromitsearlybeginninginthe1960s,ESPhasundergonethreemainphasesofdevelopment.Registeranalysis,thefirststage,tookplaceinthe1960sandearly1970sandwasassociatedinparticularwiththeworkofPeter
Strevens(Halliday,McIntosh
John
and
Strevens,1964),JackEwer(Ewer
on
and
Latorre,1969)andSwales(1971).Operating
a
thebasicprinciplethattheEnglishof,say,ElectricEngineeringconstituted
or
specific
registerdifferentfromthatof,say,Biology
GeneralEnglish;.theaimoftheanalysis
wastoidentifythegrammaticalandlexicalfeaturesoftheseregisters.
Thesecondstageis
beyondthelevelofsentences,thatisRhetorical
or
Discourse
Analysis.TheleadinglightsinthismovementwereHenryWiddowsoninBritainandthe
SO—called
WashingtonSchoolofLarrySelinker,LouisTrimble,JohnLackstromandMary
Todd—TrimbleintheUnitedStates.Registeranalysisshiftedattentiontounderstanding